作者要感谢来自美国国立卫生研究院的资助下支持这项研究：K08DK082783（AR），P30DK56465（BTS），U01HL099993（BTS），T32HL00715036（SKS）和K12HL0806406（SKS）;而JP麦卡锡基金会（AR）。

签署知情同意书，批准由弗雷德·哈钦森癌症研究中心的机构审查委员会和儿童“费城医院，从患者采集外周血标本之前获得所有机构的指导方针的变化。所有的动物实验，包括MEF生成和畸胎瘤的形成被批准的机构动物护理和使用委员会。 外周血单个核细胞和红细胞扩张的1。聚蔗糖分离 - 0天<ol><li>稀释外周血1:1的Dulbecco磷酸盐缓冲盐水（DPBS）。在一个15毫升的圆底聚苯乙烯试管，小心7层毫升稀释血置于3mL室温的Ficoll-Hypaque上的。 </li><li>离心样品以400×g离心30分钟。 </li><li>的外周血单个核细胞将落户在等离子和聚蔗糖 - 泛影葡胺，看作是一个白色混浊层之间的接口。用无菌移液管，收集PB管委会为一体的15毫升锥形管。使体积达到用DPBS 10毫升</li><li>使用血球计数器，计数外周血单个核细胞。 </li><li>移液管2×10 6个PBMC中到一个单独的15毫升锥形管中，离心分离机，在300×g离心5分钟。降速剩余细胞并冷冻，以2×10 6个PBMC中/ ml，在90％胎牛血清（FBS）/ 10％二甲亚砜（DMSO）的浓度。 </li><li>制备膨胀介质：QBSF-60无血清培养基（避光）+青霉素/链霉素（1％）+抗坏血酸（50毫微克/毫升）+干细胞因子（SCF，50纳克/毫升）+。白细胞介素3（IL- 3，10纳克/毫升）+促红细胞生成素（EPO，2单位/毫升）+胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1，40纳克/毫升）+地塞米松（1μM;从光保护;解冻新鲜等分试样的每个媒体改变）。 </li><li>重悬2×10 6个PBMC中的2ml新鲜配制的扩展培养基，并放入12孔组织培养板的一个孔中，并孵育在37℃的潮湿培养箱具有5气氛％ 的 O 2，5％的CO 2和90％N 2。 </li><li>在3日和6日，更换介质。 <ol><li>收集细胞并用2ml QBSF-60的洗井以收集任何残留的细胞。 </li><li>离心细胞悬浮液，在300×g离心5分钟，吸出上清液。 </li><li>悬浮细胞在2毫升的新拓展中，并将其返回到相同的12孔板。 </li></ol></li></ol> 2.重编程细胞的核转 - 9日<ol><li>吸管的重新编程质粒进入无菌1.5毫升Eppendorf管中（ 表1）。 </li><li>拌上补充（由制造商提供）和吸管核转解到无菌1.5毫升Eppendorf管中。 </li><li>吸管2毫升扩展中等入12孔板和地点的一个孔，在湿润的37℃培养箱（5％O 2，5％CO 2和90％N 2），用于平衡加入细胞之前的。 </li><li>收集培养的细胞和洗井用2ml QBSF-60，以收集剩余的细胞。 </li><li>离心将细胞在300×g离心5分钟，吸出上清液。 </li><li>通过重新悬浮于5ml的DPBS中，并在300×g离心离心5分钟清洗细胞。 </li><li>吸出上清液。 </li><li>悬浮于100μl核转染溶液+补充细胞沉淀，同时注意避免产生气泡。 </li><li>吸取细胞悬浮液到含有重编程的质粒，移液器上下一旦管，样品吸取到核转染反应杯的底部。 </li><li>将试管放入核转染机和运行程序的T-019。 </li><li>转移100微升的预热膨胀介质（从平衡化板在步骤2.3）进入核转试管。 </li><li>立即收集全部样品和沉积成的预热膨胀介质的井。避免收集白色，浮尸细胞碎片。 </li&gt; <li>将板在湿润的37℃培养箱（5％O 2，5％CO 2和90％N 2）的生长。 </li></ol> 3.电镀饲养细胞 - 10日或11 <ol><li>在第10天，板式给料机的细胞。 <ol><li>涂层1 6孔组织培养板用明胶。 <ol><li>吸管0.1％，1明胶中Hank氏缓冲盐溶液（HBSS）插入所述板的每个孔中。 </li><li>将板在湿润的37℃培养箱中培养至少5分钟。 </li><li>在即将使用前，吸从板的明胶溶液。 </li></ol></li><li>解冻的照射在3000 cGy的在10ml预热的MEF培养基（Dulbecco改良的Eagle培养基（DMEM）+胎牛血清（10％）+青霉素/链霉素（1％））的2×10 6的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞的一个小瓶。 </li><li>离心将细胞在300×g离心5分钟，吸出上清液。重悬细胞于12ml MEF媒体和吸管2毫升我n要在明胶包被的6孔板的每个孔中。将板在湿润的37℃培养箱（5％O 2，5％CO 2和90％N 2），直到第12天。 </li></ol></li></ol> 4.在电镀饲养细胞和细胞介质变化 - 12日<ol><li>收集nucleofected细胞成一体的15毫升锥形管中，并通过洗涤以及用2ml QBSF-60的收集任何残留的细胞。离心样品以300×g离心5分钟。 </li><li>准备重编程培养基：Iscove氏改良的Dulbecco氏培养基（IMDM）+ FBS（10％）+非动物L-谷氨酰胺（1毫米）+非必需氨基酸（NEAA，1％）+青霉素/链霉素（1％）+β β-巯基乙醇（0.1毫摩尔）+碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF，加入新鲜的在馈送，10纳克/毫升）+抗坏血酸（加入新鲜的进料，50微克/毫升）。 </li><li>吸出上清液，重悬细胞于12ml重编程中的。吸管2毫升％的细胞悬浮液以及成在6孔板饲养细胞（如准备在第3节）。离心反应板在50×g离心30分钟，在室温下进行。 </li><li>将板在湿润的37℃培养箱（5％O 2，5％CO 2和90％N 2）的生长。改变重编程中的每一天，直到IPSC的殖民地开始出现（1-2周）。 </li><li>制备人类胚胎干细胞培养基：DMEM / F12 1：1 +敲除血清替代品（20％）+青霉素/链霉素（1％）+ NEAA（1％）+非动物L-谷氨酰胺（1毫米）+丙酮酸钠（1％） +碳酸氢钠（0.12％）+β巯基乙醇（0.1毫摩尔）+ bFGF的（补充新鲜的进料，10纳克/毫升）的</li><li>准备HDAC抑制剂：丁酸钠（在喂养补充新鲜的，100微米），suberanilohydroxamic酸（SAHA，加入新鲜的饲养，200纳米）。一旦IPSC的菌落出现，开始饲养细胞，人类胚胎干细胞中+ HDAC抑制剂，每天换液。 注：丁酸钠是一种小分子被吸附到塑料管中，叔herefore其存储在硼硅玻璃管在4℃下。 </li></ol> 5.隔离的iPSC克隆<ol><li>一次的iPSC集落有足够大的分离（20-25个细胞），选择其中一个，P20移液管。 </li><li>准备HDAC抑制剂：丁酸钠（加入新鲜的饲养，100微米），萨哈（补充新鲜的饲养，200纳米） </li><li>将分离出的菌落到含有人类胚胎干细胞培养基+ HDAC抑制剂+克隆与恢复补充个人35毫米菜肴的iMEFs。 </li><li>当天采摘的殖民地后，改变介质为人类胚胎干细胞中+ HDAC抑制剂。 </li><li>每天更换培养基，直到IPSC的殖民地准备好传代。 </li><li>从介质中删除HDAC抑制剂一次菌落传代2-3稳定。 </li></ol>

