这项工作得到了 2022 年 JST 基础研究（日本移植学会）的支持。

该实验方案得到了京都大学动物实验委员会的批准。该研究使用了从商业来源获得的 C57BL/6 小鼠，年龄超过 10 周，体重在 25 g 至 30 g 之间（参见 材料表）。所有动物均用2.5%异氟烷麻醉（遵循机构批准的方案），在特定的无病原体条件下维持，所有实验程序均按照京都大学的《动物实验条例》进行。用于研究的适当仪器列在 材料表 中，如图 1 和 图 2 所示。
1. 动物选择
<ol><li>使用体重为25-30克的小鼠。 注意:虽然小鼠肝脏同种异体移植物2 在主要组织相容性复合物屏障中被普遍接受，但我们在这项研究中选择了同基因 MOLT 模型，以关注冷缺血再灌注损伤10 的详细机制。不建议使用体重小于 25 g 的小鼠，因为不可能将内部支架插入细胆管。同样，由于血管周围存在大量腹内脂肪，因此不建议体重超过 30 克的小鼠。</li>
</ol>2. 袖口制作
<ol><li>分别为 PV 和 IHIVC 准备 20 G 和 16 G 静脉导管。</li>
	<li>使用手术刀切开导管以形成袖带。袖带的主体长度应为2 mm，延伸手柄为1 mm（图3A）。 注意:如果手柄太大，插入袖带可能会变得困难。</li>
	<li>在袖带的表面，使用手术刀刀片的背面创建一个浅凹槽，用于螺纹固定。 注意: 将手术刀刀片的背面贴在袖带上时，请确保刀片的尖端呈大约 60 度角（如图 3B 所示）。制作第一个凹槽后，固定手术刀刀片并旋转袖带。理想情况下，建议使用两个凹槽，但单个凹槽就足够了，没有问题。</li>
</ol>3. 袖带附件
<ol><li>在一个塑料矩形容器中，放置小冰块，并在顶部放置一个小金属杯（直径 6 厘米）。用器官保存液填充杯子（参见 材料表），并将同基因移植物放入其中。</li>
	<li>用棉签轻轻滚动同基因肝移植物（从另一只供体小鼠中提取），确保肝门朝上。用器官保存液彻底清除储存在 IVC 腔中的任何血液。</li>
	<li>使用例如连接到脾静脉的螺纹将 PV 穿过袖带（见 图 4A）。</li>
	<li>将袖带手柄置于 12 点钟位置，用斗牛犬夹固定手柄和袖带amps（参见 材料表），将其放置在距离 PV 边缘 2 至 3 毫米的位置。</li>
	<li>使用大血管镊子和固定模具进一步固定斗牛犬夹以建立手术区域（见 图4B）。</li>
	<li>以大约 15 至 20 倍的放大倍率仔细检查 PV 流明。如有必要，滴水可以提高管腔的可见度。</li>
	<li>轻轻抓住 PV 流腔并通过袖带将其外部化。</li>
	<li>一旦完全外化，使用 8-0 通过双重连接将其固定丝线沿着袖口的凹槽（图4C，D）。 注意: 确保结扎线没有松动。另外，注意结扎点不要太大，因为它可能会干扰袖带插入。结扎点可以定位在任何方向上。</li>
	<li>使用类似于PV的程序将袖带连接到IHIVC（图4E）。 注意:用袖带夹住 IHIVC 时，请避免咬入肝实质。由于颈部比 PV 短，因此请仔细确定夹紧位置。</li>
	<li>通过将线绕在 IHIVC 的底部以暂时连接 IHIVC 来创建一个滑结（图 5）。再灌注后将移除该线。</li>
</ol>4. 门静脉重建
<ol><li>通过用2.5%的异氟烷诱导麻醉来麻醉受体小鼠，并将其降低至0.6%，然后再提取已发表的文献2中所述的天然肝脏。在剖腹手术前，用交替的碘伏和 70% 乙醇对手术区域进行至少 3 次 dinsini 感染。</li>
	<li>确保肝叶位置正确，并且套囊 PV 没有扭结和扭转。</li>
	<li>使用 Pean 镊子轻轻抓住接受者的 PV 边缘，并用钳子将其固定。 注意:在本文中，钳子是指用于将豌豆镊子固定在桌子上的机械装置。有关虎钳的更多信息，请参阅 材料清单。</li>
	<li>将血管钳夹应用于接受者的 PV 并通过 8-0丝线缠绕在它周围。</li>
	<li>创建一个 1/4 圆周截面，距离 PV 边缘约 0.5 mm（图 6A）。使用专用仪器（一根 27 G 针头，尖端切断并弯曲成 L 形）将盐水溶液通过管腔时扩大孔。</li>
	<li>使用直镊子握住袖带手柄并将其插入管腔。</li>
	<li>完全插入后，用 8-0 固定袖带丝线。单次结扎就足以进行固定。</li>
	<li>取下血管钳夹并重新灌注肝脏。</li>
	<li>小心地释放豌豆镊子并完成门静脉重建。整个光伏重建过程大约需要 5 分钟。</li>
</ol>5.肝下腔静脉重建
<ol><li>适当放置肝叶，并将连接到受体 IHIVC 背侧的 Pean 镊子移动到移植物的右下叶，用虎钳固定。</li>
	<li>用棉签轻轻擦拭，去除接受者 IVIHC 周围任何残留的肝组织。</li>
	<li>以8-0的比分丝线缠绕在接受者的 IVIHC 周围。</li>
	<li>在距受体的 IVIHC 边缘约 0.5 毫米处创建一个 1/4 圆周截面（图 6B）。</li>
	<li>将生理盐水溶液引入管腔后，将袖带插入管腔。 注意:由于颈部较短，袖带通常比 PV 中的插入得更浅。</li>
	<li>小心地用 8-0 固定袖带丝线，然后取下血管钳和豌豆钳。</li>
</ol>6.术后护理
<ol><li>利用加热垫和加热灯来促进术后恢复。</li>
	<li>持续监测血压、心率、呼吸频率、体温，以及食物和水的消耗。</li>
	<li>给药者皮下注射卡洛芬（5 mg/kg，每 6 小时或直到需要）以减轻术后疼痛。遵循当地的机构准则。 注意:如果小鼠的状况恶化，实验将立即停止，并通过吸入二氧化碳对小鼠实施安乐死。</li>
	<li>为了收集组织样本，重新麻醉小鼠并通过IACUC批准的方法对它们实施安乐死。</li>
</ol>

