Name: one-step negative chromatographic purification of helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein overexpressed in escherichia coli in batch mode
Uploaded: 2016-06-18T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about One-step Negative Chromatographic Purification of Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-activating Protein Overexpressed in Escherichia coli in Batch Mode at JoVE.co

We thank Dr. Chao-Sheng Cheng at National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, for performing the circular dichroism measurement. We also thank Drs. Evanthia Galanis and Ianko D. Iankov at Mayo Clinic, USA, for providing the anti-HP-NAP monoclonal antibody. We appreciate Drs. Han-Wen Chang and Chung-Chu Chen at Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan, for providing advice for IRB application, Mr. Te-Lung Tsai at the Mackay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan, for supervising the analysis of isolated neutrophils, and Ms. Ju-Chen Weng at National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, for her technical assistance. This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST 104-2311-B-007-003, NSC101-2311-B-007-007 and NSC98-2311-B-007-006-MY3), the Joint Research Program of National Tsing Hua University and Mackay Memorial Hospital (100N7727E1, 101N2727E1, 103N2773E1), and the research program of National Tsing Hua University (104N2052E1).

Human blood was collected from healthy volunteers with prior written informed consent and approval from the Institutional Review Board of the National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
1. Expression of Recombinant HP-NAP in E. coli
<ol>
	<li>Prepare the plasmid pET42a-NAP containing the DNA sequence of HP-NAP from H. pylori 26695 strain as previously described16. Prepare the plasmids containing the DNA sequence of HP-NAP with the desired point mutations as described (see Protoco...