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作者宣称，他们有没有竞争的财务权益。

对于成功的iPSC生成使用此协议的时候，有一些应该考虑几个重要的注意事项。在红细胞膨胀阶段，媒体改变调度必须严格遵守，因为偏差可能导致目标的祖细胞群体的低效刺激和iPSC的产生效率较低。重要的是，使用新鲜地塞米松与各介质变化的新的扩展介质;和QBSF-60基础培养基和地塞米松在存储期间应避光。在核转染，所述的DPBS洗涤是关键，除去从细胞悬浮液过量的溶质可能导致电流从nucleofecto...

iPS细胞是从体组织经由一组的多能性基因的最小的异位表达而得。该技术最初是由人成纤维细胞与OCT4，SOX2，KLF4和cMYC的 ，其高度表达在多能状态1的逆转录病毒转导的展示。这些瞬时表达“重编程因子”改变靶细胞的表观遗传学景观和基因表达谱类似于人类胚胎干细胞2。一旦创建了iPS细胞有可能分化成任何类型的组织作进一步调查。因此，它们有望用于再生医学，疾病建模和基因治疗的应用中使用。然而，破坏与整合的病毒基因组有改变内源基因的表达，影响细胞表型的潜力，最终偏置的科学成果。此外，随机的病毒整合可能会导致有害细胞éffects，包括恶性转化3或重新表达致癌基因的转基因4的可能性。未来的临床应用需要非整合的iPSC生成。 附加体，它是染色体外的环状DNA分子，提供了一项战略，以产生成本效益，整合无iPS细胞5。在表1所示的附加 ​​型载体的组合表达重编程因子OCT4，SOX2，KLF4，MYCL和LIN28A。该pCXLE_hOCT3 / 4- shp53-F质粒还含有p53基因的shRNA对TP53的临时抑制，增强细胞的初始化6。复制缺陷型pCXWB-EBNA1载体通过提供核抗原表达7一过性升高促进重编程因子的放大和提高重编程效率。该pCXLE_EGFP质粒可以被添加到核转染混合物为射探测器的目的rmining转染效率或用于细胞分选的应用程序。除P CXWB-EBNA1的，在该协议中使用的附加 ​​型质粒含有的Epstein-Barr病毒起源的病毒复制和EBNA1基因，其宿主细胞8的分裂过程介导的复制和附加体的分区。该附加体都不约而同的用连续的iPSC扩张7丢失。亚克隆和iPS细胞与附加型载体的损失，这可以从eGFP的表达缺失推断的特性，可能会导致完全集成免费的iPSC供将来的临床应用。 固有的iPSC生成的过程是抑制的细胞系特异性基因和多能性相关基因的重新激活。基因表达的调节发生在细胞核内的多个级别，包括修饰的DNA和染色质，以允许转录因子，调节DNA元件，和RNA聚合酶的访问目标基因。通过全球性染色质修饰的后生景观改造是重新表达的一个关键组成部分的多能性的遗传程序。一个具体的染色质修饰是在基因表达的调控是重要的乙酰化的组蛋白在特定的赖氨酸残基，其允许访问通过组蛋白的DNA线圈的张力下降到目标基因。 HDAC抑制剂是小分子已经显示出增强的iPSC重编程和人类胚胎干细胞的自我更新9,10，可能是由于支承乙酰化状态11。下面描述的协议中，适于从使用整合的慢病毒12的现有出版物，提供了从外周血使用附加体和HDAC抑制剂的步骤的分步方法优化的iPSC产生。这里所用的HDAC抑制剂浓度是半那些由洁具所描述的， 等。 如图9所示 ，并经常导致了2倍的增加完全重新编程的iPSC集落，标准游离重编程协议，而不HDAC抑制剂。重新编程的这个水平看齐与我们观察到与慢病毒方法的效率。使用此协议，我们已经有效地产生iPSC的个人老87岁。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1100">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">Name of Reagent/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:503px;">Comments/Description</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">Ficoll-Paque PLUS</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">45-001-750</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#176;C. Warm to room temperature before use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">DPBS</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14190-250</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#176;C.</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">RPMI 1640</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11875-093</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10437028</td>
			<td>Store at -20&#176;C until needed. Thaw, aliquot, store at 4&#176;C.</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">154938</td>
			<td>Store at room temperature.</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">QBSF-60 serum-free medium</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50-983-234</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">penicillin/streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15140122</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">Cell Line Nucleofector Kit V</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">VCA-1003</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">2% gelatin solution</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G1393</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#176;C, liquify in 37&#176;C water bath before use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">Hank&#39;s Balanced Saline Solution (HBSS)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14175-103</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:329px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11965-092</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">Iscove&#39;s Modified Dulbecco&#39;s Medium (IMDM)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12440-061</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">L-glutamine, 200 mM</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25030-081</td>
			<td>Aliquot, freeze at -20&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">non-essential amino acids (NEAA), 100X</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11140-050</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#176;C, away from light.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">DMEM/Ham&#39;s F12, 1:1</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SH30023.02</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">KnockOut Serum Replacement</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10828-028</td>
			<td>Aliquot, freeze at -20&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">sodium pyruvate, 100 mM</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11360-070</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">sodium bicarbonate, 7.5%</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25080094</td>
			<td>Store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PHG0263</td>
			<td>Make 10 mg/mL stock in DPBS, aliquot, freeze at -20&#176;C. Once thawed, store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">sodium butyrate&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B5887-1G</td>
			<td>Make 2000X stock (400 mM) in DPBS, aliquot, freeze at -20&#176;C. Once thawed, store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">hES Cell Cloning &#38; Recovery Supplement</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Stemgent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">01-0014-500</td>
