Name: ordering single cells and single embryos in 3d confinement: a new device for high content screening
Uploaded: 2016-09-18T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 14 min 22 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ordering Single Cells and Single Embryos in 3D Confinement: A New Device for High Content Screening at JoVE.com

我们承认L. Brino（IGBMC高内涵筛选设备，伊尔基希，法国）为我们提供了抗Giantin抗体，M. Labouesse实验室。为C.线虫 （IGBMC）和B塞拉芬实验室。对芽殖酵母（IGBMC），E帕卢赫和A.海曼荧光灯HeLa细胞（MPI-CBG，德累斯顿），J·莫斯利（达特茅斯医学院）和JQ吴（俄亥俄州立大学）的裂殖酵母细胞; A.饭店Hoel和F Evenou实验的帮助下，里克C.（IBMC，斯特拉斯堡，法国）的技术的帮助下，和JC JEANNOT（飞秒日，法国）在微细的帮助。这项工作是由来自法国国家科学研究中心，斯特拉斯堡大学，Conectus资金的支持，拉基金会倒拉RECHERCHE MEDICALE和斯特拉斯堡的CI-FRC。

<ol>
	<li>Cukierman, E., Pankov, R., Stevens, D. R., Yamada, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Taking+Cell-Matrix+Adhesions+to+the+Third+Dimension.">Taking Cell-Matrix Adhesions to the Third Dimension.</a> Science. 294, 1708-1712 (2001).</li><li>Azioune, A., Storch, M., Bornens, M., Thery, M., Piel, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simple+and+rapid+process+for+single+cell+micro-patterning.">Simple and rapid process for single cell micro-patterning.</a> Lab Chip. 9, 1640-1642 (2009).</li><li>Mandal, K., Balland, M., Bureau, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thermoresponsive+Micropatterned+Substrates+for+Single+Cell+Studies.">Thermoresponsive Micropatterned Substrates for Single Cell Studies.</a> PLoS ONE. 7, e37548 (2012).</li><li>Pampaloni, F., Reynaud, E. G., Stelzer, E. H. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+third+dimension+bridges+the+gap+between+cell+culture+and+live+tissue.">The third dimension bridges the gap between cell culture and live tissue.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 8, 839-845 (2007).</li><li>Baker, B. M., Chen, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deconstructing+the+third+dimension:+how+3D+culture+microenvironments+alter+cellular+cues.">Deconstructing the third dimension: how 3D culture microenvironments alter cellular cues.</a> J Cell Sci. , (2012).</li><li>Ghibaudo, M., Di Meglio, J. M., Hersen, P., Ladoux, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanics+of+cell+spreading+within+3D-micropatterned+environments.">Mechanics of cell spreading within 3D-micropatterned environments.</a> Lab Chip. 11, 805-812 (2010).</li><li>Greiner, A. M., Richter, B., Bastmeyer, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micro-Engineered+3D+Scaffolds+for+Cell+Culture+Studies.">Micro-Engineered 3D Scaffolds for Cell Culture Studies.</a> Macromol Biosci. 12, 1301-1314 (2012).</li><li>Khetan, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Degradation-mediated+cellular+traction+directs+stem+cell+fate+in+covalently+crosslinked+three-dimensional+hydrogels.">Degradation-mediated cellular traction directs stem cell fate in covalently crosslinked three-dimensional hydrogels.</a> Nat Mater. 12, 458-465 (2013).</li><li>Legant, W. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+mechanical+tractions+exerted+by+cells+in+three-dimensional+matrices.">Measurement of mechanical tractions exerted by cells in three-dimensional matrices.</a> Nat Meth. 7, 969-971 (2010).</li><li>Riveline, D., Buguin, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Devices and methods for observing the cell division. , (2010).</li><li>Ochsner, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micro-well+arrays+for+3D+shape+control+and+high+resolution+analysis+of+single+cells.">Micro-well arrays for 3D shape control and high resolution analysis of single cells.</a> Lab Chip. 7, 1074-1077 (2007).</li><li>Riveline, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Devices and methods for observing cells with cell wall or invertebrate embryos with oblong eggshell . , (2012).</li><li>Riveline, D., Wollrab, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Devices and methods for observing eukaryotic cells without cell wall. , (2012).</li><li>Zanella, F., Lorens, J. B., Link, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+content+screening:+seeing+is+believing.">High content screening: seeing is believing.</a> Trends Biotech. 28, 237-245 (2010).</li><li>Wolfe, D., Qin, D., Whitesides, G., Hughes, M. P., Hoettges, K. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microengineering+in+Biotechnology,+Ch+3.">Microengineering in Biotechnology, Ch 3.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 583, 81-107 (2010).</li><li>Mehling, M., Tay, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+cell+culture.">Microfluidic cell culture.</a> Curr Op Biotech. 25, 95-102 (2014).</li><li>Wollrab, V., Thiagarajan, R., Wald, A., Kruse, K., Riveline, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Still+and+rotating+myosin+clusters+determine+cytokinetic+ring+constriction.">Still and rotating myosin clusters determine cytokinetic ring constriction.</a> Nat Commun. 7, 11860-11869 (2016).</li><li>Yao, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+analysis+of+single+cells+identifies+a+rare+subset+of+circulating+tumor+cells+with+malignant+traits.">Functional analysis of single cells identifies a rare subset of circulating tumor cells with malignant traits.</a> Integr Biol. 6, 388-398 (2014).</li><li>Eberwine, J., Sul, J. Y., Bartfai, T., Kim, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+promise+of+single-cell+sequencing.">The promise of single-cell sequencing.</a> Nat Meth. 11, 25-27 (2014).</li><li>Allen, T. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+cell-free+extracts+of+Xenopus+eggs+and+demembranated+sperm+chromatin+for+the+assembly+and+isolation+of+in+vitro-formed+nuclei+for+Western+blotting+and+scanning+electron+microscopy+(SEM).">Generation of cell-free extracts of Xenopus eggs and demembranated sperm chromatin for the assembly and isolation of in vitro-formed nuclei for Western blotting and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).</a> Nat. Protocols. 2, 1173-1179 (2007).</li><li>Robbins, E., Marcus, P. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitotically+Synchronized+Mammalian+Cells:+a+Simple+Method+for+Obtaining+Large+Populations.">Mitotically Synchronized Mammalian Cells: a Simple Method for Obtaining Large Populations.</a> Science. 144, (1964).</li><li>Whitfield, M. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem-loop+binding+protein,+the+protein+that+binds+the+3&amp;#34;+end+of+histone+mRNA,+is+cell+cycle+regulated+by+both+translational+and+posttranslational+mechanisms.">Stem-loop binding protein, the protein that binds the 3&amp;#34; end of histone mRNA, is cell cycle regulated by both translational and posttranslational mechanisms.</a> Molecular and Cellular Biology. 20, (2000).</li><li>Straight, A. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dissecting+Temporal+and+Spatial+Control+of+Cytokinesis+with+a+Myosin+II+Inhibitor.">Dissecting Temporal and Spatial Control of Cytokinesis with a Myosin II Inhibitor.</a> Science. 299, 1743-1747 (2003).</li><li>Tang, J., Erikson, R. L., Liu, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Checkpoint+kinase+1+(Chk1)+is+required+for+mitotic+progression+through+negative+regulation+of+polo-like+kinase+1+(Plk1).">Checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) is required for mitotic progression through negative regulation of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1).</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci. 103, 11964-11969 (2006).</li><li>Zahreddine, H., Zhang, H., Diogon, M., Nagamatsu, Y., Labouesse, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CRT-1/Calreticulin+and+the+E3+Ligase+EEL-1/HUWE1+Control+Hemidesmosome+Maturation+in+C.+elegans+Development.">CRT-1/Calreticulin and the E3 Ligase EEL-1/HUWE1 Control Hemidesmosome Maturation in C. elegans Development.</a> Curr Biol. 20, 322-327 (2010).</li><li>Porta-de-la-Riva, M., Fontrodona, L., Villanueva, A., Ceron, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Basic+Caenorhabditis+elegans+Methods:+Synchronization+and+Observation.">Basic Caenorhabditis elegans Methods: Synchronization and Observation.</a> JoVE. , e4019 (2012).</li><li>Saha, S., Pollard, T. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anillin-related+protein+Mid1p+coordinates+the+assembly+of+the+cytokinetic+contractile+ring+in+fission+yeast.">Anillin-related protein Mid1p coordinates the assembly of the cytokinetic contractile ring in fission yeast.</a> Mol Biol Cell. 23, 3982-3992 (2012).</li><li>Prestwich, G. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluating+Drug+Efficacy+and+Toxicology+in+Three+Dimensions:+Using+Synthetic+Extracellular+Matrices+in+Drug+Discovery.">Evaluating Drug Efficacy and Toxicology in Three Dimensions: Using Synthetic Extracellular Matrices in Drug Discovery.</a> Acc Chem Res. 41, 139-148 (2007).</li><li>Futamura, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Morphobase,+an+Encyclopedic+Cell+Morphology+Database,+and+Its+Use+for+Drug+Target+Identification.">Morphobase, an Encyclopedic Cell Morphology Database, and Its Use for Drug Target Identification.</a> Chem Biol. 19, 1620-1630 (2012).</li></ol>