小鼠肝移植中有效血管吻合的策略

<ol>
	<li>Qian, S. G., Fung, J. J., Demetris, A. V., Ildstad, S. T., Starzl, T. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orthotopic+liver+transplantation+in+the+mouse.">Orthotopic liver transplantation in the mouse.</a> Transplantation. 52 (3), 562-564 (1991).</li><li>Yokota, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orthotopic+mouse+liver+transplantation+to+study+liver+biology+and+allograft+tolerance.">Orthotopic mouse liver transplantation to study liver biology and allograft tolerance.</a> Nat Protoc. 11 (7), 1163-1174 (2016).</li><li>Shen, X. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inflammatory+responses+in+a+new+mouse+model+of+prolonged+hepatic+cold+ischemia+followed+by+arterialized+orthotopic+liver+transplantation.">Inflammatory responses in a new mouse model of prolonged hepatic cold ischemia followed by arterialized orthotopic liver transplantation.</a> Liver Transpl. 11 (10), 1273-1281 (2005).</li><li>Kageyama, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ischemia-reperfusion+injury+in+allogeneic+liver+transplantation:+A+role+of+CD4+T+cells+in+early+allograft+injury.">Ischemia-reperfusion injury in allogeneic liver transplantation: A role of CD4 T cells in early allograft injury.</a> Transplantation. 105 (9), 1989-1997 (2021).</li><li>Li, T., Hu, Z., Wang, L., Lv, G. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Details+determining+the+success+in+establishing+a+mouse+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+model.">Details determining the success in establishing a mouse orthotopic liver transplantation model.</a> World J Gastroenterol. 26 (27), 3889-3898 (2020).</li><li>Tian, Y., R&#252;diger, H. A., Jochum, W., Clavien, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+arterialized+and+nonarterialized+orthotopic+liver+transplantation+in+mice:+Prowess+or+relevant+model.">Comparison of arterialized and nonarterialized orthotopic liver transplantation in mice: Prowess or relevant model.</a> Transplantation. 74 (9), 1242-1246 (2002).</li><li>Steger, U., Sawitzki, B., Gassel, A. M., Gassel, H. J., Wood, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+hepatic+rearterialization+on+reperfusion+injury+and+outcome+after+mouse+liver+transplantation.">Impact of hepatic rearterialization on reperfusion injury and outcome after mouse liver transplantation.</a> Transplantation. 76 (2), 327-332 (2003).</li><li>Chen, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+review+of+various+techniques+of+mouse+liver+transplantation.">A review of various techniques of mouse liver transplantation.</a> Transplant Proc. 45 (6), 2517-2521 (2013).</li><li>Kojima, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=T+cell+carcinoembryonic+antigen-related+cell+adhesion+molecule+1-T+cell+immunoglobulin+domain+and+mucin+domain-containing+protein+3+cross+talk+alleviates+liver+transplant+injury+in+mice+and+humans.">T cell carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1-T cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain-containing protein 3 cross talk alleviates liver transplant injury in mice and humans.</a> Gastroenterology. 165 (5), 1233-1248 (2023).</li><li>Yokota, S., Yoshida, O., Ono, Y., Geller, D. A., Thomson, A. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Liver+transplantation+in+the+mouse:+Insights+into+liver+immunobiology,+tissue+injury,+and+allograft+tolerance.">Liver transplantation in the mouse: Insights into liver immunobiology, tissue injury, and allograft tolerance.</a> Liver Transpl. 22 (4), 536-546 (2016).</li></ol>