			<td>Store at -20&#176;C until needed. Once thawed, store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">ESC-qualified BD matrigel</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">35-4277</td>
			<td>Thaw overnight on ice at 4&#176;C, aliquot into pre-chilled tubes using pre-chilled pipette tips. Store at -20&#176;C until needed. Thaw at 4&#176;C, use immediately.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:329px;">StemSpan SFEM&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">STEMCELL Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">9650</td>
			<td>Aliquot, freeze at -20&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">ascorbic acid, powdered</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A4403-100MG</td>
			<td>Make 5 mg/mL stock in DPBS, sterile filter, store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">recombinant human stem cell factor (SCF)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">R &#38; D Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">255-SC-010</td>
			<td>Make 100 &#956;g/mL stock in SFEM, aliquot, freeze at -20&#176;C. Once thawed, store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">recombinant human interleukin 3 (IL-3)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">R &#38; D Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">203-IL-010</td>
			<td>Make 100 &#956;g/mL stock in SFEM, aliquot, freeze at -20&#176;C. Once thawed, store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">erythropoietin (EPO)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">R &#38; D Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">287-TC-500</td>
			<td>Make 1000 U/mL stock in SFEM, aliquot, freeze at -20&#176;C. Once thawed, store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:329px;">recombinant human insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">R &#38; D Systems</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">291-G1-200</td>
			<td>Make 100 &#956;g/mL stock in SFEM, aliquot, freeze at -20&#176;C. Once thawed, store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">&#946;-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M7522</td>
			<td>Make 1000X stock (100 mM) in DPBS.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">dexamethasone</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D4902-25MG</td>
			<td>Make 50X stock (50 &#956;M) in DPBS, sterile filter, store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">SAHA (vorinostat)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Cayman Chemical</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">149647-78-9</td>
			<td>Make 2000X stock (400 mM) in DPBS, aliquot, freeze at -20&#176;C. Once thawed, store at 4&#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">12 well tissue culture plate</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">08-772-29</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">15 mL conical tube</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sarstedt</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">62553002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">1.5 mL Eppendorf tube</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">05-408-129</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">6 well tissue culture plate</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">08-772-1B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">35 mm tisue culture plates</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">353001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">10 mL disposable serological pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13-675-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">5 mL disposable serological pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13-675-22</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">2 mL disposable serological pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13-675-17</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">20 &#956;L pipette tips, barrier tips</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Genessee</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">24-404</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">glass Pasteur pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13-678-20D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">pipette aid</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13-681-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">pCXLE-hOCT3/4-shp53-F</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Addgene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">27077</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">pCXLE-hSK</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Addgene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">27078</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">pCXLE-hUL</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Addgene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">27080</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">pCXLE-EGFP</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Addgene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">27082</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:329px;">pCXWB-EBNA1</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Addgene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">37624</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