<ol>
	<li>Brunette, G. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chapter+3,+Infectious+diseases+related+to+travel.">Chapter 3, Infectious diseases related to travel.</a> CDC Health Information for International Travel 2016. , (2015).</li><li>Bauer, B., Meyer, T. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+human+gastric+pathogen+Helicobacter+pylori+its+association+with+gastric+cancer+and+ulcer+disease.">The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori its association with gastric cancer and ulcer disease.</a> Ulcers. 2011, 340157 (2011).</li><li>Malfertheiner, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Management+of+Helicobacter+pylori+infection--the+Maastricht+IV/+Florence+Consensus+Report.+Gut.">Management of Helicobacter pylori infection--the Maastricht IV/ Florence Consensus Report. Gut.</a> Gut. 61 (5), 646-664 (2012).</li><li>Evans, D. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+a+Helicobacter+pylori+neutrophil-activating+protein.">Characterization of a Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein.</a> Infect. Immun. 63 (6), 2213-2220 (1995).</li><li>Fu, H. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Helicobacter+pylori+neutrophil-activating+protein:+from+molecular+pathogenesis+to+clinical+applications.">Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein: from molecular pathogenesis to clinical applications.</a> World J. Gastroenterol. 20 (18), 5294-5301 (2014).</li><li>de Bernard, M., D'Elios, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+immune+modulating+activity+of+the+Helicobacter+pylori+HP-NAP:+Friend+or+foe?.">The immune modulating activity of the Helicobacter pylori HP-NAP: Friend or foe?.</a> Toxicon. 56 (7), 1186-1192 (2010).</li><li>Malfertheiner, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Safety+and+immunogenicity+of+an+intramuscular+Helicobacter+pylori+in+noninfected+volunteers:+a+phase+I+study.">Safety and immunogenicity of an intramuscular Helicobacter pylori in noninfected volunteers: a phase I study.</a> Gastroenterology. 135 (3), 787-795 (2008).</li><li>Codolo, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HP-NAP+inhibits+the+growth+of+bladder+cancer+in+mice+by+activating+a+cytotoxic+Th1+response.">HP-NAP inhibits the growth of bladder cancer in mice by activating a cytotoxic Th1 response.</a> Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 61 (1), 31-40 (2012).</li><li>Codolo, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+neutrophil-activating+protein+of+Helicobacter+pylori+Th2+inflammation+in+ovalbumin-induced+allergic+asthma.">The neutrophil-activating protein of Helicobacter pylori Th2 inflammation in ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma.</a> Cell. Microbiol. 10 (11), 2355-2363 (2008).</li><li>Del Prete, ., G, , et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunosuppression+of+TH2+responses+in+Trichinella+spiralis+by+Helicobacter+pylori+neutrophil-activating+protein.">Immunosuppression of TH2 responses in Trichinella spiralis by Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein.</a> J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 122 (5), 908-913.e5 (2008).</li><li>Tang, R. X., Luo, D. J., Sun, A. H., Yan, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diversity+of+Helicobacter+pylori+in+expression+of+antigens+and+induction+of+antibodies.">Diversity of Helicobacter pylori in expression of antigens and induction of antibodies.</a> World J. Gastroenterol. 14 (30), 4816-4822 (2008).</li><li>Long, M., Luo, J., Li, Y., Zeng, F. Y., Li, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+and+evaluation+of+antibodies+against+neutrophil-activating+protein+of+Helicobacter+pylori+in+patients+with+gastric+cancer.">Detection and evaluation of antibodies against neutrophil-activating protein of Helicobacter pylori in patients with gastric cancer.</a> World J. Gastroenterol. 15 (19), 2381-2388 (2009).</li><li>Song, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+CagA-independent+cluster+of+antigens+related+to+the+risk+of+noncardia+gastric+cancer:+associations+between+Helicobacter+pylori+and+gastric+adenocarcinoma+explored+by+multiplex+serology.">A CagA-independent cluster of antigens related to the risk of noncardia gastric cancer: associations between Helicobacter pylori and gastric adenocarcinoma explored by multiplex serology.</a> Int. J. Cancer. 134 (12), 2942-2950 (2014).</li><li>Kottakis, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Helicobacter+pylori+neutrophil-activating+protein+activates+neutrophils+by+its+C-terminal+region+even+without+dodecamer+formation,+which+is+a+prerequisite+for+DNA+protection--novel+approaches+against+Helicobacter+pylori+inflammation.">Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein activates neutrophils by its C-terminal region even without dodecamer formation, which is a prerequisite for DNA protection--novel approaches against Helicobacter pylori inflammation.