任何作者都没有任何利益冲突需要披露。

学习血管重建是成功实现 MOLT 最具挑战性的方面。鉴于小鼠5 的体型较小，袖带的质量显着影响了重建的难度。本文提供了袖带准备、连接和重建的详细方案。
虽然与以前的报告在袖带准备和连接方面没有重大差异 2,5，但应考虑一些小问题。首先，袖带手柄的厚度应限制在总周长的 1/6 左右。如果太薄，手柄很容?...

小鼠原位肝移植（MOLT）是一种有效的实验方法，于1991年首次报道1。这种利用转基因小鼠和各种研究试剂的实验模型在研究冷暖缺血和再灌注损伤方面发挥了关键作用。然而，该模型的高技术复杂性阻碍了肝移植基础医学的发展2。MOLT 涉及三个主要步骤:（1） 从供体小鼠中取出肝脏，（2） 背台手术，以及 （3） 将肝脏植入受体。在这些受体手术中，血管吻合术构成了最大的挑战。虽然肝上下腔静脉吻合术通常通过手工缝合完成2，但肝下下腔静脉 （IHIVC） 和门静脉 （PV） 可以使用塑料袖带代替手工缝合线更有效地重建。
肝期表示切除受体的天然肝脏和移植物植入之间的间隔。为确保一致的结果，必须将肝脏分离时间限制在20分钟以内。因此，采用这一模式的研究仅限于特定机构3,4,5,6,7,8,9。在 MOLT 的各个阶段中，实现平稳的 PV 和 IHIVC 重建对于最大限度地减少肝功能时间并确保移植成功至关重要。
PV 和 IVC 重建通常使用血管袖带进行，因为与手工缝合线相比，袖带技术简化了血管吻合术 2,5,8。血管袖带准备和袖带安全连接所涉及的技术显着影响受体血管重建的复杂性。我们的目标是为与袖带方法相关的众多技术技巧提供详细的视觉指导，从而减少学习曲线。这些视频剪辑将清楚地了解如何将袖带连接到血管上，并在接受者手术期间重建 PV 和 IHIVC。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>16 G intravenous catheter</td>
			<td>TERUMO</td>
			<td>SR-FF2032</td>
			<td>IHIVC cuff</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20 G intravenous catheter</td>
			<td>TERUMO</td>
			<td>SR-FF1651</td>
			<td>PV cuff</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>8-0 braid silk</td>
			<td>Natsume Seisakusho</td>
			<td>CR9-80B2</td>
			<td>8-0 silk</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Belzer UW Cold Storage Solution&#160;</td>
			<td>Astellas</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Organ preservation fluid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bulldog clamp</td>
			<td>B BRAUN</td>
			<td>FB329R</td>
			<td>Bulldog clamp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6 mice&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Oriental Bio Service</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane inhalation solution</td>
			<td>Viatris</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Anesthesic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro Blunted Tips 0.1 mm x 0.06 mm&#160;</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>11253-20</td>
			<td>Straight microforceps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro Serrefine Clamp Applicator with Lock</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>18056-14</td>
			<td>Vessel clip applicator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro Serrefines&#160;</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>18055-4</td>
			<td>Vessel clip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>No.11 Spare Blades</td>
			<td>FEATHER Safety Razor</td>
			<td>11</td>
			<td>Blades</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ophthalmic scissor, round handle</td>
			<td>B BRAUN</td>
			<td>FD103R</td>
			<td>Microscissor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plastic rectangular-shaped container&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Daiso</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>10 cm long, 15 cm wide and 6 cm high</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SuperGrip Tips</td>
			<td>F.S.T</td>
			<td>00649-11&#160;</td>
			<td>Curved microforceps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SZX7</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>SZX7</td>
			<td>Microscope</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