我们什么都没有透露。

副本成形，为了制造"eggcups"使用。的制造过程中不需要清洁室;它是容易和简单，但也有一些实践可能是需要的。具体地，释放PDMS压模是为了生产高品质&#39;eggcups&#39;的一个大的面积中最关键的步骤。由于这个原因，特别小心在这一步骤才能作出。如果这一步失败反复，考虑到优化之前的硅烷化和等离子结合等离子清洗机的参数。硅烷化不足，会导致邮票的PDMS膜粘着强。如果发生此种情况，培养?...

当前在体外基于细胞的测定是二维（2D）。这种构造是不自然的哺乳动物细胞，因此不是生理有关1;细胞显示的形状，大小和异构表型的多样性。当应用于筛选应用，如平面和细胞器的极端的表型（应力纤维，特别是）内的无序分布它们呈现额外严重的局限性。这是在药物测试，在高预算每年花在临床试验尤为重要。当因为在药物筛选的初期阶段人工2D培养条件适用于动物模型大多数这些药物​​虽然失败。另外，通过使用这种方法，具体细胞器无法正常显现，如细胞有丝分裂期间cytokinetic肌动球蛋白环，一般认为是在平面垂直演进到观察平面结构。一些新的二维测定人为了克服上述缺点和重要的见解上细胞骨架组织已经观察到2,3被提出。但是，这些检测仍然存在一个严重的局限性:细胞表现出非常价差表型相反的是， 在体内 ，其中细胞呈现出3D架构观察。与培养法相关的这些文物可能引发非生理功能，如增强的应力纤维1,4,5。 时相比2D环境6,7-三维细胞培养测定提供多个优点。它们是生理上更相关的，并且结果是因此有意义。作为一个例子，嵌在水凝胶细胞显示3D状结构，但它们的形态从一个小区的不同而不同8,9。然而，它们的形态从一个小区到另一个，其中筛选应用复杂不同。另一种策略是嵌入单细胞微制造的腔10,11。然后细胞位置，形状，极性和内部细胞组织可以成为标准化。除了 ​​提供类似3D的架构，细胞，微腔还允许高内涵筛选研究10,12-14;单电池可以订购成微阵列和细胞器和它们的演进可以并行进行观察。这个规律提供了较低的细胞数量和更好的时间/空间分辨率良好的统计数据。有用的化合物是更容易识别可靠。 在这项研究中，我们显示了高内涵筛选应用10,12,13制作和全新的3D般的单细胞培养系统中的应用。该装置由弹性微腔（10 5腔/厘米2），创造&#39;eggcups"（EC）的阵列。在这项工作中的尺寸和EC的总体积进行优​​化，个人NIH3T3细胞和HeLa细胞的典型体积在细胞分裂过程。圆柱形 - - 腔形态被选择为活动进程的可视化的正确东方细胞形状。复制品成型用于图案EC的阵列上附着在玻璃的薄聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）层盖玻片15,16。细胞通过离心在欧盟出台。我们在2D使用相同的细胞相比在这里报告的观察和三维（EC）细胞器（应力纤维，高尔基体和胞核）正常化（平）表面。我们还报告，积极动力过程的观察，如cytokinetic肌动球蛋白环的细胞有丝分裂过程中17封。最后，我们表明与刚性壁，如出芽酵母，裂殖酵母和C的其它系统这种方法的结果线虫胚胎这证实了我们的方法是否适用于广泛的模型系统。 接下来我们提出一个详细而详尽的protocol为了制造和应用三维微细加工的"eggcups"。我们的方法是简单，并不需要一个干净的房间。我们预计，这一新方法将成为药物筛选试验和个性化的医学特别有意思，在更换培养皿。最后，我们的设备将用于癌症18或在基础研究19研究的细胞响应的分布对外部刺激，例如有用。