efficient ips cell generation from blood using episomes and hdac inhibitors

此稿件说明了一个协议，用于建立高效集成的无人类诱导多能干细胞从外周血中使用游离质粒和组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDAC）抑制剂细胞​​（iPS细胞）。这种方法的优点包括：（1）使用的外周血作为源材料的最小量; （2）nonintegrating重编程载体; （3）具有成本效益的方法，用于产生向量自由iPSCs的; （4）单次转染;及（5）使用的小分子，以促进表观重编程。简言之，将外周血单核细胞（PBMC）从常规采血样品中分离，然后培养中所定义的生长因子，以产生高度增殖红细胞祖细胞群是非常适合进行再编程。 Nonintegrating，表达OCT4，SOX2，KLF4，MYCL，LIN28A和p53的短发夹（SH）RNA非传播游离质粒introdu通过单核转染土木工程署到来自红细胞。表达增强的绿色荧光蛋白的游离基因（绿色荧光蛋白）的共转染允许容易识别转染细胞。表达爱泼斯坦-巴尔核抗原1（EBNA1）一个单独的复制缺陷型的质粒也将被添加到该反应混合物中游离的蛋白的表达增加。然后转染的细胞接种在层照射的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞（的iMEFs），用于持续重新编程。只要iPSC的样集落核转染后出现在大约十二天后，HDAC抑制剂被加入到培养基中，以方便后生重塑。我们已经发现，包含HDAC抑制剂的常规由2倍增加的完全重新编程的iPSC集落的生成。一次的iPSC集落呈现出典型的人类胚胎干细胞（胚胎干细胞）的形态，它们被轻轻转移到个人IMEF涂覆组织培养板中进行的持续增长和扩展。

核转染后三天和电镀nucleofected细胞上的iMEFs之前，成功的核转染的效率，应通过对eGFP的荧光显微术进行估计。 图1显示了一个典型的核转染实验用表达绿色荧光蛋白的总细胞群的约5-10％。 重新编程的iPSC克隆将开始核转染后出现大约两个星期。该菌落是具有明确定义的边界大致为圆形的，并且可以由人类胚胎干细胞特性的形态包括：（1）小的，紧凑的细胞具有较?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors at JoVE.com

Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors

在这里，我们描述了一种协议，用于使用基于附加体重编程的策略和组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂的外周血产生的诱导的人多能干细胞。

从血液高效的iPS细胞生成使用附加体和HDAC抑制剂

This manuscript illustrates a protocol for efficiently creating integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood using ...

efficient-ips-cell-generation-from-blood-using-episomes-hdac

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

12.7K 次观看.  Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center. 在这里，我们描述了一种协议，用于使用基于附加体重编程的策略和组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂的外周血产生的诱导的人多能干细胞。 

视频: Efficient iPS Cell Generation from Blood Using Episomes and HDAC Inhibitors

Blood Collection from the American Horseshoe Crab, Limulus Polyphemus

The horseshoe crab has the best-characterized immune system of any long-lived invertebrate. The study of immunity in horseshoe crabs has been facilitated by the ease in collecting large volumes of blood and from the simplicity of the blood. Horseshoe crabs show only a single cell type in the general circulation, the granular amebocyte. The plasma has the salt content of sea water and only three abundant proteins, hemocyanin, the respiratory protein, the C-reactive proteins, which function in the cytolytic destruction of foreign cells, including bacterial cells, and &alpha;2-macroglobulin, which inhibits the proteases of invading pathogens. Blood is collected by direct cardiac puncture under conditions that minimize contamination by lipopolysaccharide (a.k.a., endotoxin, LPS), a product of the Gram-negative bacteria. A large animal can yield 200 - 400 mL of blood. For the study of the plasma, blood cells are immediately removed from the plasma by centrifugation and the plasma can then be fractionated into its constituent proteins. The blood cells are conveniently studied microscopically by collecting small volumes of blood into LPS-free isotonic saline (0.5 M NaCl) under conditions that permit direct microscopic examination by placing one of more LPS-free coverglasses on the culture dish surface, then mounting those coverglasses in simple observation chambers following cell attachment. A second preparation for direct observation is to collect 3 - 5 mL of blood in a LPS-free embryo dish and then explanting fragments of aggregated amebocytes to a chamber that sandwiches the tissue between a slide and a coverglass. In this preparation, the motile amebocytes migrate onto the coverglass surface, where they can readily be observed. The blood clotting system involves aggregation of amebocytes and the formation of an extracellular clot of a protein, coagulin, which is released from the secretory granules of the blood cells. Biochemical analysis of washed blood cells requires that aggregation and degranulation does not occur, which can be accomplished by collecting blood into 0.1 volumes of 2% Tween-20, 0.5 M LPS-free NaCl, followed by centrifugation of the cells and washing with 0.5 M NaCl.

The American horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, is arguably the most convenient source for large quantities of blood of any invertebrate. The blood is simple in composition, with only one cell-type in the general circulation, the granular amebocyte, and only three abundant proteins in the plasma, hemocyanin, the C-reactive proteins, and &alpha;2-macroglobulin. Blood is collected from the heart and the blood cells and plasma are separated by centrifugation.

从美国的马蹄蟹，鲎波吕斐摩斯采血车

The horseshoe crab has the best-characterized immune system of any long-lived invertebrate.  The study of immunity in horseshoe crabs has been facilitated ...

科研

生物学

Generation of Single-Cell Suspensions from Mouse Neural Tissue

Within the nervous system, hundreds of neuronal and glial cell types have been described. Each specific cell type in the brain or spinal cord has a repertoire of cell surface molecules, or molecular determinants, through which it can be identified and characterized. Currently, robust cell identification and separation technologies require single-cell preparations to be generated while simultaneously limiting cell death and destruction of characteristic surface protein. The gentleMACS Dissociator, when used in combination with trypsin or papain-based dissociation kits, can effectively and gently dissociate brain tissue while preserving antigen epitopes and limiting cell loss. Standardized preparation of single-cell suspensions is achieved using C Tubes and optimized, preset gentleMACS Programs. Once generated, single-cell suspensions can be treated with monoclonal conjugates like Anti-Prominin-1 MicroBeads, which identify neural progenitors, or purified further using Myelin Removal Beads.

Dissociating cells from specific tissue types requires specific parameters for tissue aggitation to obtain a high volume of viable, culturable cells. The Miltenyi gentleMACS Dissociator optimizes this task with a simple, practical protocol. In this publication the use of this apparatus on nerual tissue is explained.