vascular reconstruction with the cuff technique in mouse orthotopic liver transplantation

小鼠原位肝移植是研究肝缺血和再灌注损伤潜在机制的有效方法。然而，技术挑战对利用这种宝贵的实验模型并将这些技能传授给下一代构成了障碍。该手术最具挑战性的方面是血管重建，包括门静脉 （PV）、肝下下腔静脉 （IHIVC） 和肝上下腔静脉。使用塑料袖带而不是缝合线，可以更顺利地进行 PV 和 IHIVC 重建。通过将由静脉导管制成的袖带连接到移植物血管的尖端并将袖带插入受体血管来重建血管。两个最关键的方面是正确地观察血管的内腔和避免使用过度的力。我们的目标是提供在接受者手术中使用袖带技术进行血管重建的技术概述。这些袖带技术的技术技巧有望帮助显微外科医生促进血管重建并推进他们的研究。

当松开门静脉时，没有迂曲，肝脏均匀灌注时，PV 重建成功。肝功能时间应小于20分钟，因为肝脏时间超过25分钟会增加小鼠死亡的风险。如果移植物没有血液反流，则认为 IHIVC 重建成功。
使用器官保存溶液在低温下储存移植物1小时，导致再灌注后6小时的血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶水平约为2,000U / L（图7A）。移植后7天的存活率为100%（图7B</s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Author Spotlight: Exploring Cold Ischemia and Warm Reperfusion Injury in Fatty Liver Transplantation at JoVE.com

作者聚焦:探索脂肪肝移植中的冷缺血和温再灌注损伤

该协议为在小鼠原位肝移植中使用袖带技术进行血管重建提供了技术信息。

袖带技术在小鼠原位肝移植中的血管重建

Mouse orthotopic liver transplantation is an effective methodology for investigating the underlying mechanisms of liver ischemia and reperfusion injury. ...

我们的研究重点是肝移植，特别是冷缺血和温再灌注损伤。为此，我们使用小鼠肝移植模型作为研究工具。因为这项技术很困难，所以可能需要很长时间来学习和获得一致的结果。未来，我们想进行脂肪肝移植的研究。这仍然是临床肝移植需要克服的问题。

vascular-reconstruction-with-cuff-technique-mouse-orthotopic-liver

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Vascular Reconstruction with the Cuff Technique in Mouse Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

1.1K 次观看.  Kyoto University. 我们的研究重点是肝移植，特别是冷缺血和温再灌注损伤。为此，我们使用小鼠肝移植模型作为研究工具。因为这项技术很困难，所以可能需要很长时间来学习和获得一致的结果。未来，我们想进行脂肪肝移植的研究。这仍然是临床肝移植需要克服的问题。