<table><tbody><tr><td>ddH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;0 (ultrapure)</td><td>Millipore</td><td>-</td><td>Use always fresh water.</td></tr><tr><td>Parafilm (plastic film)</td><td>Bemis</td><td>PM-999</td><td>Adhere Parafilm to the lab bench using some water droplets and ensure a perfect surface flatness.</td></tr><tr><td>Photo-mask</td><td>Selba</td><td>-</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.selba.ch/&quot; name=&quot;RANGE!D4&quot;&gt;http://www.selba.ch&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Silicon wafer</td><td>Siltronix</td><td>-</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.siltronix.com/&quot;&gt;http://www.siltronix.com/&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>SU-8 photoresist</td><td>MicroChem</td><td>2000 series</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.microchem.com/Prod-SU82000.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.microchem.com/Prod-SU82000.htm&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>working in a fumehood is required; check the data sheet from the manufacturer for more information.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SU-8 developer</td><td>MicroChem</td><td>-</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://microchem.com/Prod-Ancillaries.htm&quot;&gt;http://microchem.com/Prod-Ancillaries.htm&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>working in a fumehood is required; check the data sheet from the manufacturer for more information</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2-propanol</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>19030</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/i9030?lang=en&amp;amp;region=CA&quot;&gt;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/i9030?lang=en&amp;amp;region=CA&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Available from multiple companies.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sigmacote (siliconizing reagent )</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>SL2-25ML</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/sl2?lang=fr&amp;amp;region=FR&quot;&gt;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/sl2?lang=fr&amp;amp;region=FR&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>harmful, working in a fumehood is required; check the data sheet from the manufacturer for more information.&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Chlorotrimethylsilane (TMCS)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>386529-100ML</td><td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/386529?lang=fr&amp;amp;region=FR&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">TMCS produces acute inhalation and dermal toxicity, and is highly flammable (with ignition flashback able to occur across considerable distances), consequently it should be used in a fume cupboard away from sources of ignition</td></tr><tr><td>Nitrile gloves</td><td>Kleenguard</td><td>57372</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.kcprofessional.com/products/ppe/hand-gloves/thin-mil-/57372-kleenguard-g10-blue-nitrile-gloves-m&quot;&gt;http://www.kcprofessional.com/products/ppe/hand-gloves/thin-mil-/57372-kleenguard-g10-blue-nitrile-gloves-m&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Available from multiple companies.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glass coverslips #0</td><td>Knittel glass</td><td>KN00010022593</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.knittelglass.com/index_e.htm&quot;&gt;http://www.knittelglass.com/index_e.htm&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Very fragile. Manipulate gently.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sharp straight tweezers</td><td>SPI</td><td>0WSSS-XD</td><td>http://www.2spi.com/catalog/tweezers/t/elec7</td></tr><tr><td>50 ml tube</td><td>BD Falcon</td><td>352070</td><td>http://www.bdbiosciences.com/cellculture/tubes/features/index.jsp</td></tr><tr><td>Available from multiple companies.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PDMS</td><td>Dow Corning</td><td>Sylgard 184 kit</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dowcorning.com/applications/search/default.aspx?R=131EN&quot;&gt;http://www.dowcorning.com/applications/search/default.aspx?R=131EN&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>The package contains both PDMS base and curing agent. Similar elastomers are available from multiple companies.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Microscope glass slides</td><td>Dutscher</td><td>100001</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dutscher.com/frontoffice/search&quot;&gt;http://www.dutscher.com/frontoffice/search&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Available from multiple companies.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMEM high-glucose medium</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>41965-039</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/Search?LBCID=12301479&amp;amp;keyWord=41965-039&amp;amp;store=Scientific&amp;amp;nav=0&amp;amp;offSet=0&amp;amp;storeId=10652&amp;amp;langId=-1&amp;amp;fromSearchPage=1&amp;amp;searchType=PROD&quot;&gt;http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/Search?LBCID=12301479&amp;amp;keyWord=41965-039&amp;amp;store=Scientific&amp;amp;nav=0&amp;amp;offSet=0&amp;amp;storeId=10652&amp;amp;langId=-1&amp;amp;fromSearchPage=1&amp;amp;searchType=PROD&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Bovine calf serum</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>C8056-500ML</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/c8056?lang=en&amp;amp;region=CA&quot;&gt;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/c8056?lang=en&amp;amp;region=CA&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>0.25% Trypsin-EDTA</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>25200-072</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/Search?keyWord=25200-072&amp;amp;store=Scientific&amp;amp;nav=0&amp;amp;offSet=0&amp;amp;storeId=10652&amp;amp;langId=-1&amp;amp;fromSearchPage=1&amp;amp;searchType=PROD&quot;&gt;http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/Search?keyWord=25200-072&amp;amp;store=Scientific&amp;amp;nav=0&amp;amp;offSet=0&amp;amp;storeId=10652&amp;amp;langId=-1&amp;amp;fromSearchPage=1&amp;amp;searchType=PROD&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>PBS 1x</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>14200-067</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/Search?keyWord=14200-067&amp;amp;store=Scientific&amp;amp;nav=0&amp;amp;offSet=0&amp;amp;storeId=10652&amp;amp;langId=-1&amp;amp;fromSearchPage=1&amp;amp;searchType=PROD&quot;&gt;http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/Search?keyWord=14200-067&amp;amp;store=Scientific&amp;amp;nav=0&amp;amp;offSet=0&amp;amp;storeId=10652&amp;amp;langId=-1&amp;amp;fromSearchPage=1&amp;amp;searchType=PROD&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>PBS is at 10x and should be diluted to 1x using ddH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>L-15 medium</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>21083-027</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/Search?keyWord=21083-027&amp;amp;store=Scientific&amp;amp;nav=0&amp;amp;offSet=0&amp;amp;storeId=10652&amp;amp;langId=-1&amp;amp;fromSearchPage=1&amp;amp;searchType=PROD&quot;&gt;http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/Search?keyWord=21083-027&amp;amp;store=Scientific&amp;amp;nav=0&amp;amp;offSet=0&amp;amp;storeId=10652&amp;amp;langId=-1&amp;amp;fromSearchPage=1&amp;amp;searchType=PROD&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Medium for atmospheres without CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; control</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fibronectin&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>F1141-5MG</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search?interface=All&amp;amp;term=F1141-5MG&amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;region=CA&amp;amp;focus=product&amp;amp;N=0+220003048+219853082+219853286&amp;amp;mode=match%20partialmax&quot;&gt;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search?interface=All&amp;amp;term=F1141-5MG&amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;region=CA&amp;amp;focus=product&amp;amp;N=0+220003048+219853082+219853286&amp;amp;mode=match%20partialmax&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin &amp;amp; Streptomycin</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>15140-122</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/Search?keyWord=15140-122&amp;amp;store=Scientific&amp;amp;nav=0&amp;amp;offSet=0&amp;amp;storeId=10652&amp;amp;langId=-1&amp;amp;fromSearchPage=1&amp;amp;searchType=CHEM&quot;&gt;http://www.fishersci.com/ecomm/servlet/Search?keyWord=15140-122&amp;amp;store=Scientific&amp;amp;nav=0&amp;amp;offSet=0&amp;amp;storeId=10652&amp;amp;langId=-1&amp;amp;fromSearchPage=1&amp;amp;searchType=CHEM&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Petri dish P35</td><td>Greiner</td><td>627102</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.greinerbioone.com/&quot;&gt;http://www.greinerbioone.com/en/row/articles/catalogue/article/144_11/12885/&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Petri dish P60</td><td>Greiner</td><td>628163</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.greinerbioone.com/&quot;&gt;http://www.greinerbioone.com/nl/belgium/articles/catalogue/article/145_8_bl/24872/&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Petri dish P94</td><td>Greiner</td><td>633179</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.greinerbioone.com/&quot;&gt;http://www.greinerbioone.com/nl/belgium/articles/catalogue/article/146_8_bl/24882/&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Paraformaldehyde 3 %</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>P6148-500G</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/p6148?lang=fr&amp;amp;region=FR&quot;&gt;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/p6148?lang=fr&amp;amp;region=FR&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Harmful in-particular for the eyes, working in a fumehood is required; check the data sheet from the manufacturer for more information.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Triton 0.5 %</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>93443-100ML</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search?interface=All&amp;amp;term=93443-100ML&amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;region=CA&amp;amp;focus=product&amp;amp;N=0+220003048+219853082+219853286&amp;amp;mode=match%20partialmax&quot;&gt;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search?interface=All&amp;amp;term=93443-100ML&amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;region=CA&amp;amp;focus=product&amp;amp;N=0+220003048+219853082+219853286&amp;amp;mode=match%20partialmax&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Phallodin-Green Fluorescent Alexa Fluor 488</td><td>InVitrogen</td><td>A12379</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.lifetechnologies.com/order/catalog/product/A12379?CID=search-a12379&quot;&gt;http://www.lifetechnologies.com/order/catalog/product/A12379?CID=search-a12379&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>dissolve powder in 1.5 ml methanol</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alexa Fluor 647</td><td>InVitrogen</td><td>A21245</td><td>1:200 dilution in PBS 1x</td></tr><tr><td>rabbit polyclonal anti-Giantin</td><td>Abcam</td><td>ab24586</td><td>1:500 dilution in PBS 1x</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.abcam.com/giantin-antibody-ab24586.html&quot;&gt;http://www.abcam.com/giantin-antibody-ab24586.html&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>rabbit anti-anillin</td><td>Courtesy of M. Glotzer, Published in Piekny, A. J. &amp;amp; Glotzer, M. Anillin is a scaffold protein that links RhoA, actin, and myosin during cytokinesis. Current biology 18, 30&amp;ndash;6 (2008).</td><td></td><td>1:500 dilution in PBS 1x</td></tr><tr><td>Anti-phosphotyrosine</td><td>Transduction Lab</td><td>610000</td><td>http://www.bdbiosciences.com/ptProduct.jsp?ccn=610000</td></tr><tr><td>Cy3 goat anti-rabbit&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Jackson Immunoresearch</td><td>111-166-047</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.jacksonimmuno.com/catalog/catpages/fab-rab.asp&quot;&gt;http://www.jacksonimmuno.com/catalog/catpages/fab-rab.asp&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>1:1,000 dilution in PBS 1x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DAPI</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>D8417&amp;nbsp;</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/d8417?lang=fr&amp;amp;region=FR&quot;&gt;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/d8417?lang=fr&amp;amp;region=FR&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>1 mg/ml for 1 min</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Glycerol</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>G2025</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search?interface=All&amp;amp;term=G2025&amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;region=CA&amp;amp;focus=product&amp;amp;N=0+220003048+219853082+219853286&amp;amp;mode=match%20partialmax&quot;&gt;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search?interface=All&amp;amp;term=G2025&amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;region=CA&amp;amp;focus=product&amp;amp;N=0+220003048+219853082+219853286&amp;amp;mode=match%20partialmax&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Mineral oil</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>M8410-500ML</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search?interface=All&amp;amp;term=M8410-500ML&amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;region=CA&amp;amp;focus=product&amp;amp;N=0+220003048+219853082+219853286&amp;amp;mode=match%20partialmax&quot;&gt;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search?interface=All&amp;amp;term=M8410-500ML&amp;amp;lang=en&amp;amp;region=CA&amp;amp;focus=product&amp;amp;N=0+220003048+219853082+219853286&amp;amp;mode=match%20partialmax&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>HeLa cells</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>Mammalian cells are available from many companies. See also &lt;strong&gt;Table 1&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>NIH3T3 cells</td><td>ATCC</td><td>-</td><td>Mammalian cells are available from many companies. See also &lt;strong&gt;Table 1&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Fission yeast&amp;nbsp;</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>For details on strains, contact the corresponding author.&amp;nbsp; See also &lt;strong&gt;Table 1&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;em&gt;C. elegans&lt;/em&gt; worms</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>For details, contact the corresponding author.&amp;nbsp; See also &lt;strong&gt;Table 1&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>YES (Agar) + 5 Supplements included</td><td>MP Biomedicals</td><td>4101-732</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mpbio.com/search.php?q=4101-732&amp;amp;s=Search&quot;&gt;http://www.mpbio.com/search.php?q=4101-732&amp;amp;s=Search&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>For preparation: follow&amp;nbsp; instructions as given on the box</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>YES (Media) + 5 Supplements included</td><td>MP Biomedicals</td><td>4101-522</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mpbio.com/search.php?q=4101-522&amp;amp;s=Search&quot;&gt;http://www.mpbio.com/search.php?q=4101-522&amp;amp;s=Search&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>For preparation: follow the instructions as given on the box</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>EMM (Media)</td><td>MP Biomedicals</td><td>4110-012</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mpbio.com/search.php?q=4110-012&amp;amp;s=Search&quot;&gt;http://www.mpbio.com/search.php?q=4110-012&amp;amp;s=Search&amp;nbsp;&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>For preparation: follow&amp;nbsp; instructions as given on the box</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Filter sterilized EMM (Media) - Only for imaging</td><td>MP Biomedicals</td><td>4110-012</td><td>For preparation: follow instructions as given on the box. Filter sterilize the media using a 0.22 &amp;micro;m filter instead of autoclaving. This gives transparency to the media and reduces the autofluorescence.</td></tr><tr><td>Supplements (for EMM)</td><td>MP Biomedicals</td><td>4104-012</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mpbio.com/search.php?q=4104-012&amp;amp;s=Search&quot;&gt;http://www.mpbio.com/search.php?q=4104-012&amp;amp;s=Search&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&amp;nbsp;(Add 225 mg/L into the EMM media before autoclaving or filtering)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Stericup and Steritop Vaccum driven sterile filters</td><td>Millipore</td><td>-</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.millipore.com/cellbiology/flx4/cellculture_prepare&amp;amp;tab1=2&amp;amp;tab2=1#tab2=1:tab1=2&quot;&gt;http://www.millipore.com/cellbiology/flx4/cellculture_prepare&amp;amp;tab1=2&amp;amp;tab2=1#tab2=1:tab1=2&lt;/a&gt;</td></tr></tbody></table>

