<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>用于分析多深度烧伤的尤卡坦小型猪烧伤创面模型

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Adson tissue forceps</td>
			<td>Jarit</td>
			<td>130-234</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum beads</td>
			<td>Lab Armor</td>
			<td>42370-002</td>
			<td>Lab Armor Beads&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Ranbaxy Pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td>NDC:12469-0757-01</td>
			<td>Buprenex Injectable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carprofen</td>
			<td>Pfizer</td>
			<td>NADA 141-199</td>
			<td>Rymadyl 50mg/ml injectable&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cylindric brass block</td>
			<td>Hand-made</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Engineering drawing included in the manuscript</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dermographic pen</td>
			<td>McKesson</td>
			<td>Surgical Skin Marker Sterile</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable #15 surgical scalpels</td>
			<td>Medline</td>
			<td>MDS15315</td>
			<td>Scalpel blades</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fentanyl patch</td>
			<td>Mylan</td>
			<td>NDC:60505-7082</td>
			<td>Fentanyl Transdermal System</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane&#160;</td>
			<td>Piramal</td>
			<td>NDC:66794-013-25</td>
			<td>Isoflurane, USP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>McPherson Bipolar coagulation forceps</td>
			<td>Bovie</td>
			<td>A842</td>
			<td>Reusable, autoclavable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Miltex assorted biopsy punches (3,4 and 5 mm)</td>
			<td>Integra</td>
			<td>33-38</td>
			<td>Biopsy punches- size to adapt to the study</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Non woven gauze</td>
			<td>Starryshine</td>
			<td>GZNW22</td>
			<td>2 x 2&#34; non woven 4 ply medical gauze pads</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Povidone-Iodine</td>
			<td>Betadine</td>
			<td>NDC:0034-9200-88</td>
			<td>Surgical scrub 7.5%&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile isotonic sodium chloride solution 0.9%</td>
			<td>Aqualite System</td>
			<td>RL-2095</td>
			<td>Sterile saline solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tattoo ink</td>
			<td>Spaulding &#38; Rogers</td>
			<td>Black - 2 oz - #9053</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tattoo marker</td>
			<td>Spaulding &#38; Rogers</td>
			<td>Special Electric Tattoo Marker</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tattoo needle</td>
			<td>Spaulding &#38; Rogers</td>
			<td>1310251</td>
			<td>Tattoo 5 point needle</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tegaderm Transparent Film Dressing</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>1.628</td>
			<td>Large transparent adhesive dressing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Temperature-controlled hot plate</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>03407-11</td>
			<td>StableTemp hot plate stirrer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermometer</td>
			<td>American Scientific</td>
			<td>U14295</td>
			<td>Tube mercury thermometerr</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tiletamine and zolazepam hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Zoetis</td>
			<td>NDC:54771-9050</td>
			<td>Telazol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tincture of Benzoin Spray</td>
			<td>Smith&#38;Nephew</td>
			<td>407000</td>
			<td>Adhesive layer spray</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triple Antibiotic ointment</td>
			<td>Fougera</td>
			<td>NDC 0168-0012-31</td>
			<td>Triple antibiotic ointment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tubular stockinette</td>
			<td>Medline</td>
			<td>NONNET02</td>
			<td>Curad Medline Latex Free Elastic Nets</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Warming blanket</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>Bair Hugger 750 warming unit</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xeroform Occlusive Gauze Strip</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>8884433301</td>
			<td>Xeroform petrolatum wound dressings</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Vetone</td>
			<td>NDC:13985-704-10</td>
			<td>AnaSed LA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yucat&#224;n minipigs (female, 30 kg)</td>
			<td>Sinclair Bio Resources</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Full pigmentation&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a swine burn model for investigating the healing process in multiple depth burn wounds

Read this Scientific Article Protocol about Author Spotlight: A Multi-Depth Porcine Model for Comprehensive Study of Burn Injuries and Healing Processes at JoVE.com

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦：用于烧伤和愈合过程综合研究的多深度猪模型

用于研究多深度烧伤伤口愈合过程的猪烧伤模型

Burn wound healing is a complex and long process. Despite extensive experience, plastic surgeons and specialized teams in burn centers still face ...

