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All procedures involving sample collection have been performed in accordance with the institute&#39;s IRB guidelines.
1. Isolation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs)
<ol>
	<li>Centrifuge 25 ml&#160;of the participants&#39; heparinized blood at 900 x g for 15 min, as soon as possible after the blood extraction. If there is less blood, scale down the reagents accordingly. Perform all the next steps in a hood.</li>
	<li>Transfer the serum to a clean tube. It can be u...

generating recombinant monoclonal antibodies from mammalian cell cultures

Source: Nogales-Gadea, G. et al., <a href="https://app.jove.com/v/52830">Generation of Recombinant Human IgG Monoclonal Antibodies from Immortalized Sorted B Cells.</a>&#160;J. Vis. Exp.&#160;(2015)
This video demonstrates a method of antibody generation from mammalian cells by introducing plasmid vectors with heavy and light chain genes. These vectors interact with polyethylenimine and enter the cells by forming polyplexes; later, they are translated into individual proteins and assembled into complete antibodies, which are secreted into the extracellular medium.

Generating Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies From Mammalian Cell Cultures

All procedures involving sample collection have been performed in accordance with the institute&#39;s IRB guidelines.
1. Isolation of Peripheral Blood ...

Prepare a transfection mix by adding an appropriate cationic polymer and separate plasmid vectors for heavy-chain and light-chain antibody genes.
The positively charged polymer binds with the negatively charged plasmids, forming complexes.
Add this transfection mix to a multi-well plate containing human embryonic kidney cell culture in a serum-free medium and incubate.
The complexes enter the cells through endocytosis, causing endosomal swelling and rupture, releasing them into the cytoplasm.
The cationic polymer produces pores in the nuclear membrane, facilitating vector entry and enabling their transcription, followed by translation into heavy- and light-chain proteins.
These proteins move to the endoplasmic reticulum, where heavy- and light-chain proteins are dimerized and covalently linked by disulfide bonds, forming antibodies.
Antibodies travel to the Golgi apparatus for additional post-translational modifications and are packaged into vesicles for extracellular release.
Collect the medium containing the released antibodies. Add a serum-free medium for continued antibody generation.

generating-recombinant-monoclonal-antibodies-from-mammalian-cell

Research

JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments

Immunology

Antibody-Based Technologies

Production and Purification

Generation of Murine Monoclonal Antibodies by Hybridoma Technology

Monoclonal antibodies are universal binding molecules and are widely used in biomedicine and research. Nevertheless, the generation of these binding molecules is time-consuming and laborious due to the complicated handling and lack of alternatives. The aim of this protocol is to provide one standard method for the generation of monoclonal antibodies using hybridoma technology. This technology combines two steps. Step 1 is an appropriate immunization of the animal and step 2 is the fusion of B lymphocytes with immortal myeloma cells in order to generate hybrids possessing both parental functions, such as the production of antibody molecules and immortality. The generated hybridoma cells were then recloned and diluted to obtain stable monoclonal cell cultures secreting the desired monoclonal antibody in the culture supernatant. The supernatants were tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for antigen specificity. After the selection of appropriate cell clones, the cells were transferred to mass cultivation in order to produce the desired antibody molecule in large amounts. The purification of the antibodies is routinely performed by affinity chromatography. After purification, the antibody molecule can be characterized and validated for the final test application. The whole process takes 8 to 12 months of development, and there is a high risk that the antibody will not work in the desired test system.

An optimized protocol is presented for the generation of monoclonal antibodies based on the hybridoma technology. Mice were immunized with an immunoconjugate. Spleen cells were fused by PEG and an electric impulse with immortal myeloma cells. Antibody-producing hybridoma cells were selected by HAT and antigen-specific ELISA screening.

Monoclonal antibodies are universal binding molecules and are widely used in biomedicine and research. Nevertheless, the generation of these binding ...

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Generation of Discriminative Human Monoclonal Antibodies from Rare Antigen-specific B Cells Circulating in Blood

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are powerful tools useful for both fundamental research and in biomedicine. Their high specificity is indispensable when the antibody needs to distinguish between highly related structures (e.g., a normal protein and a mutated version thereof). The current way of generating such discriminative mAbs involves extensive screening of multiple Ab-producing B cells, which is both costly and time consuming. We propose here a rapid and cost-effective method for the generation of discriminative, fully human mAbs starting from human blood circulating B lymphocytes. The originality of this strategy is due to the selection of specific antigen binding B cells combined with the counter-selection of all other cells, using readily available Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC). Once specific B cells are isolated, cDNA (complementary deoxyribonucleic acid) sequences coding for the corresponding mAb are obtained using single cell Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) technology and subsequently expressed in human cells. Within as little as 1 month, it is possible to produce milligrams of highly discriminative human mAbs directed against virtually any desired antigen naturally detected by the B cell repertoire.

We describe a method for the production of human antibodies specific for an antigen of interest, starting from rare B cells circulating in human blood. Generation of these natural antibodies is efficient and rapid, and the antibodies obtained can discriminate between highly related antigens.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are powerful tools useful for both fundamental research and in biomedicine. Their high specificity is indispensable when the ...

High Yield Expression of Recombinant Human Proteins with the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension

The art of producing recombinant proteins with complex post-translational modifications represents a major challenge for studies of structure and function. The rapid establishment and high recovery from transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines addresses this barrier and is an effective means of expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway. Here is one protocol for protein expression using the human HEK293F and HEK293S cell lines transfected with a mammalian expression vector designed for high protein yields. The applicability of this system is demonstrated using three representative glycoproteins that expressed with yields between 95-120 mg of purified protein recovered per liter of culture. These proteins are the human Fc&#947;RIIIa and the rat &#945;2-6 sialyltransferase, ST6GalI, both expressed with an N-terminal GFP fusion, as well as the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 Fc. This robust system utilizes a serum-free medium that is adaptable for expression of isotopically enriched proteins and carbohydrates for structural studies using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the composition of the N-glycan can be tuned by adding a small molecule to prevent certain glycan modifications in a manner that does not reduce yield.

Laboratory-scale production of eukaryotic proteins with appropriate post-translational modification represents a significant barrier. Here is a robust protocol with rapid establishment and turnaround for protein expression using a mammalian expression system. This system supports selective amino acid, selective labeling of proteins and small molecule modulators of glycan composition.

Generating Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies From Mammalian Cell Cultures

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