ordering single cells and single embryos in 3d confinement: a new device for high content screening

生物细胞通常在平面（2D）表面观察。这种条件是不生理和表型和形状是高度可变的。根据在这种环境中的细胞筛选具有因而严重的局限性:细胞器显示极端的表型，细胞形态和尺寸是异质和/或特定的细胞器无法正确显示。此外， 在体内细胞位于3D环境;在这种情况下，细胞表现出不同的表型的，主要是因为它们与组织的周围的细胞外基质相互作用的。为了标准化和产生单个细胞中对基于细胞的测定生理相关的3D环境的次序，我们在这里报告的装置的用于体外三维细胞培养物的微加工和应用。此装置由微腔的2D阵列（通常是10 5的空腔/厘米2）中 ，填充有单细胞或胚胎。细胞POSI化，形状，极性和内部细胞组织变得那么标准化呈现出3D架构。我们使用复制品成型图案的微腔的阵列，&#39;eggcups&#39;，到薄聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）粘附在盖玻片层。腔体上布满了纤维连接蛋白更容易粘附。细胞通过离心插入。填充百分比为每个系统允许高达80％的最优化。细胞和胚胎存活率证实。我们应用此方法对细胞器，如细胞核和高尔基体的可视化，并研究活动进程，如cytokinetic环的细胞有丝分裂期间的关闭。该器件允许cytokinetic闭环和压实表型的高尔基体细胞核对准期间的新功能，如周期性积累和肌球蛋白和肌动蛋白的不均匀性的鉴定。我们的特点的方法哺乳动物细胞，裂殖酵母，芽殖酵母，C.线虫 W¯¯在每种情况下i个具体的适应。最后，该装置的特性使得它特别有趣的药物筛选测定法和个性化的药物。