a-swine-burn-model-for-investigating-healing-process-multiple-depth

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

A Swine Burn Model for Investigating the Healing Process in Multiple Depth Burn Wounds

786 次观看.  Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School. 我们研究的目的是提供一个可靠而稳健的模型来研究多发性烧伤及其愈合过程。这与诊断和治疗研究都相关。我们成功地建立了一个多深度烧伤模型，可以准确模拟人类的烧伤。我们通过提供一个、制造设备、温度和接触时间的具体细节来标准化该协议，这使得该领域的其他研究人员可以轻松复制该模型。通过使用这个模型，我们可以通过长期...

视频: 作者聚焦：用于烧伤和愈合过程综合研究的多深度猪模型

Murine Model of Wound Healing

Wound healing and repair are the most complex biological processes that occur in human life. After injury, multiple biological pathways become activated. Impaired wound healing, which occurs in diabetic patients for example, can lead to severe unfavorable outcomes such as amputation. There is, therefore, an increasing impetus to develop novel agents that promote wound repair. The testing of these has been limited to large animal models such as swine, which are often impractical. Mice represent the ideal preclinical model, as they are economical and amenable to genetic manipulation, which allows for mechanistic investigation. However, wound healing in a mouse is fundamentally different to that of humans as it primarily occurs via contraction. Our murine model overcomes this by incorporating a splint around the wound. By splinting the wound, the repair process is then dependent on epithelialization, cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, which closely mirror the biological processes of human wound healing. Whilst requiring consistency and care, this murine model does not involve complicated surgical techniques and allows for the robust testing of promising agents that may, for example, promote angiogenesis or inhibit inflammation. Furthermore, each mouse acts as its own control as two wounds are prepared, enabling the application of both the test compound and the vehicle control on the same animal. In conclusion, we demonstrate a practical, easy-to-learn, and robust model of wound healing, which is comparable to that of humans.

A murine model of cutaneous wound healing that can be used to assess therapeutic compounds in physiological and pathophysiological settings.

伤口愈合的小鼠模型

Wound healing and repair are the most complex biological processes that occur in human life. After injury, multiple biological pathways become activated. ...

科研

医学

An Alkali-burn Injury Model of Corneal Neovascularization in the Mouse

Under normal conditions, the cornea is avascular, and this transparency is essential for maintaining good visual acuity. Neovascularization (NV) of the cornea, which can be caused by trauma, keratoplasty or infectious disease, breaks down the so called &lsquo;angiogenic privilege' of the cornea and forms the basis of multiple visual pathologies that may even lead to blindness. Although there are several treatment options available, the fundamental medical need presented by corneal neovascular pathologies remains unmet. In order to develop safe, effective, and targeted therapies, a reliable model of corneal NV and pharmacological intervention is required. Here, we describe an alkali-burn injury corneal neovascularization model in the mouse. This protocol provides a method for the application of a controlled alkali-burn injury to the cornea, administration of a pharmacological compound of interest, and visualization of the result. This method could prove instrumental for studying the mechanisms and opportunities for intervention in corneal NV and other neovascular disorders.

Neovascularization (NV) of the cornea can complicate multiple visual pathologies. Utilizing a controlled, alkali-burn injury model, a quantifiable level of corneal NV can be produced for mechanistic study of corneal NV and evaluation of potential therapies for neovascular disorders.

角膜新生血管在小鼠碱烧伤模型

Under normal conditions, the cornea is avascular, and this transparency is essential for maintaining good visual acuity. Neovascularization (NV) of the ...

Direct Mouse Trauma/Burn Model of Heterotopic Ossification

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of bone outside of the skeleton which forms following major trauma, burn injuries, and orthopaedic surgical procedures. The majority of animal models used to study HO rely on the application of exogenous substances, such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), exogenous cell constructs, or genetic mutations in BMP signaling. While these models are useful they do not accurately reproduce the inflammatory states that cause the majority of cases of HO. Here we describe a burn/tenotomy model in mice that reliably produces focused HO. This protocol involves creating a 30% total body surface area partial thickness contact burn on the dorsal skin as well as division of the Achilles tendon at its midpoint. Relying solely on traumatic injury to induce HO at a predictable location allows for time-course study of endochondral heterotopic bone formation from intrinsic physiologic processes and environment only. This method could prove instrumental in understanding the inflammatory and osteogenic pathways involved in trauma-induced HO. Furthermore, because HO develops in a predictable location and time-course in this model, it allows for research to improve early imaging strategies and treatment modalities to prevent HO formation.