从小鼠神经组织产生单细胞悬浮液

Within the nervous system, hundreds of neuronal and glial cell types have been described. Each specific cell type in the brain or spinal cord has a ...

Isolation and Culture of Pulmonary Endothelial Cells from Neonatal Mice

Endothelial cells provide a useful research model in many areas of vascular biology. Since its first isolation 1, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) have shown to be convenient, easy to obtain and culture, and thus are the most widely studied endothelial cells. However, for research focused on processes like angiogenesis, permeability or many others, microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) are a much more physiologically relevant model to study 2. Furthermore, ECs isolated from knockout mice provide a useful tool for analysis of protein function ex vivo. Several approaches to isolate and culture microvascular ECs of different origin have been reported to date 3-7, but consistent isolation and culture of pure ECs is still a major technical problem in many laboratories. Here, we provide a step-by-step protocol on a reliable and relatively simple method of isolating and culturing mouse lung endothelial cells (MLECs). In this approach, lung tissue obtained from 6- to 8-day old pups is first cut into pieces, digested with collagenase/dispase (C/D) solution and dispersed mechanically into single-cell suspension. MLECS are purified from cell suspension using positive selection with anti-PECAM-1 antibody conjugated to Dynabeads using a Magnetic Particle Concentrator (MPC). Such purified cells are cultured on gelatin-coated tissue culture (TC) dishes until they become confluent. At that point, cells are further purified using Dynabeads coupled to anti-ICAM-2 antibody. MLECs obtained with this protocol exhibit a cobblestone phenotype, as visualized by phase-contrast light microscopy, and their endothelial phenotype has been confirmed using FACS analysis with anti-VE-cadherin 8 and anti-VEGFR2 9 antibodies and immunofluorescent staining of VE-cadherin. In our hands, this two-step isolation procedure consistently and reliably yields a pure population of MLECs, which can be further cultured. This method will enable researchers to take advantage of the growing number of knockout and transgenic mice to directly correlate in vivo studies with results of in vitro experiments performed on isolated MLECs and thus help to reveal molecular mechanisms of vascular phenotypes observed in vivo.

Here, we describe a protocol for isolation and culture of murine pulmonary endothelial cells. This method comprises mechanic and enzymatic lung tissue dissociation as well as a 2-step purification process using anti-PECAM-1 and anti-ICAM-2 antibodies conjugated to magnetic beads, which produces a pure endothelial cell population of mostly microvascular origin.

从新生小鼠的肺血管内皮细胞的分离和培养

Endothelial cells provide a useful research model in many areas of vascular biology. Since its first isolation 1, human umbilical vein endothelial cells ...

Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Peripheral Blood Using the STEMCCA Lentiviral Vector

Through the ectopic expression of four transcription factors, Oct4, Klf4, Sox2 and cMyc, human somatic cells can be converted to a pluripotent state, generating so-called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)1-4. Patient-specific iPSCs lack the ethical concerns that surround embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and would bypass possible immune rejection. Thus, iPSCs have attracted considerable attention for disease modeling studies, the screening of pharmacological compounds, and regenerative therapies5.
We have shown the generation of transgene-free human iPSCs from patients with different lung diseases using a single excisable polycistronic lentiviral Stem Cell Cassette (STEMCCA) encoding the Yamanaka factors6. These iPSC lines were generated from skin fibroblasts, the most common cell type used for reprogramming. Normally, obtaining fibroblasts requires a skin punch biopsy followed by expansion of the cells in culture for a few passages. Importantly, a number of groups have reported the reprogramming of human peripheral blood cells into iPSCs7-9. In one study, a Tet inducible version of the STEMCCA vector was employed9, which required the blood cells to be simultaneously infected with a constitutively active lentivirus encoding the reverse tetracycline transactivator. In contrast to fibroblasts, peripheral blood cells can be collected via minimally invasive procedures, greatly reducing the discomfort and distress of the patient. A simple and effective protocol for reprogramming blood cells using a constitutive single excisable vector may accelerate the application of iPSC technology by making it accessible to a broader research community. Furthermore, reprogramming of peripheral blood cells allows for the generation of iPSCs from individuals in which skin biopsies should be avoided (i.e. aberrant scarring) or due to pre-existing disease conditions preventing access to punch biopsies.
Here we demonstrate a protocol for the generation of human iPSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using a single floxed-excisable lentiviral vector constitutively expressing the 4 factors. Freshly collected or thawed PBMCs are expanded for 9 days as described10,11 in medium containing ascorbic acid, SCF, IGF-1, IL-3 and EPO before being transduced with the STEMCCA lentivirus. Cells are then plated onto MEFs and ESC-like colonies can be visualized two weeks after infection. Finally, selected clones are expanded and tested for the expression of the pluripotency markers SSEA-4, Tra-1-60 and Tra-1-81. This protocol is simple, robust and highly consistent, providing a reliable methodology for the generation of human iPSCs from readily accessible 4 ml of blood.