该&#39;eggcups&#39;（EC）是一种新型的高含量筛选方法，它允许导向细胞和胚胎的可视化在3D环境。此外，某些细胞过程，这是很难在标准2D（平面）培养物来观察，可以通过这种新的方法观察到的。 图1a显示了EC微细加工步骤的概要（参见章节1中的上述协议）。该方法简便，快捷，高效，无需特殊设备的任何要求。 图1b和1c显示了一个大型的图片和"eggcups"分别放...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ordering Single Cells and Single Embryos in 3D Confinement: A New Device for High Content Screening at JoVE.com

Ordering Single Cells and Single Embryos in 3D Confinement: A New Device for High Content Screening

我们报告的设备和新的方法来研究细胞和胚胎。单细胞精确下令微阵列。他们的3D坐月子是朝着在生理条件下遇到的3D环境的一个步骤，并允许细胞器的方向。通过控制细胞的形状，此设置最大限度地减少可变性中的标准试验的报道。

订货单细胞和单胚胎的三维约束:高内涵筛选新设备

Biological cells are usually observed on flat (2D) surfaces. This condition is not physiological, and phenotypes and shapes are highly variable. Screening ...

ordering-single-cells-single-embryos-3d-confinement-new-device-for

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

8.5K 次观看.  Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaires (ISIS), CNRS and Université de Strasbourg. 我们报告的设备和新的方法来研究细胞和胚胎。单细胞精确下令微阵列。他们的3D坐月子是朝着在生理条件下遇到的3D环境的一个步骤，并允许细胞器的方向。通过控制细胞的形状，此设置最大限度地减少可变性中的标准试验的报道。 

视频: Ordering Single Cells and Single Embryos in 3D Confinement: A New Device for High Content Screening

Quantitative Analysis of Protein Expression to Study Lineage Specification in Mouse Preimplantation Embryos

This protocol presents a method to perform quantitative, single-cell in situ analyses of protein expression to study lineage specification in mouse preimplantation embryos. The procedures necessary for embryo collection, immunofluorescence, imaging on a confocal microscope, and image segmentation and analysis are described. This method allows quantitation of the expression of multiple nuclear markers and the spatial (XYZ) coordinates of all cells in the embryo. It takes advantage of MINS, an image segmentation software tool specifically developed for the analysis of confocal images of preimplantation embryos and embryonic stem cell (ESC) colonies. MINS carries out unsupervised nuclear segmentation across the X, Y and Z dimensions, and produces information on cell position in three-dimensional space, as well as nuclear fluorescence levels for all channels with minimal user input. While this protocol has been optimized for the analysis of images of preimplantation stage mouse embryos, it can easily be adapted to the analysis of any other samples exhibiting a good signal-to-noise ratio and where high nuclear density poses a hurdle to image segmentation (e.g., expression analysis of embryonic stem cell (ESC) colonies, differentiating cells in culture, embryos of other species or stages, etc.).

This protocol presents a method to perform quantitative, single-cell in situ analysis of protein expression to study lineage specification in mouse preimplantation embryos. The procedures necessary for collection of blastocysts, whole-mount immunofluorescent detection of proteins, imaging of samples on a confocal microscope, and nuclear segmentation and image analysis are described.

蛋白表达的定量分析来研究宗族规范小鼠植入前胚胎

This protocol presents a method to perform quantitative, single-cell in situ analyses of protein expression to study lineage specification in mouse ...

科研

发育生物学

Live Imaging of Cell Motility and Actin Cytoskeleton of Individual Neurons and Neural Crest Cells in Zebrafish Embryos

The zebrafish is an ideal model for imaging cell behaviors during development in vivo. Zebrafish embryos are externally fertilized and thus easily accessible at all stages of development. Moreover, their optical clarity allows high resolution imaging of cell and molecular dynamics in the natural environment of the intact embryo. We are using a live imaging approach to analyze cell behaviors during neural crest cell migration and the outgrowth and guidance of neuronal axons.
Live imaging is particularly useful for understanding mechanisms that regulate cell motility processes. To visualize details of cell motility, such as protrusive activity and molecular dynamics, it is advantageous to label individual cells. In zebrafish, plasmid DNA injection yields a transient mosaic expression pattern and offers distinct benefits over other cell labeling methods. For example, transgenic lines often label entire cell populations and thus may obscure visualization of the fine protrusions (or changes in molecular distribution) in a single cell. In addition, injection of DNA at the one-cell stage is less invasive and more precise than dye injections at later stages.
Here we describe a method for labeling individual developing neurons or neural crest cells and imaging their behavior in vivo. We inject plasmid DNA into 1-cell stage embryos, which results in mosaic transgene expression. The vectors contain cell-specific promoters that drive expression of a gene of interest in a subset of sensory neurons or neural crest cells. We provide examples of cells labeled with membrane targeted GFP or with a biosensor probe that allows visualization of F-actin in living cells1.
Erica Andersen, Namrata Asuri, and Matthew Clay contributed equally to this work.

This protocol describes imaging of individual neurons or neural crest cells in living zebrafish embryos. This method is used to examine cellular behaviors and actin localization using fluorescence confocal time-lapse microscopy.