</a> FEBS J. 275 (2), 302-317 (2008).</li><li>Thoreson, A. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differences+in+surface-exposed+antigen+expression+between+Helicobacter+pylori+isolated+from+duodenal+ulcer+patients+and+from+asymptomatic+subjects.">Differences in surface-exposed antigen expression between Helicobacter pylori isolated from duodenal ulcer patients and from asymptomatic subjects.</a> J. Clin. Microbiol. 38 (9), 3436-3441 (2000).</li><li>Wang, C. A., Liu, Y. C., Du, S. Y., Lin, C. W., Fu, H. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Helicobacter+pylori+neutrophil-activating+protein+promotes+myeloperoxidase+release+from+human+neutrophils.">Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein promotes myeloperoxidase release from human neutrophils.</a> Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 377 (1), 52-56 (2008).</li><li>Iyer, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reduced+surface+area+chromatography+for+flow-through+purification+of+viruses+and+virus+like+particles.">Reduced surface area chromatography for flow-through purification of viruses and virus like particles.</a> J. Chromatogr. A. 1218 (26), 3973-3981 (2011).</li><li>Wongchuphan, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Purification+of+rabbit+polyclonal+immunoglobulin+G+using+anion+exchangers.">Purification of rabbit polyclonal immunoglobulin G using anion exchangers.</a> Process Biochem. 46 (1), 101-107 (2011).</li><li>Lu, X., Zhao, D., Su, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Purification+of+hemoglobin+by+ion+exchange+chromatography+in+flow-through+mode+with+PEG+as+an+escort.">Purification of hemoglobin by ion exchange chromatography in flow-through mode with PEG as an escort.</a> Artif. Cells Blood Substit. Immobil. Biotechnol. 32 (2), 209-227 (2004).</li><li>Brooks, S. P., Storey, K. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Purification+and+characterization+of+a+protein+phosphatase+that+dephosphorylates+pyruvate+kinase+in+an+anoxia+tolerant+animal.">Purification and characterization of a protein phosphatase that dephosphorylates pyruvate kinase in an anoxia tolerant animal.</a> Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 38 (6), 1223-1234 (1996).</li><li>Gewirtz, A. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Salmonella+typhimurium+translocates+flagellin+across+intestinal+epithelia,+inducing+a+proinflammatory+response.">Salmonella typhimurium translocates flagellin across intestinal epithelia, inducing a proinflammatory response.</a> J. Clin. Invest. 107 (1), 99-109 (2001).</li><li>Levison, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Large-scale+ion-exchange+column+chromatography+of+proteins:+Comparison+of+different+formats.">Large-scale ion-exchange column chromatography of proteins: Comparison of different formats.</a> J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 790 (1-2), 17-33 (2003).</li><li>Lee, M. F. X., Chan, E. S., Tey, B. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Negative+chromatography:+Progress,+applications+and+future+perspectives.">Negative chromatography: Progress, applications and future perspectives.</a> Process Biochem. 49 (6), 1005-1011 (2014).</li><li>Yang, Y. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+yield+purification+of+Helicobacter+pylori+neutrophil-activating+protein+overexpressed+in+Escherichia+coli.">High yield purification of Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein overexpressed in Escherichia coli.</a> BMC biotechnol. 15 (23), (2015).</li><li>Iankov, I. D., Haralambieva, I. H., Galanis, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunogenicity+of+attenuated+measles+virus+engineered+to+express+Helicobacter+pylori+neutrophil-activating+protein.">Immunogenicity of attenuated measles virus engineered to express Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein.</a> Vaccine. 29 (8), 1710-1720 (2011).</li><li>Shih, K. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=One-step+chromatographic+purification+of+Helicobacter+pylori+protein+expressed+in+Bacillus+subtilis.">One-step chromatographic purification of Helicobacter pylori protein expressed in Bacillus subtilis.</a> PLoS One. 8 (4), e60786 (2013).</li><li>Liu, H., Naismith, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+efficient+one-step+site-directed+deletion,+insertion,+single+and+multiple-site+plasmid+mutagenesis+protocol.">An efficient one-step site-directed deletion, insertion, single and multiple-site plasmid mutagenesis protocol.</a> BMC biotechnol. 8 (91), (2008).</li><li>Karnik, A., Karnik, R., Grefen, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SDM-assist+software+to+design+site-directed+mutagenesis+primers+introducing+'silent'+restriction+sites.">SDM-assist software to design site-directed mutagenesis primers introducing 'silent' restriction sites.</a> BMC bioinformatics. 14 (105), (2013).</li></ol>