An Achilles tenotomy and burn injury model of heterotopic ossification allows for the reliable study of trauma induced ectopic bone formation without the application of exogenous factors.

异位骨化直接鼠标创伤/烧伤模型

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the formation of bone outside of the skeleton which forms following major trauma, burn injuries, and orthopaedic surgical ...

A Novel Microsurgical Model for Heterotopic, En Bloc Chest Wall, Thymus, and Heart Transplantation in Mice

Exploration of novel strategies in organ transplantation to prolong allograft survival and minimizing the need for long-term maintenance immunosuppression must be pursued. Employing vascularized bone marrow transplantation and co-transplantation of the thymus have shown promise in this regard in various animal models.1-11 Vascularized bone marrow transplantation allows for the uninterrupted transfer of donor bone marrow cells within the preserved donor microenvironment, and the incorporation of thymus tissue with vascularized bone marrow transplantation has shown to increase T-cell chimerism ultimately playing a supportive role in the induction of immune regulation. The combination of solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation can uniquely combine these strategies in the form of a novel transplant model. Murine models serve as an excellent paradigm to explore the mechanisms of acute and chronic rejection, chimerism, and tolerance induction, thus providing the foundation to propagate superior allograft survival strategies for larger animal models and future clinical application. Herein, we developed a novel heterotopic en bloc chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant model in mice using a cervical non-suture cuff technique. The experience in syngeneic and allogeneic transplant settings is described for future broader immunological investigations via an instructional manuscript and video supplement.

To study combined solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation, we describe a novel heterotopic en bloc chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant model in mice using a cervical non-suture cuff technique.

一种新的显微模型异位，整块胸壁，胸腺，和心脏移植小鼠

Exploration of novel strategies in organ transplantation to prolong allograft survival and minimizing the need for long-term maintenance immunosuppression ...

A Model of Free Tissue Transfer: The Rat Epigastric Free Flap

Free tissue transfer has been increasingly used in clinical practice since the 1970s, allowing reconstruction of complex and otherwise untreatable defects resulting from tumor extirpation, trauma, infections, malformations or burns. Free flaps are particularly useful for reconstructing highly complex anatomical regions, like those of the head and neck, the hand, the foot and the perineum. Moreover, basic and translational research in the area of free tissue transfer is of great clinical potential. Notwithstanding, surgical trainees and researchers are frequently deterred from using microsurgical models of tissue transfer, due to lack of information regarding the technical aspects involved in the operative procedures. The aim of this paper is to present the steps required to transfer a fasciocutaneous epigastric free flap to the neck in the rat.
This flap is based on the superficial epigastric artery and vein, which originates from and drain into the femoral artery and vein, respectively. On average the caliber of the superficial epigastric vein is 0.6 to 0.8 mm, contrasting with the 0.3 to 0.5 mm of the superficial epigastric artery. Histologically, the flap is a composite block of tissues, containing skin (epidermis and dermis), a layer of fat tissue (panniculus adiposus), a layer of striated muscle (panniculus carnosus), and a layer of loose areolar tissue.
Succinctly, the epigastric flap is raised on its pedicle vessels that are then anastomosed to the external jugular vein and to the carotid artery on the ventral surface of the rat's neck. According to our experience, this model guarantees the complete survival of approximately 70 to 80% of epigastric flaps transferred to the neck region. The flap can be evaluated whenever needed by visual inspection. Hence, the authors believe this is a good experimental model for microsurgical research and training.

This paper describes the steps required to raise a fasciocutaneous epigastric free flap and transfer it to the neck in the rat.