在斑马鱼胚胎的单个神经元和神经嵴细胞的细胞运动和肌动蛋白细胞骨架的实时成像

The zebrafish is an ideal model for imaging cell behaviors during development in vivo. Zebrafish embryos are externally fertilized and thus easily ...

生物学

A Semi-high-throughput Imaging Method and Data Visualization Toolkit to Analyze C. elegans Embryonic Development

C. elegans is the premier system for the systematic analysis of cell fate specification and morphogenetic events during embryonic development. One challenge is that embryogenesis dynamically unfolds over a period of about 13 h; this half day-long timescale has constrained the scope of experiments by limiting the number of embryos that can be imaged. Here, we describe a semi-high-throughput protocol that allows for the simultaneous 3D time-lapse imaging of development in 80&#8211;100 embryos at moderate time resolution, from up to 14 different conditions, in a single overnight run. The protocol is straightforward and can be implemented by any laboratory with access to a microscope with point visiting capacity. The utility of this protocol is demonstrated by using it to image two custom-built strains expressing fluorescent markers optimized to visualize key aspects of germ-layer specification and morphogenesis. To analyze the data, a custom program that crops individual embryos out of a broader field of view in all channels, z-steps, and timepoints and saves the sequences for each embryo into a separate tiff stack was built. The program, which includes a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI), streamlines data processing by isolating, pre-processing, and uniformly orienting individual embryos in preparation for visualization or automated analysis. Also supplied is an ImageJ macro that compiles individual embryo data into a multi-panel file that displays maximum intensity fluorescence projection and brightfield images for each embryo at each time point. The protocols and tools described herein were validated by using them to characterize embryonic development following knock-down of 40 previously described developmental genes; this analysis visualized previously annotated developmental phenotypes and revealed new ones. In summary, this work details a semi-high-throughput imaging method coupled with a cropping program and ImageJ visualization tool that, when combined with strains expressing informative fluorescent markers, greatly accelerates experiments to analyze embryonic development.

A Semi-high-throughput Imaging Method and Data Visualization Toolkit to Analyze C. elegans Embryonic Development

This work describes a semi-high-throughput protocol that allows simultaneous 3D time-lapse imaging of embryogenesis in 80&#8211;100 C. elegans embryos in a single overnight run. Additionally, image processing and visualization tools are included to streamline data analysis. The combination of these methods with custom reporter strains enables detailed monitoring of embryogenesis.

半高通量成像方法和数据可视化工具包，用于分析C. elegans胚胎发育

C. elegans is the premier system for the systematic analysis of cell fate specification and morphogenetic events during embryonic development. One ...

Drosophila Embryo Preparation and Microinjection for Live Cell Microscopy Performed using an Automated High Content Analyzer

Modern approaches in quantitative live cell imaging have become an essential tool for exploring cell biology, by enabling the use of statistics and computational modeling to classify and compare biological processes. Although cell culture model systems are great for high content imaging, high throughput studies of cell morphology suggest that ex vivo cultures are limited in recapitulating the morphological complexity found in cells within living organisms. As such, there is a need for a scalable high throughput model system to image living cells within an intact organism. Described here is a protocol for using a high content image analyzer to simultaneously acquire multiple time-lapse videos of embryonic Drosophila melanogaster development during the syncytial blastoderm stage. The syncytial blastoderm has traditionally served as a great in vivo model for imaging biological events; however, obtaining a significant number of experimental replicates for quantitative and high-throughput approaches has been labor intensive and limited by the imaging of a single embryo per experimental repeat. Presented here is a method to adapt imaging and microinjection approaches to suit a high content imaging system, or any inverted microscope capable of automated multipoint acquisition. This approach enables the simultaneous acquisition of 6-12 embryos, depending on desired acquisition factors, within a single imaging session.

Presented here is a protocol to microinject and simultaneously image multiple Drosophila embryos during embryonic development using a plate-based, high content imager.

使用自动高含量分析仪进行活细胞显微镜的果蝇胚胎制备和微注射

Modern approaches in quantitative live cell imaging have become an essential tool for exploring cell biology, by enabling the use of statistics and ...

Three and Four-Dimensional Visualization and Analysis Approaches to Study Vertebrate Axial Elongation and Segmentation

Somitogenesis is a hallmark of vertebrate embryonic development. For years, researchers have been studying this process in a variety of organisms using a wide range of techniques encompassing ex vivo and in vitro approaches. However, most studies still rely on the analysis of two-dimensional (2D) imaging data, which limits proper evaluation of a developmental process like axial extension and somitogenesis involving highly dynamic interactions in a complex 3D space. Here we describe techniques that allow mouse live imaging acquisition, dataset processing, visualization and analysis in 3D and 4D to study the cells (e.g., neuromesodermal progenitors) involved in these developmental processes. We also provide a step-by-step protocol for optical projection tomography and whole-mount immunofluorescence microscopy in mouse embryos (from sample preparation to image acquisition) and show a pipeline that we developed to process and visualize 3D image data. We extend the use of some of these techniques and highlight specific features of different available software (e.g., Fiji/ImageJ, Drishti, Amira and Imaris) that can be used to improve our current understanding of axial extension and somite formation (e.g., 3D reconstructions). Altogether, the techniques here described emphasize the importance of 3D data visualization and analysis in developmental biology, and might help other researchers to better address 3D and 4D image data in the context of vertebrate axial extension and segmentation. Finally, the work also employs novel tools to facilitate teaching vertebrate embryonic development.

Here, we describe computational tools and methods that allow visualization and analysis of three and four-dimensional image data of mouse embryos in the context of axial elongation and segmentation, obtained by in toto optical projection tomography, and by live imaging and whole-mount immunofluorescence staining using multiphoton microscopy.

研究脊椎动物轴向伸长和分割的三维和四维可视化分析方法

Somitogenesis is a hallmark of vertebrate embryonic development. For years, researchers have been studying this process in a variety of organisms using a ...