视频: 作者聚焦:探索脂肪肝移植中的冷缺血和温再灌注损伤

Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in Rats

Clinical progress in the field of liver transplantation has been largely supported by animal models1,2. Since the publication of the first orthotopic rat liver transplantation in 1979 by Kamada et al.3, this model has remained the gold standard despite various proposed alternative techniques4. Nevertheless, its broader use is limited by its steep learning curve5.
In this video paper, we show a simple and easy-to-establish revision of Kamada's two-cuff technique. The suprahepatic vena cava anastomosis is performed manually with a running suture, and the vena porta and infrahepatic vena cava anastomoses are performed utilizing a quick-linker cuff system6. Manufacturing the quick-linker kit is shown in a separate video paper.

We present an easy-to-establish revision of the classical two-cuff technique for orthotopic liver transplantation in rat.

大鼠原位肝移植

Clinical progress in the field of liver transplantation has been largely supported by animal models1,2. Since the publication of the first orthotopic rat ...

科研

医学

Orthotopic Aortic Transplantation in Mice for the Study of Vascular Disease

Vascular procedures involving anastomoses in the mouse are generally thought to be difficult and highly dependent on the skill of the individual surgeon. This is largely true, but there are a number of important principles that can reduce the difficulty of these procedures and enhance reproducibility. Orthotopic aortic transplantation is an excellent procedure in which to learn these principles because it involves only two end-to-end anastomoses, but requires good suturing technique and handling of the vessels for consistent success. This procedure begins with the procurement of a length of abdominal aorta from a donor animal, followed by division of the native aorta in the recipient. The procured aorta is then placed between the divided ends of the recipient aorta and sutured into place using end-to-end anastomoses. To accomplish this objective successfully requires a high degree of concentration, good tools, a steady hand, and an appreciation of how easily the vasculature of a mouse can be damaged, resulting in thrombosis. Learning these important principles is what occupies most of the beginner's time when learning microsurgery in small rodents. Throughout this protocol, we refer to these important points. This model can be used to study vascular disease in a variety of different experimental systems1-8. In the context shown here, it is most often used for the study of post-transplant vascular disease, a common long-term complication of solid organ transplantation in which intimal hyperplasia occurs within the allograft. The primary advantage of the model is that it facilitates quantitative morphometric analyses and the transplanted vessel lies contiguous to the endogenous vessel, which can serve as an additional control9. The technique shown here is most often used for mice weighing 18-25 grams. We have accumulated most of our experience using the C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ, and C3H/HeJ strains.

We describe a technique in which a section of the abdominal aorta from a mouse is transplanted orthotopically to just below the renal arteries in an allogeneic or syngeneic recipient. This technique can be useful in studies in which transplantation of large arteries of uniform size is deemed advantageous.

原位主动脉瓣移植在小鼠血管疾病的研究

Vascular procedures involving anastomoses in the mouse are generally thought to be difficult and highly dependent on the skill of the individual surgeon. ...

Surgical Procedures for a Rat Model of Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation with Hepatic Arterial Reconstruction

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats using a whole or partial graft is an indispensable experimental model for transplantation research, such as studies on graft preservation and ischemia-reperfusion injury 1,2, immunological responses 3,4, hemodynamics 5,6, and small-for-size syndrome 7. The rat OLT is among the most difficult animal models in experimental surgery and demands advanced microsurgical skills that take a long time to learn. Consequently, the use of this model has been limited. Since the reliability and reproducibility of results are key components of the experiments in which such complex animal models are used, it is essential for surgeons who are involved in rat OLT to be trained in well-standardized and sophisticated procedures for this model.
While various techniques and modifications of OLT in rats have been reported 8 since the first model was described by Lee et al. 9 in 1973, the elimination of the hepatic arterial reconstruction 10 and the introduction of the cuff anastomosis technique by Kamada et al. 11 were a major advancement in this model, because they simplified the reconstruction procedures to a great degree. In the model by Kamada et al., the hepatic rearterialization was also eliminated. Since rats could survive without hepatic arterial flow after liver transplantation, there was considerable controversy over the value of hepatic arterialization. However, the physiological superiority of the arterialized model has been increasingly acknowledged, especially in terms of preserving the bile duct system 8,12 and the liver integrity 8,13,14.
In this article, we present detailed surgical procedures for a rat model of OLT with hepatic arterial reconstruction using a 50% partial graft after ex vivo liver resection. The reconstruction procedures for each vessel and the bile duct are performed by the following methods: a 7-0 polypropylene continuous suture for the supra- and infrahepatic vena cava; a cuff technique for the portal vein; and a stent technique for the hepatic artery and the bile duct.

