whole rabbit eye dissection and ocular tissue preparation for histological analysis

Rabbit Eye Dissection and Cryosectioning for Immunohistochemistry Studies

The retina is composed of several layers of specialized cells within the eye that together work to convert light into neural signals. Because the retina plays a critical role in vision, understanding its structure and function can provide valuable insights into some of the most common causes of vision loss such as macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, among others.
Rabbits serve as a convenient animal model in retinal research as they offer several advantages compared to other models. Rabbit eyes are relatively similar in anatomy to human eyes1,2. For example, rabbits have an area of increased photoreceptor density, known as the horizontal visual streak, that is analogous to the fovea in humans. Other commonly used animal models, such as rodents, do not have an anatomic equivalent. In addition, compared to rodents, the retinal vasculature in rabbits is fairly similar to that in humans. Rabbit eyes are relatively large as well. This makes them particularly suitable for studies that involve drug administration or surgical intervention within the vitreous or retina that may otherwise be difficult or impossible in a smaller eye3.
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used technique to study the localization of antigens within a tissue and has broad applications in retinal research4,5,6. Because the retina is a delicate structure, obtaining useful results via IHC requires careful tissue processing. Retinal detachment and other tissue artifacts such as retinal breaks or folds commonly occur during processing and may interfere with the interpretation of results. Successful processing depends on a variety of factors, including tissue manipulation, type and duration of fixation, type of embedding media, and sectioning techniques7,8,9,10. Despite the advantages of using rabbits as an animal model in retinal research, very few protocols describing successful tissue processing of the rabbit retina exist. This paper describes a reliable method for obtaining high-quality retinal sections from whole rabbit eyes for use in IHC.

Author Spotlight: Optimizing Retinal Tissue Processing for Immunohistochemistry in Rabbit Models

Obtaining High-Quality Cryosections of Whole Rabbit Eye 

Our research focuses on novel approaches to regenerating the retinal pigment epithelium. Dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium is thought to play a central role in the pathophysiology of many eye diseases, such as macular degeneration, so regenerating this layer of cells is attractive from a therapeutic standpoint. Visualizing the structural anatomy of the retina via immunohistochemistry has wide applications in retinal research.In our laboratory, we found obtaining useful results from rabbit eyes, difficult due to tissue artifacts like retinal attachments and retinal folds. Despite these challenges, there are very few protocols existing that describe successful tissue processing of rabbit retina. This protocol makes several important modifications to standard tissue processing techniques that result in excellent tissue sections of the rabbit retina.This study may allow researchers to obtain better results from their research that involves the use of immunohistochemistry in rabbit models.

Whole Rabbit Eye Dissection and Ocular Tissue Preparation for Histological Analysis

After transconjunctival enucleation of the rabbit eye, immediately place in 50 milliliters of 4%paraformaldehyde and PBS on ice. After 15 minutes, transfer the eye to a 100 millimeter dissection dish and fill the dish with PBS to prevent the eye from drying out. Under a dissection microscope, Using a surgical blade, start making an incision one millimeter anterior to the limbus, keeping it parallel to the iris plane.Insert curved scissors into the initial incision and continue cutting circumferentially, maintaining a one millimeter distance from the limbus. Then remove the cornea with forceps and gently wipe away PBS With a laboratory wipe. Place the cornea in 30%sucrose solution at room temperature for cryoprotection.Make an initial cut with curved scissors through the iris. Then cut circumferentially around the eye, similar to the cornea removal, to separate the iris from the rest of the tissue. Remove the iris with forceps and gently wipe away excess PBS with the laboratory wipe.Place the iris in 30%sucrose solution at room temperature for cryoprotection. After removing the cornea and iris, place the eye in 50 milliliters of 4%paraformaldehyde and put it on a shaker for gentle agitation. Leave the eye in 4%paraformaldehyde at four degrees Celsius overnight.The next day, place the eye in a dissection dish and fill the dish with PBS. Under the dissection microscope, use forceps to carefully grasp the anterior lens capsule. Then carefully insert the scissors into the posterior chamber, orienting the blades posteriorly along the lens.Make an initial cut through the lens zonules with curved scissors. Continue making small cuts in a circumferential pattern through the lens zonules. To confirm lens removal, gently grasp the anterior lens capsule with forceps and attempt to lift it.Upon separation, place the lens in 30%sucrose solution at room temperature for cryoprotection. Place the eye in 50 milliliters of 30%sucrose and PBS at four degrees Celsius for 24 to 48 hours for cryoprotection. To expedite cryoprotection, replace the initial sucrose solution with a fresh one after eight to 12 hours.

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

This protocol describes how to obtain high-quality retinal cryosections in larger animals, such as rabbits. After enucleation, the eye is briefly immersed ...