Upright Imaging of Drosophila Embryos

Several well-known morphogenetic gradients and cellular movements occur along the dorsal/ventral axis of the Drosophila embryo. However, the current techniques used to view such processes are somewhat limited. The following protocol describes a new technique for mounting fixed and labeled Drosophila embryos for coronal viewing with confocal imaging. This method consists of embedding embryos between two layers of glycerin jelly mounting media, and imaging jelly strips positioned upright. The first step for sandwiching the embryos is to make a thin bedding of glycerin jelly on a slide. Next, embryos are carefully aligned on this surface and covered with a second layer of jelly. After the second layer is solidified, strips of jelly are cut and flipped upright for imaging. Alternatives are described for visualizing the embryos depending upon the type of microscope stand to be used. Since all cells along the dorsal-ventral axis are imaged within a single confocal Z-plane, our method allows precise measurement and comparison of fluorescent signals without photobleaching or light scattering common to 3D reconstructions of longitudinally mounted embryos.

Upright Imaging of Drosophila Embryos

Here we present a mounting protocol for stained Drosophila embryos in an upright position that allows imaging of cross-sections using Confocal microscopy.

直立成像果蝇胚胎

Several well-known morphogenetic gradients and cellular movements occur along the dorsal/ventral axis of the Drosophila embryo. However, the current ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>斑马鱼胚胎的精细多视图光片显微镜实验方案

Light Sheet Microscopy Imaging and Mounting Strategies for Early Zebrafish Embryos

Light sheet microscopy has become the methodology of choice for live imaging of zebrafish embryos over long time scales with minimal phototoxicity. In particular, a multiview system, which allows sample rotation, enables imaging of entire embryos from different angles. However, in most imaging sessions with a multiview system, sample mounting is a troublesome process as samples are usually prepared in a polymer tube. To aid in this process, this protocol describes basic mounting strategies for imaging early zebrafish development between the 70% epiboly and early somite stages. Specifically, the study provides statistics on the various positions the embryos default to at the 70% epiboly and bud stages within the chorion. Furthermore, it discusses the optimum number of angles and the interval between angles required for imaging whole zebrafish embryos at the early stages of development so that cellular-scale information can be extracted by fusing the different views. Finally, since the embryo covers the entire field of view of the camera, which is required to obtain a cellular-scale resolution, this protocol details the process of using bead information from above or below the embryo for the registration of the different views.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦:用于高分辨率多视图光片显微镜的斑马鱼胚胎安装策略 — 成像和图像重建技术

A sample preparation strategy for imaging early zebrafish embryos within an intact chorion using a light-sheet microscope is described. It analyzes the different orientations that embryos acquire within the chorion at the 70% epiboly and bud stages and details imaging strategies for obtaining cellular-scale resolution throughout the embryo using the light-sheet system.

早期斑马鱼胚胎的光片显微镜成像和安装策略

Light sheet microscopy has become the methodology of choice for live imaging of zebrafish embryos over long time scales with minimal phototoxicity. In ...

Three-dimensional Imaging of Bacterial Cells for Accurate Cellular Representations and Precise Protein Localization

The shape of a bacterium is important for its physiology. Many aspects of cell physiology such as cell motility, predation, and biofilm production can be affected by cell shape. Bacterial cells are three-dimensional (3D) objects, although they are rarely treated as such. Most microscopy techniques result in two-dimensional (2D) images leading to the loss of data pertaining to the actual 3D cell shape and localization of proteins. Certain shape parameters, such as Gaussian curvature (the product of the two principal curvatures), can only be measured in 3D because 2D images do not measure both principal curvatures. Additionally, not all cells lie flat when mounting and 2D imaging of curved cells may not accurately represent the shapes of these cells. Accurately measuring protein localization in 3D can help determine the spatial regulation and function of proteins. A forward convolution technique has been developed that uses the blurring function of the microscope to reconstruct 3D cell shapes and to accurately localize proteins. Here, a protocol for preparing and mounting samples for live cell imaging of bacteria in 3D both to reconstruct an accurate cell shape and to localize proteins is described. The method is based on simple sample preparation, fluorescent image acquisition, and MATLAB-based image processing. Many high-quality fluorescent microscopes can be simply modified to take these measurements. These cell reconstructions are computationally intensive and access to high-throughput computational resources is recommended, although not necessary. This method has been successfully applied to multiple bacterial species and mutants, fluorescent imaging modalities, and microscope manufacturers.

This protocol explains how to prepare and mount bacterial samples for live three-dimensional imaging and how to reconstruct the three-dimensional shape of E. coli from those images.

细菌细胞的三维成像，实现精确的细胞表现和精确的蛋白质定位

The shape of a bacterium is important for its physiology. Many aspects of cell physiology such as cell motility, predation, and biofilm production can be ...

订货单细胞和单胚胎的三维约束:高内涵筛选新设备

摘要

探索更多视频

此视频中的章节

蛋白表达的定量分析来研究宗族规范小鼠植入前胚胎

在斑马鱼胚胎的单个神经元和神经嵴细胞的细胞运动和肌动蛋白细胞骨架的实时成像

半高通量成像方法和数据可视化工具包，用于分析C. elegans胚胎发育

使用自动高含量分析仪进行活细胞显微镜的果蝇胚胎制备和微注射

研究脊椎动物轴向伸长和分割的三维和四维可视化分析方法

直立成像果蝇胚胎

早期斑马鱼胚胎的光片显微镜成像和安装策略

早期斑马鱼胚胎的光片显微镜成像和安装策略

早期斑马鱼胚胎的光片显微镜成像和安装策略

细菌细胞的三维成像，实现精确的细胞表现和精确的蛋白质定位