The negative mode batch chromatography with DEAE anion-exchange resins presented here is suitable for purification of recombinant HP-NAP overexpressed in E coli. The pH values of the buffers used in the steps of cell lysis and purification are very critical to ensure the solubility of HP-NAP in E. coli lysates and efficient separation of recombinant HP-NAP from host cell impurities, respectively. Bacterial cells should be lysed at pH 9.0, and the negative purification should be performed at pH 8.0 to ob...

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major cause of gastritis and peptic ulcer. This bacterium has also been classified as a carcinogen in humans by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, part of the World Health Organization, in 1994. It has been estimated that the prevalence of H. pylori infection is 70% in the developing countries and 30-40% in the industrialized countries1. Even though the infection rate of H. pylori is decreasing in the industrialized countries, the infection rate of H. pylori in the developing countries is still high2. The standard treatment to eradicate H. pylori infection consists of the administration of a proton pump inhibitor, PPI, and two antibiotics, clarithromycin plus amoxicillin or metronidazole3. However, the rise of antibiotic resistance in H. pylori-related ulcer therapy urges the development of new strategies to prevent or cure the infection. Development of preventive and/or therapeutic vaccination against H. pylori could provide an alternative approach to control H. pylori infection.
Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP), a major virulence factor of H pylori, was first identified in water extracts of H. pylori with the ability to activate neutrophils to adhere to endothelial cells and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS)4. Neutrophil infiltration of gastric mucosa found in H. pylori-infected patients with active gastritis may result in inflammation and tissue damage of the stomach. Thus, HP-NAP may play a pathological role by activating neutrophils to induce gastric inflammation, which further causes ulcer or H. pylori-associated gastric diseases. Nevertheless, HP-NAP is a potential candidate for clinical applications5,6. Due to the immunogenic and immunomodulatory properties of HP-NAP, this protein could be used to develop vaccines, therapeutic agents, and diagnostic tools. A clinical trial has been conducted for using recombinant HP-NAP as one of the components of a protein vaccine against H. pylori. This vaccine consists of recombinant HP-NAP, cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA), and vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) proteins formulated with aluminum hydroxide and has further been demonstrated to be safe and immunogenic in humans7. Also, HP-NAP acts as a potent immunomodulator to trigger T helper type 1 (Th1)-polarized immune responses for cancer therapy8 and to down regulate Th2-mediated immune responses elicited by allergic reactions and parasitic infections9,10. As for diagnostics, recombinant HP-NAP-based ELISA has been applied to detect serum antibodies against HP-NAP in H. pylori-infected patients11. One study showed that the level of HP-NAP-specific antibodies in sera from H. pylori-infected patients with gastric cancer was significantly higher than that from patients with chronic gastritis12. Another study also showed that serum antibodies against HP-NAP are associated with the presence of non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma13. Thus, recombinant HP-NAP-based ELISA may be applied to detect serum antibodies against HP-NAP for prognosis of gastric cancer in H. pylori-infected patients. Taken together, the purified HP-NAP could be further utilized for the prevention, treatment, and prognosis of H. pylori-associated diseases as well as cancer therapy.
Among the several methods used for purification of recombinant HP-NAP expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) in its native form reported so far, a second purification step involving gel-filtration chromatography is needed to obtain highly pure HP-NAP14-16. Here, a method using negative mode batch chromatography with diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) ion-exchange resins is described for purification of HP-NAP overexpressed in E. coli with high yield and high purity. This purification technique was based on the binding of host cell proteins and/or impurities other than HP-NAP to the resin. At pH 8.0, almost no other proteins except HP-NAP are recovered from the unbound fraction. This purification approach using DEAE ion-exchange chromatography in negative mode is simple and time saving by allowing purification of recombinant HP-NAP via one-step chromatography through the collection of the unbound fraction. In addition to HP-NAP, several other biomolecules, such as viruses17, Immunoglobulin G (IgG)18, hemoglobin19, protein phosphatase20, and virulence factor flagellin21, have also been reported to be purified by ion-exchange chromatography in negative mode. The negative mode is preferred for ion-exchange chromatography if impurities are the minor components present in the sample subjected to be purified22. The application of negative chromatography in purification of natural or recombinant biomolecules has been recently reviewed23.
The present report provides a step by step protocol for expression of recombinant HP-NAP in E. coli, lysis of the cells, and purification of HP-NAP using negative mode batch chromatography with DEAE ion-exchange resins. If a protein desired for purification is suitable for ion-exchange chromatography in negative mode, the described protocol could also be adapted as a starting point for development of a purification process.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Material</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pET42a-NAP&#160;</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>prepared as described in Supplementary data of Refernce 15&#160; 
			http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X08018317</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E. coli BL21 (DE3)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc</td>
			<td>C6000-03</td>
			<td>https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/C600003</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kanamycin</td>
			<td>Amresco</td>
			<td>25389-94-0</td>
			<td>http://www.amresco-inc.com/KANAMYCIN-SULFATE-0408.cmsx</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropyl &#946;-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)</td>
			<td>MD Biomedical Inc</td>
			<td>101-367-93-1</td>
			<td>http://www.antibody-antibodies.com/product_det.php?id=238064&#38;supplier=search&#38;name =IPTG%20</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>10837091001</td>
			<td>protease inhibitor 
