magnetic bead grafting in the zebrafish cardiac lumen for controlled force amplification: unraveling mechanotransduction in heart valve development

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>在斑马鱼心脏中使用磁珠的体内机械转导研究

Since its introduction in the late 1970s1, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a powerful model system for studying the intricacies of cardiac development and congenital heart disorders. Unlike most vertebrates, including mouse and chick embryos, which rely on a functional cardiovascular system and cannot survive early heart defects, zebrafish provide a unique advantage by enabling the investigation of severe heart phenotypes. This is due to their small size, which facilitates sufficient oxygen supply through passive diffusion, allowing survival even in the absence of heart contraction and active blood circulation2,3,4. Furthermore, among the many significant features of zebrafish is the optical transparency of their embryos, which enables non-invasive monitoring of the developing heart5,6,7,8.
Mechanical forces continuously provide feedback to the heart valve morphogenetic programs9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22, and aberrant blood flow is widely acknowledged as a shared factor in various cardiovascular disorders23,24. In zebrafish, cardiac valve development relies on heart contraction and mechanical forces generated by the beating heart. Multiple zebrafish mutants have demonstrated the significance of heart-generated mechanical stimuli in valvulogenesis. Remarkably, the complete absence of heart contraction and, consequently, blood flow due to mutations of cardiac troponin T (tnnt2) in silent heart (sih) mutants results in the absence of tissue convergence and endocardial cell (EdC) clustering during early morphogenetic stages25.
Intracardiac hemodynamics and mechanical forces generated by the blood flow emerge as fundamental epigenetic components shaping the development of the zebrafish embryonic heart. Numerous studies suggest that proper cardiac morphogenesis in zebrafish requires distinct flow stimuli, and deviations from these physiological patterns lead to heart valve defects10,13,14,22,26. Here, we describe an effective method, adapted from Fukui et al.13, to manipulate mechanical forces in vivo by grafting a 30 &#181;m to 60 &#181;m diameter magnetic bead within the developing zebrafish beating heart. The technique involves microsurgical insertion of a bead into the cardiac lumen of anesthetized larvae without perturbing heart function. The presence of the bead leads to the amplification of the mechanical forces experienced by EdCs, directly triggering mechanical stimulus-dependent calcium influx13. This approach enables the investigation of mechanotransduction pathways that regulate heart morphogenesis and offers a means to deepen our understanding of the role of mechanical forces in valve formation.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦：了解塑造斑马鱼心脏所涉及的机械力

使用磁珠操纵发育中的斑马鱼心脏中的机械力

斑马鱼心脏管腔中的磁珠移植用于受控力放大：揭示心脏瓣膜发育中的机械转导

magnetic-bead-grafting-zebrafish-cardiac-lumen-for-controlled-force

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Magnetic Bead Grafting in the Zebrafish Cardiac Lumen for Controlled Force Amplification: Unraveling Mechanotransduction in Heart Valve Development

575 次观看. 首先，将 3 到 6 个去绒毛膜的胚胎放入含有补充有 0.02% 三卡因的 Danios 培养基的培养皿中。麻醉胚胎后，将它们转移到 35 x 15 毫米的玻璃底培养皿中，培养基最少。快速加入 300 至 400 μL 含三卡因的 1% 低熔点琼脂糖，形成圆顶。使用镊子定位胚胎，使它们与玻璃笔直接触，腹侧朝上。接下来，在琼脂糖顶部沉积大约 0.5 μL 的磁珠。然后在琼脂糖...

视频: 斑马鱼心脏管腔中的磁珠移植用于受控力放大：揭示心脏瓣膜发育中的机械转导

Manipulating Mechanical Forces in the Developing Zebrafish Heart Using Magnetic Beads

Mechanical forces continuously provide feedback to heart valve morphogenetic programs. In zebrafish, cardiac valve development relies on heart contraction and physical stimuli generated by the beating heart. Intracardiac hemodynamics, driven by blood flow, emerge as fundamental information shaping the development of the embryonic heart. Here, we describe an effective method to manipulate mechanical forces in vivo by grafting a 30 &#181;m to 60 &#181;m diameter magnetic bead in the cardiac lumen. The insertion of the bead is conducted through microsurgery in anesthetized larvae without perturbing heart function and enables artificial alteration of the boundary conditions, thereby modifying flow forces in the system. As a result, the presence of the bead amplifies the mechanical forces experienced by endocardial cells and can directly trigger mechanical stimulus-dependent calcium influx. This approach facilitates the investigation of mechanotransduction pathways that govern heart development and can provide insights into the role of mechanical forces in cardiac valve morphogenesis.

This protocol outlines a method for grafting a magnetic bead into the developing zebrafish heart through microsurgery, enabling the manipulation of mechanical forces in vivo and triggering mechanical stimulus-dependent calcium influx in endocardial cells.

Mechanical forces continuously provide feedback to heart valve morphogenetic programs. In zebrafish, cardiac valve development relies on heart contraction ...