Here we show a simple and effective protocol for the generation of human iPSCs from 3-4 ml of peripheral blood using a single lentiviral reprogramming vector. Reprogramming of readily available blood cells promises to accelerate the utilization of iPSC technology by making it accessible to a broader research community.

代人类诱导多能干细胞从外周血中使用STEMCCA慢病毒载体

Through the ectopic expression of four transcription factors, Oct4, Klf4, Sox2 and cMyc, human somatic cells can be converted to a pluripotent state, ...

Rapid and Efficient Generation of Neurons from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells in a Multititre Plate Format

Existing protocols for the generation of neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are often tedious in that they are multistep procedures involving the isolation and expansion of neural precursor cells, prior to terminal differentiation. In comparison to these time-consuming approaches, we have recently found that combined inhibition of three signaling pathways, TGF&beta;/SMAD2, BMP/SMAD1, and FGF/ERK, promotes rapid induction of neuroectoderm from hPSCs, followed by immediate differentiation into functional neurons. Here, we have adapted our procedure to a novel multititre plate format, to further enhance its reproducibility and to make it compatible with mid-throughput applications. It comprises four days of neuroectoderm formation in floating spheres (embryoid bodies), followed by a further four days of differentiation into neurons under adherent conditions. Most cells obtained with this protocol appear to be bipolar sensory neurons. Moreover, the procedure is highly efficient, does not require particular expert skills, and is based on a simple chemically defined medium with cost-efficient small molecules. Due to these features, the procedure may serve as a useful platform for further functional investigation as well as for cell-based screening approaches requiring human sensory neurons or neurons of any type.

Protocols for neuronal differentiation of pluripotent human stem cells (hPSCs) are often time-consuming and require substantial cell culture skills. Here, we have adapted a small molecule-based differentiation procedure to a multititre plate format, allowing simple, rapid, and efficient generation of human neurons in a controlled manner.

人类多能干细胞的神经元在一个Multititre的板格式的快速和高效地生成

Existing protocols for the generation of neurons from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are often tedious in that they are  multistep procedures ...

Isometric and Eccentric Force Generation Assessment of Skeletal Muscles Isolated from Murine Models of Muscular Dystrophies

Critical to the evaluation of potential therapeutics for muscular disease are sensitive and reproducible physiological assessments of muscle function. Because many pre-clinical trials rely on mouse models for these diseases, isolated muscle function has become one of the standards for Go/NoGo decisions in moving drug candidates forward into patients. We will demonstrate the preparation of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and diaphragm muscles for functional testing, which are the predominant muscles utilized for these studies. The EDL muscle geometry is ideal for isolated muscle preparations, with two easily accessible tendons, and a small size that can be supported by superfusion in a bath. The diaphragm exhibits profound progressive pathology in dystrophic animals, and can serve as a platform for evaluating many potential therapies countering fibrosis, and promoting myofiber stability. Protocols for routine testing, including isometric and eccentric contractions, will be shown. Isometric force provides assessment of strength, and eccentric contractions help to evaluate sarcolemma stability, which is disrupted in many types of muscular dystrophies. Comparisons of the expected results between muscles from wildtype and dystrophic muscles will also be provided. These measures can complement morphological and biochemical measurements of tissue homeostasis, as well as whole animal assessments of muscle function.

Muscle function measurements contribute to the evaluation of potential therapeutics for muscle pathology, as well as to the determination of mechanisms underlying physiology of this tissue. We will demonstrate the preparation of the extensor digitorum longus and diaphragm muscles for functional testing. Protocols for isometric and eccentric contractions will be shown, as well as differences in results between dystrophic muscles, representing a pathological state, and wildtype muscles.

等距和骨骼肌产生偏心力评估隔离肌营养不良症的小鼠模型

Critical to the evaluation of potential  therapeutics for muscular disease are sensitive and reproducible physiological  assessments of muscle function. ...

Rapid and Efficient Zebrafish Genotyping Using PCR with High-resolution Melt Analysis

Zebrafish is a powerful vertebrate model system for studying development, modeling disease, and performing drug screening. Recently a variety of genetic tools have been introduced, including multiple strategies for inducing mutations and generating transgenic lines. However, large-scale screening is limited by traditional genotyping methods, which are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Here we describe a technique to analyze zebrafish genotypes by PCR combined with high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA).&#160;This approach is rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive, with lower risk of contamination artifacts.&#160;Genotyping by PCR with HRMA can be used for embryos or adult fish, including in high-throughput screening protocols.