			http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/roche/PMSFRO?lang=en&#38;region=TW</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-alpha-tosyl-L-lysinyl-chloromethylketone (TLCK)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T7254</td>
			<td>protease inhibitor 
			http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/t7254?lang=en&#38;region=TW</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-tosyl-L-phenylalaninyl-chloromethylketone (TPCK)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T4376</td>
			<td>protease inhibitor 
			http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/t4376?lang=en&#38;region=TW</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bio-Rad protein assay dye reagent concentrate</td>
			<td>Bio&#8208;Rad</td>
			<td>500-0006</td>
			<td>for protein quantitation 
			http://www.bio-rad.com/en-us/sku/5000006-bio-rad-protein-assay-dye-reagent-concentrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protein standard (bovine serum albumin)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P5619&#160;</td>
			<td>a standard protein for Bio-Rad Protein Assay 
			http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/fluka/p5619?lang=en&#38;region=TW</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DEAE&#8211;Sephadex &#160;A-25 chloride form</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A25120</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/a25120?lang=en&#38;region=TW</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectrum/Por dialysis tubing</td>
			<td>Spectrum Laboratories</td>
			<td>132720</td>
			<td>with molecular weight cutoff of 14 kDa 
			http://www.spectrumlabs.com/dialysis/RCtubing.html?Pn=132720;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acrodisc&#174; units with Mustang&#174; E membrane</td>
			<td>Pall</td>
			<td>MSTG25E3</td>
			<td>for endotoxin removal; operated at flow rates ranging from 1 to 4 ml/min 
			http://www.pall.com/main/laboratory/product.page?id=19992</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mouse monoclonal antibody MAb 16F4</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>raised against the purified HP-NAP of H. pylori strain NCTC 11637 as described in Refernce 23;&#160; A gift from Drs. Evanthia Galanis and Ianko D. Iankov at Mayo Clinic, USA 
			http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X10017585</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HiLoad 16/600 Superdex 200 pg</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare Life Sciences</td>
			<td>28989335</td>
			<td>for gel filtration chromatography 
			http://www.gelifesciences.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/productById/en/GELifeSciences-tw/28989335</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PlusOne silver staining kit, protein</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare Life Sciences</td>
			<td>17-1150-01</td>
			<td>http://www.gelifesciences.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/productById/en/GELifeSciences-tw/17115001</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ficoll-Paque PLUS</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare Life Sciences</td>
			<td>17-1440-02</td>
			<td>for density gradient centrifugation to purify human neutrophils 
			http://www.gelifesciences.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/catalog/en/GELifeSciences-tw/products/AlternativeProductStructure _16963/17144002</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flat bottom 96-well white plate</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc</td>
			<td>236108</td>
			<td>http://www.thermoscientific.com/en/product/nunc-f96-microwell-black-white-polystyrene-plate.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luminol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A8511</td>
			<td>protected from light 
			http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sigma/a8511?lang=en&#38;region=TW</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Expand &#160;long template PCR system</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>11681834001</td>
			<td>source of High Fidelity PCR enzyme mix 
			http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/roche/elongro?lang=en&#38;region=TW</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dpn I</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0176S</td>
			<td>https://www.neb.com/products/r0176-dpni</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xho I</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0146S</td>
			<td>https://www.neb.com/products/r0146-xhoi</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E. coli DH5&#945;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc</td>
			<td>18265-017</td>
			<td>https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/18265017</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Product Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td> 
			&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>U-2800 double beam UV/VIS spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Hitachi&#160;</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>out of market and upgraded to a new model 
			http://hitachi-hta.com/products/life-sciences-chemical-analysis/uvvisible-spectrophotometers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EmulsiFlex-C3 high pressure homogenizer</td>
			<td>Avestin Inc</td>
			<td>C315320</td>
			<td>http://www.avestin.com/English/c3page.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hitachi Koki himac CP80WX general ultracentrifuge</td>
			<td>Hitachi Koki Co</td>
			<td>90106401</td>
			<td>for separation of the soluble and insoluble protein fractions from E. coli lysates 
			http://centrifuges.hitachi-koki.com/products/ultra/cp_wx/cp_wx.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#196;KTA FPLC</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare Life Sciences</td>
			<td>18-1900-26</td>
			<td>for gel filtration chromatography 
			http://www.gelifesciences.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/productById/en/GELifeSciences-tw/18190026</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aviv model 62ADS CD spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Aviv Biomedical</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>out of market and upgraded to a new model 
			http://www.avivbiomedical.com/circular.php</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LAS-3000 imaging system</td>
			<td>Fujifilm</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>discontinued and replaced 
			http://www.gelifesciences.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/productById/en/GELifeSciences-tw/28955810</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wallac 1420 (Victor2) multilabel counter</td>
			<td>Perkin-Elmer</td>
			<td>1420-018</td>
			<td>for chemiluminescence detection 
			http://www.perkinelmer.com/catalog/product/id/1420-018</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