Orthotopic liver transplantation in rats is an indispensable experimental model for biomedical research. Here we present our surgical procedures for orthotopic rat liver transplantation with hepatic arterial reconstruction using a 50% partial graft.

部分原位肝移植大鼠模型的肝动脉重建的外科手术

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats using a whole or partial graft is an indispensable experimental model for transplantation research, such as ...

Heterotopic Auxiliary Rat Liver Transplantation With Flow-regulated Portal Vein Arterialization in Acute Hepatic Failure

In acute hepatic failure auxiliary liver transplantation is an interesting alternative approach. The aim is to provide a temporary support until the failing native liver has regenerated.1-3 The APOLT-method, the orthotopic implantation of auxiliary segments- averts most of the technical problems. However this method necessitates extensive resections of both the native liver and the graft.4 In 1998, Erhard developed the heterotopic auxiliary liver transplantation (HALT) utilizing portal vein arterialization (PVA) (Figure 1). This technique showed promising initial clinical results.5-6 We developed a HALT-technique with flow-regulated PVA in the rat to examine the influence of flow-regulated PVA on graft morphology and function (Figure 2).
A liver graft reduced to 30 % of its original size, was heterotopically implanted in the right renal region of the recipient after explantation of the right kidney.&#160; The infra-hepatic caval vein of the graft was anastomosed with the infrahepatic caval vein of the recipient. The arterialization of the donor&#8217;s portal vein was carried out via the recipient&#8217;s right renal artery with the stent technique. The blood-flow regulation of the arterialized portal vein was achieved with the use of a stent with an internal diameter of 0.3 mm. The celiac trunk of the graft was end-to-side anastomosed with the recipient&#8217;s aorta and the bile duct was implanted into the duodenum. A subtotal resection of the native liver was performed to induce acute hepatic failure. 7
In this manner 112 transplantations were performed. The perioperative survival rate was 90% and the 6-week survival rate was 80%. Six weeks after operation, the native liver regenerated, showing an increase in weight from 2.3&#177;0.8 g to 9.8&#177;1 g. At this time, the graft&#8217;s weight decreased from 3.3&#177;0.8 g to 2.3&#177;0.8 g.
We were able to obtain promising long-term results in terms of graft morphology and function. HALT with flow-regulated PVA reliably bridges acute hepatic failure until the native liver regenerates.

Auxiliary liver transplantation provides a temporary support in acute hepatic failure, until regeneration of the failing liver. The heterotopic auxiliary liver transplantation (HALT) with portal vein arterialization (PVA) renders sufficient liver function. We developed an analogous technique in the rat, to examine the influence of the portal vein arterialization on the morphology and function of the graft.

在急性肝衰竭异位辅助性大鼠肝移植流量调节门静脉动脉

In acute hepatic failure auxiliary liver transplantation is an interesting alternative approach. The aim is to provide a temporary support until the ...

Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and translational research in the field of transplantation medicine. A vast array of reagents is available exclusively in this setting, including mono- and polyclonal antibodies for both diagnostic and interventional applications. In addition, a vast number of genotyped, inbred, transgenic, and knock out strains allow detailed investigation of the individual contributions of humoral and cellular components to the complex interplay of an immune response and make the mouse the gold standard for immunological research. 
Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) delineates a novel field of transplantation using allografts to replace "like with like" in patients suffering traumatic or congenital tissue loss. This surgical methodological protocol shows the use of a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis in an orthotopic mouse hind limb transplantation model. The model specifically allows for comparison between established paradigms in solid organ transplantation with a novel form of transplants consisting of various different tissue components. Uniquely, this model allows for the transplantation of a viable vascularized bone marrow compartment and niche that have the potential to exert a beneficial effect on the balance of immune acceptance and rejection. This technique provides a tool to investigate alloantigen recognition and allograft rejection and acceptance, as well as enables the pursuit of functional nerve regeneration studies to further advance this novel field of transplantation.