游离组织移植的模型：鼠上腹部游离皮瓣

Free tissue transfer has been increasingly used in clinical practice since the 1970s, allowing reconstruction of complex and otherwise untreatable defects ...

Severe Burn Injury in a Swine Model for Clinical Dressing Assessment

Wound healing is a dynamic repair process and is the most complex biological process in human life. In response to burn injury, alterations in biological pathways impair the inflammation response, resulting in delayed wound healing. Impaired wound healing frequently occurs in patients with diabetes leading to unfavorable outcomes such as amputation. Hence, dressings having beneficial effect in promoting burn wound repair are needed. However, studies on burn wound treatment are limited due to lack of proper animal models. Our previous study demonstrated wound-healing performance in rat and swine models using a minimally invasive surgical technique. This study aimed to demonstrate a swine model of severe burn injury that eliminates wound contraction and more closely approximates the human processes of re-epithelialization and new tissue formation. This protocol provides a detailed procedure for creating consistent burn wounds and examining the wound-healing performance under the treatment of an experimental dressing in a swine model. Six burn wounds were created symmetrically on the dorsum, which were covered with a clinical dressing composed of four layers: an inner contact layer of experimental materials, an inner intermediate layer of waterproof film, an outer intermediate layer of gauze, and an outer layer of adhesive plaster. Upon the completion of experiments, wound closure, wound area, and Vancouver Scar Scale score were examined. The samples of skin resected from each animal post-sacrifice were histologically prepared and stained using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Antibacterial activity of each dressing in the context of wound healing was also examined. The application of the clinical dressing to the wounds in swine model mimics the biological processes of human wound healing with respect to the processes of epithelialization, cellular proliferation, and angiogenesis. Therefore, this swine model provides an easy-to-learn, cost-effective, and robust method to assess the effect of clinical dressings in severe burn injury.

To closely mimic the mode of burn injuries requires the interplay between clinical observation and studies in animal models. In this study, a swine model of severe burn injury was established to assess an experimental dressing in physiological and pathophysiological settings.

猪临床敷料评价模型中的严重烧伤

Wound healing is a dynamic repair process and is the most complex biological process in human life. In response to burn injury, alterations in biological ...

Corneal Epithelial Abrasion with Ocular Burr As a Model for Cornea Wound Healing

The murine cornea provides an excellent model to study wound healing. The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye, and thus is the first defense to injury. In fact, the most common type of eye injury found in clinic is a corneal abrasion. Here, we utilize an ocular burr to induce an abrasion resulting in removal of the corneal epithelium in vivo on anesthetized mice. This method allows for targeted and reproducible epithelial disruption, leaving other areas intact. In addition, we describe the visualization of the abraded epithelium with fluorescein staining and provide concrete advice on how to visualize the abraded cornea. Then, we follow the timeline of wound healing 0, 18, and 72 h after abrasion, until the wound is re-epithelialized. The epithelial abrasion model of corneal injury is ideal for studies on epithelial cell proliferation, migration and re-epithelialization of the corneal layers. However, this method is not optimal to study stromal activation during wound healing, because the ocular burr does not penetrate to the stromal cell layers. This method is also suitable for clinical applications, for example, pre-clinical test of drug effectiveness.

This protocol describes a method to inflict an abrasion to the ocular surface of the mouse, and to follow the wound healing process thereafter. The protocol takes advantage of an ocular burr to partially remove the surface epithelium of the eye in anaesthetized mice.

眼毛刺角膜上皮磨损与角膜创面愈合的模型研究

The murine cornea provides an excellent model to study wound healing. The cornea is the outermost layer of the eye, and thus is the first defense to ...

Employing the Forced Oscillation Technique for the Assessment of Respiratory Mechanics in Adults

There is increasing interest in the use of the forced oscillation technique (FOT) or oscillometry to characterize respiratory mechanics in healthy and diseased individuals. FOT, a complementary method to traditional pulmonary function testing, utilizes a range of oscillatory frequencies superimposed on tidal breathing to measure the functional relationship between airway pressure and flow. This passive assessment provides an estimate of respiratory system resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs) that reflect airway caliber and energy storage and dissipation, respectively. Despite the recent increase in popularity and updated Technical Standards, clinical adoption has been slow which relates, in part, to the lack of standardization regarding the acquisition and reporting of FOT data. The goal of this article is to address the lack of standardization across laboratories by providing a comprehensive written protocol for FOT and an accompanying video. To illustrate that this protocol can be utilized irrespective of a particular device, three separate FOT devices have been employed in the case examples and video demonstration. This effort is intended to standardize the use and interpretation of FOT, provide practical suggestions, as well as highlight future questions that need to be addressed.