one-step negative chromatographic purification of helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein overexpressed in escherichia coli in batch mode

Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) is a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). It plays a critical role in H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation by activating several innate leukocytes including neutrophils, monocytes, and mast cells. The immunogenic and immunomodulatory properties of HP-NAP make it a potential diagnostic and vaccine candidate for H. pylori and a new drug candidate for cancer therapy. In order to obtain substantial quantities of purified HP-NAP used for its clinical applications, an efficient method to purify this protein with high yield and purity needs to be established.
In this protocol, we have described a method for one-step negative chromatographic purification of recombinant HP-NAP overexpressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) by using diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) ion-exchange resins (e.g., Sephadex) in batch mode. Recombinant HP-NAP constitutes nearly 70% of the total protein in E. coli and is almost fully recovered in the soluble fraction upon cell lysis at pH 9.0. Under the optimal condition at pH 8.0, the majority of HP-NAP is recovered in the unbound fraction while the endogenous proteins from E. coli are efficiently removed by the resin.
This purification method using negative mode batch chromatography with DEAE ion-exchange resins yields functional HP-NAP from E. coli in its native form with high yield and purity. The purified HP-NAP could be further utilized for the prevention, treatment, and prognosis of H. pylori-associated diseases as well as cancer therapy.

The schematic diagram of the experimental procedure of negative purification of recombinant HP-NAP expressed in E. coli by using DEAE ion-exchange resins in batch mode is shown in Figure 1. This purification technique is based on the binding of host cell proteins and/or impurities other than HP-NAP to the resin. At pH 8.0, almost no other proteins except HP-NAP in its native form are recovered from the unbound fraction (Figure 2A and B</s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about One-step Negative Chromatographic Purification of Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-activating Protein Overexpressed in Escherichia coli in Batch Mode at JoVE.co

One-step Negative Chromatographic Purification of Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-activating Protein Overexpressed in Escherichia coli in Batch Mode

A high yield method for one-step negative purification of recombinant Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) overexpressed in Escherichia coli by using diethylaminoethyl resins in batch mode is described. HP-NAP purified by this method is beneficial for the development of vaccines, drugs, or diagnostics for H. pylori-associated diseases.

One-step Negative Chromatographic Purification of Helicobacter pylori Neutrophil-activating Protein Overexpressed in Escherichia coli in Batch Mode

Helicobacter pylori neutrophil-activating protein (HP-NAP) is a major virulence factor of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). It plays a critical role in H. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Rapid Identification of Gram Negative Bacteria from Blood Culture Broth Using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

An important role of the clinical microbiology laboratory is to provide rapid identification of bacteria causing bloodstream infection. Traditional ...

Non-Invasive Model of Neuropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection in the Neonatal Rat

Non-Invasive Model of Neuropathogenic Escherichia coli Infection in the Neonatal Rat

Investigation of the interactions between animal host and bacterial pathogen is only meaningful if the infection model employed replicates the principal ...

High Resolution Electron Microscopy of the Helicobacter pylori Cag Type IV Secretion System Pili Produced in Varying Conditions of Iron Availability

High Resolution Electron Microscopy of the Helicobacter pylori Cag Type IV Secretion System Pili Produced in Varying Conditions of Iron Availability

Helicobacter pylori is a helical-shaped, gram negative bacterium that colonizes the human gastric niche of half of the human population1,2.  H. pylori is ...

Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System

Detection of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli Colonization in Murine Host by Non-invasive In Vivo Bioluminescence System

Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7, which is a foodborne pathogen that causesdiarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis (HS), and hemolytic uremic syndrome ...

Creation of a Dense Transposon Insertion Library Using Bacterial Conjugation in Enterobacterial Strains Such As Escherichia Coli or Shigella flexneri

Creation of a Dense Transposon Insertion Library Using Bacterial Conjugation in Enterobacterial Strains Such As Escherichia Coli or Shigella flexneri

Transposon mutagenesis is a method that allows gene disruption via the random genomic insertion of a piece of DNA called a transposon. The protocol below ...

Overexpression and Purification of Human Cis-prenyltransferase in Escherichia coli

Overexpression and Purification of Human Cis-prenyltransferase in Escherichia coli

Prenyltransferases (PT) are a group of enzymes that catalyze chain elongation of allylic diphosphate using isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) via multiple ...

A Facile Protocol to Generate Site-Specifically Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia Coli

A Facile Protocol to Generate Site-Specifically Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia Coli

Post-translational modifications that occur at specific positions of proteins have been shown to play important roles in a variety of cellular processes. ...

Dissecting Multi-protein Signaling Complexes by Bimolecular Complementation Affinity Purification (BiCAP)

Dissecting Multi-protein Signaling Complexes by Bimolecular Complementation Affinity Purification BiCAP

The assembly of protein complexes is a central mechanism underlying the regulation of many cell signaling pathways. A major focus of biomedical research ...

Using Enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein-expressing Escherichia Coli to Assess Mouse Peritoneal Macrophage Phagocytosis

Using Enhanced Green Fluorescence Protein-expressing Escherichia Coli to Assess Mouse Peritoneal Macrophage Phagocytosis

This manuscript describes a simple and reproducible method to perform a phagocytosis assay. The first part of this method involves building a ...

Purification of a High Molecular Mass Protein in Streptococcus mutans

Purification of a High Molecular Mass Protein in Streptococcus mutans

Elucidation of a gene&#39;s function typically involves comparison of phenotypic traits of wild-type strains and strains in which the gene of interest has ...