This novel model for orthotopic hind limb transplantation in the mouse, applying a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis, provides a powerful tool for in&#160;vivo mechanistic immunological research related to vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA).

原位后肢移植中的鼠标

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and ...

Using the Sleeve Technique in a Mouse Model of Aortic Transplantation - An Instructional Video

Orthotopic aortic transplantation using the sleeve technique reduces injury to the aorta with failure rate of only 10-20%. The time to anastomose the aorta in mice using the sleeve method was short and easy averaging 20 min, permitting studies of iso/allo grafts. The following article describes the aortic transplantation procedure used in our laboratory. The mice were anesthetized with a mixture of 1.5% volume isoflurane and 100% oxygen through a face mask. At this point, the segment of the aorta between the renal arteries and its bifurcation was separated from the vena cava, freely prepared and clampedat the proximal and distal segments with a single silk suture. Prior to the removal of the aorta, a saline solution containing heparin was injected into the inferior vena cava. Then the aorta was cut between the clamps and a saline heparin solution was used to flush the lumen. The sleeve technique with monofilament sutures was used in order to transplant the abdominal aorta in the orthotopic position.

We present an orthotopic aortic transplantation model using the sleeve technique in mice. It is a very rapid anastomosis method, which can be employed in studies of vascular disease.

套筒技术在主动脉移植小鼠模型中的应用-教学视频

Orthotopic aortic transplantation using the sleeve technique reduces injury to the aorta with failure rate of only 10-20%. The time to anastomose the ...

Mouse Model for Pancreas Transplantation Using a Modified Cuff Technique

Mouse models have several advantages in transplantation research, including easy handling, a variety of genetically well-defined strains, and the availability of the widest range of molecular probes and reagents to perform in vivo as well as in vitro studies. Based on our experience with various murine transplantation models, we developed a heterotopic pancreas transplantation model in mice with the intent to analyze mechanisms underlying severe ischemia reperfusion injury-associated early graft damage. In contrast to previously described techniques using suture techniques, herein we describe a new procedure using a non-suture cuff technique. 
In recent years, we have performed more than 300 pancreas transplantations in mice with an overall success rate of &gt;90%, a success rate never described before in mouse pancreas transplantation. The backbone of this non-suture cuff technique for graft revascularization consists of two major steps: (I) pulling the recipient vessel over a polyethylene/polyamide cuff and fixing it with a circumferential ligature, and (II) placing the donor vessel over the everted recipient vessel and fixing it with a second circumferential ligature. The resultant continuity of the endothelial layer results in less thrombogenic lesions with high patency rates and, finally, high success rates.
In this model, arterial anastomosis is achieved by pulling the abdominal aorta of the donor graft over the everted common carotid artery of the recipient animal. Venous drainage of the graft is achieved by pulling the portal vein of the graft over the everted external jugular vein of the recipient. This manuscript provides details and crucial steps of the organ recovery and organ implantation procedures, which will allow researchers with microsurgical skills to perform the transplantation successfully in their laboratories.

Among abdominal solid organ transplantation, pancreatic grafts are prone to develop severe ischemia reperfusion injury-associated graft damage, leading eventually to early graft loss. This protocol describes a model of murine pancreas transplantation using a non-suture cuff technique, ideally suited for analyzing these early, deleterious damages.

应用改良袖套技术的小鼠胰腺移植模型

Mouse models have several advantages in transplantation research, including easy handling, a variety of genetically well-defined strains, and the ...

A Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation Using a Novel Magnetic Anastomosis Technique for Suprahepatic Vena Cava Reconstruction

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep learning curve. The introduction of the cuff technique for anastomosis of the portal vein (PV) and infrahepatic vena cava (IHVC) has significantly simplified the transplant procedure in rats. However, due to the short anterior wall of the recipients' suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC), the cuff technique is very difficult to use for the reconstruction of the SHVC. Most researchers in this field still use the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction, which makes it the bottleneck step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. The magnetic anastomosis technique (i.e., magnamosis) is a method of connecting two vessels using the attractive force between two magnets. Our recent study has shown that the magnetic anastomosis technique is superior to the hand-suture technique for SHVC reconstruction in rats. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using the novel magnetic anastomosis technique. In this model, the reconstruction of the PV and IHVC was performed by the standard cuff technique, while the reconstruction of the bile duct (BD) was performed by a stent technique. The hepatic re-arterialization was not performed. The magnetic anastomosis technique made SHVC reconstruction much easier and significantly shortened the anphepatic phase. After a reasonable learning curve, even researchers without advanced microsurgical skills can produce reliable and reproducible results using this rat model of OLT.

The reconstruction of the suprahepatic vena cava (SHVC) remains a difficult step in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. In this article, we show a step-by-step protocol for SHVC reconstruction in rats using a novel magnetic anastomosis technique.

应用新型磁吻合技术 Suprahepatic 腔静脉重建大鼠原位肝移植模型的研究

The rat model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is essential for transplant research. It is a very sophisticated animal model and requires a steep ...

A Modified Cuff Technique for Mouse Cervical Heterotopic Heart Transplantation Model

Cardiac allograft rejection limits the long-term survival of patients after heart transplantation. A mouse heart transplantation model is ideal for investigating the mechanism of cardiac allograft rejection in preclinical studies because of their high homology with human genes. This understanding would help develop unique approaches to improving patients&#39; long-term survival treated with cardiac allografts. In a mouse model, abdominal donor heart implantation is commonly performed with an end-to-end&#160;anastomosis to the recipient&#39;s aorta and inferior vena cava using stitches. In this model, the donor&#39;s heart is implanted by end-to-end anastomosis to the recipient&#39;s carotid artery and jugular vein by the modified-Cuff technique. The transplantation surgery is performed without stitching and thus may increase the survival of the recipient since there is no interference with the blood supply and venous reflux of the lower body. This mouse model would help investigate the mechanisms underlying the immunological and pathological (acute/chronic) rejection of cardiac allografts.

In the present protocol, a mouse heart transplantation model is used for investigating the mechanism of cardiac allograft rejection. In this heterotopic heart transplantation model, operation efficiency is improved, and the survival of cardiac grafts is ensured by a cervical end-to-end anastomosis of heart implantation using a modified Cuff technique.

一种改进的袖带技术用于小鼠颈椎异位心脏移植模型

Cardiac allograft rejection limits the long-term survival of patients after heart transplantation. A mouse heart transplantation model is ideal for ...

小鼠肝移植和同种异体移植物通畅性分析

Successful Orthotopic Liver Transplantation in Mice Utilizing Microcomputed Tomography Angiography

Microcomputed tomography (microCT) angiography is an invaluable resource to researchers. New advances in this technology have allowed for high-quality images to be obtained of micro-vasculature and are high-fidelity tools in the field of organ transplantation. In this model of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in mice, microCT affords the opportunity to evaluate allograft anastomosis in real time and has the added benefit of not having to sacrifice study animals. The choice of contrast, as well as image acquisition settings, create a high-definition image, which gives researchers invaluable information. This allows for evaluation of the technical aspects of the procedure as well as potentially evaluating different therapeutics over an extended duration of time. In this protocol, we detail an OLT model in mice in a stepwise fashion and finally describe a microCT protocol that can give high-quality images, which aid researchers in in-depth analysis of solid organ transplantation. We provide a step-by-step guide for liver transplantation in a mouse, as well as briefly discuss a protocol for evaluating the patency of the graft through microCT angiography.

作者聚焦:通过小鼠模型中的 MicroCT 血管造影增强移植研究 

In this protocol, we discuss the implementation of a model of successful orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in mice. Additionally, adjuvants to further analyze allograft patency after successful OLT in a mouse are discussed as well, specifically utilizing microcomputed tomography (microCT) scans.

利用显微计算机断层扫描血管造影成功对小鼠进行原位肝移植

Microcomputed tomography (microCT) angiography is an invaluable resource to researchers. New advances in this technology have allowed for high-quality ...