PCR combined with high-resolution melt analysis (HRMA) is demonstrated as a rapid and efficient method to genotype zebrafish.

快速，高效的斑马鱼基因分型采用PCR与高分辨率熔体分析

Zebrafish is a powerful vertebrate model system for studying development, modeling disease, and performing drug screening. Recently a variety of genetic ...

Isolation of Blood-vessel-derived Multipotent Precursors from Human Skeletal Muscle

Since the discovery of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), the native identity and localization&#160;of MSCs have been obscured by their retrospective isolation in culture. Recently, using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), we and other researchers prospectively identified and purified three subpopulations of multipotent precursor cells associated with the vasculature of human skeletal muscle. These three cell populations: myogenic endothelial cells (MECs), pericytes (PCs), and adventitial cells (ACs), are localized respectively to the three structural layers of blood vessels: intima, media, and adventitia. All of these human blood-vessel-derived stem cell (hBVSC) populations not only express classic MSC markers but also possess mesodermal developmental potentials similar to typical MSCs. Previously, MECs, PCs, and ACs have been isolated through distinct protocols and subsequently characterized in separate studies. The current isolation protocol, through modifications to the isolation process and adjustments in the selective cell surface markers, allows us to simultaneously purify all three hBVSC subpopulations by FACS from a single human muscle biopsy. This new method will not only streamline the isolation of multiple BVSC subpopulations but also facilitate future clinical applications of hBVSCs for distinct therapeutic purposes.

Blood vessels within human skeletal muscle harbor several multi-lineage precursor populations that are ideal for regenerative applications. This isolation method allows simultaneous purification of three multipotent precursor cell populations respectively from three structural layers of blood vessels: myogenic endothelial cells from intima, pericytes from media, and adventitial cells from adventitia.

从人骨骼肌隔离血管源性多能前体

Since the discovery of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), the native identity and localization&#160;of MSCs have been obscured by their retrospective ...

Efficient Generation Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells with Sendai-virus

A few years ago, the establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) ushered in a new era in biomedicine. Potential uses of human iPSCs include modeling pathogenesis of human genetic diseases, autologous cell therapy after gene correction, and personalized drug screening by providing a source of patient-specific and symptom relevant cells. However, there are several hurdles to overcome, such as eliminating the remaining reprogramming factor transgene expression after human iPSCs production. More importantly, residual transgene expression in undifferentiated human iPSCs could hamper proper differentiations and misguide the interpretation of disease-relevant in vitro phenotypes. With this reason, integration-free and/or transgene-free human iPSCs have been developed using several methods, such as adenovirus, the piggyBac system, minicircle vector, episomal vectors, direct protein delivery and synthesized mRNA. However, efficiency of reprogramming using integration-free methods is quite low in most cases.
Here, we present a method to isolate human iPSCs by using Sendai-virus (RNA virus) based reprogramming system. This reprogramming method shows consistent results and high efficiency in cost-effective manner.

Here, we present our established method to reprogram human somatic cells into transgene-free human iPSCs with Sendai virus, which shows consistent outcome and enhanced efficiency.

从人类体细胞与仙台病毒高效的新一代人类诱导多能干细胞

A few years ago, the establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) ushered in a new era in biomedicine. Potential uses of human iPSCs ...

MicroRNA Expression Profiles of Human iPS Cells, Retinal Pigment Epithelium Derived From iPS, and Fetal Retinal Pigment Epithelium

The objective of this report is to describe the protocols for comparing the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from human iPS cells (iPS-RPE), and fetal RPE. The protocols include collection of RNA for analysis by microarray, and the analysis of microarray data to identify miRNAs that are differentially expressed among three cell types. The methods for culture of iPS cells and fetal RPE are explained. The protocol used for differentiation of RPE from human iPS is also described. The RNA extraction technique we describe was selected to allow maximal recovery of very small RNA for use in a miRNA microarray. Finally, cellular pathway and network analysis of microarray data is explained. These techniques will facilitate the comparison of the miRNA profiles of three different cell types.

The microRNA (miRNA) profiles of human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells (iPS-RPE), and fetal RPE, were compared.

人类iPS细胞的微小RNA表达谱，视网膜色素上皮衍生自IPS和胎儿视网膜色素上皮

The objective of this report is to describe the protocols for comparing the microRNA (miRNA) profiles of human induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, ...