As the use of forced oscillation technique (FOT) is increasingly utilized to characterize respiratory mechanics, there is a need to standardize methods with respect to nascent technical guidelines and various manufacturer's recommendations. A detailed protocol is provided including FOT assessment and interpretation for two cases to facilitate the standardization of methods.

采用强制振荡技术评估成人呼吸力学

There is increasing interest in the use of the forced oscillation technique (FOT) or oscillometry to characterize respiratory mechanics in healthy and ...

Endotracheal Intubation Using a Flexible Intubation Endoscope as a Standardized Model for Safe Airway Management in Swine

Endotracheal intubation is often a basic requirement for translational research in porcine models for various interventions that require a secured airway or high ventilation pressures. Endotracheal intubation is a challenging skill,&#160;requiring a minimum number of successful endotracheal intubations to achieve a high success rate under optimal conditions, which is often unachievable for non-anaesthesiology researchers. Due to the specific porcine airway anatomy, a difficult airway can usually be assumed. The impossibility of establishing a secure airway can result in injury, adverse events, or death of the laboratory animal. Using a prospective, randomized, controlled evaluation approach, it has been shown that fiberoptic-assisted endotracheal intubation takes longer but has a higher first-pass success rate than conventional intubation without causing clinically relevant drops in oxygen saturation. This model presents a standardized regimen for endoscopically guided endotracheal intubation, providing a secured airway, especially for researchers who are inexperienced in the technique of endotracheal intubation via direct laryngoscopy. This procedure is expected to minimize animal suffering and unnecessary animal losses.

The use of pigs in research has increased in recent years. Nevertheless, pigs are characterized by difficult airway anatomy. By demonstrating how to perform endoscopically guided endotracheal intubation, the present protocol aims to further increase laboratory animals' safety to avoid animal suffering and unnecessary death.

使用柔性插管内窥镜作为猪安全气道管理的标准化模型的气管插管

Endotracheal intubation is often a basic requirement for translational research in porcine models for various interventions that require a secured airway ...

开发用于研究口鼻瘘的有效小鼠模型

Establishment of an Oronasal Fistula Mice Model

This study presents a method utilizing heated ophthalmologic cautery to develop a viable model for investigating oronasal fistulas. C57BL/6 mice were used to establish the oronasal fistula (ONF) model. To create the ONF, the mice were anesthetized, immobilized, and their hard palates were exposed. During the surgical procedure, a 2.0 x 1.5 mm full-thickness mucosal injury was induced in the midline of the hard palate using ophthalmologic cautery. It was crucial to control the size of the ONF and minimize bleeding in order to ensure the success of the experiment. Verification of the ONF model's effectiveness was conducted on the 7th-day post-operation, encompassing both anatomical and functional assessments. The presence of the nasal septum within the oral cavity and the outflow of sterile water from the nostrils upon injection into the oral cavity confirmed the successful establishment of the ONF model. The model demonstrated a practical and successful oronasal fistula, characterized by a low mortality rate, significant weight changes, and minimal variation in ONF size. Future studies may consider adopting this methodology to elucidate the mechanisms of palate wound healing and explore novel treatments for oronasal fistulas.

作者聚焦：研究小鼠口鼻瘘模型的伤口愈合 

This article outlines a step-by-step procedure for establishing a mice model with an oronasal fistula. The oronasal fistula was created by employing heated ophthalmologic cautery to damage the midline portion of the hard palate, resulting in the formation of an opening between the oral and nasal cavities.

口鼻瘘小鼠模型的建立

This study presents a method utilizing heated ophthalmologic cautery to develop a viable model for investigating oronasal fistulas. C57BL/6 mice were used ...