Name: fabrication of white light-emitting electrochemical cells with stable emission from exciplexes
Uploaded: 2016-11-15T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 5 min 51 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes at JoVE.com

这项工作是部分被格兰特 - 在援助科学研究（24225003号）的支持。这项工作是由JX新日本石油和能源公司资助。

1.活动层溶液的制备<ol><li> 对于胺掺杂PFD设备的有源层解决方案 注:PFD，4,4&#39;，4&#39;&#39; -三[2-萘基（苯基）氨基]三苯基胺（2-TNATA），9,9-二甲基-N，N&#39; -二（1-萘基） - N ，N&#39;-二苯基-9H-芴-2,7-二胺（DMFL-NPB），聚（环氧乙烷）（PEO），被原样使用。钾酯（K 2 CF 3 SO 3）的混合物在200℃下真空干燥，使用前1小时。 <ol><li>对于具有PFD的设备:1胺比:0.25，溶解10毫克的PFD和在1毫升氯仿中2.5毫克的芳香族胺中，并在40℃下搅拌1小时。对于那些具有PFD:1胺:1的比例，用10毫克的芳香胺。 </li><li>另外，将溶解10毫克的PEO在1ml环己酮，并在60℃下搅拌1小时，并溶解2.5毫克的钾三氟甲烷磺酸（KCF 3 SO 3）在1毫升环己酮中并搅拌在40℃1小时。 </li><li>添加0.78毫升PEO的溶液和0.147毫升所述KCF 3 SO 3溶液，使用微量PFD的溶液。搅拌4小时，在40℃的混合溶液中。 </li><li>筛选使用旋转涂布之前的膜过滤器的混合溶液中。 </li></ol></li><li> 对于未掺杂PFD设备有源层解决方案 <ol><li>对于未掺杂的PFD装置中，溶解10毫克PFD的在1毫升氯仿中，并搅拌，在40℃1小时。随后的步骤是相同的​​那些1.1.2胺掺杂的工艺流程图先前描述 - 1.1.4。 </li></ol></li></ol> 2. LEC器件的制造注:LEC器件的制造过程总结于图1中 。 <ol><li>超声清洁图案化氧化铟锡（ITO）玻璃用稀洗涤剂基质，接着离子水，丙酮和2-丙醇用台式超声浴（38千赫）下3分钟为每一个步骤。最后，删除使用N 2鼓风机溶剂。 </li><li>治疗用UV / O 3的基片，使用的UV / O 3，根据制造商的协议处理单元3分钟。在惰性气氛下进行，在手套箱中的活性层涂覆过程。 </li><li>设置于旋涂器的头部的清洗衬底。分配大约100微升使用微量有源层溶液。旋转该衬底，如下所示:800转60秒，增加的速率1000转以上3秒，然后以1000rpm旋转10秒。有源层厚度将大约150纳米。 </li><li>干燥在手套箱过夜涂覆的基材。 </li><li>擦去过量的聚合物，以确保正确的电极连接和封装。 </li><li>放置在基板上的铝沉积的蒸发支架。装载在蒸发腔室中的保持器，并且热沉积的铝100nm的层在通过一个不锈钢蒸发掩模0.4纳米/秒的蒸镀速率，它有3毫米淀积铝反电极宽的开口。 </li><li>当沉积完成时，传送在惰性气氛下的设备的手套箱。在使用分配器的矩形的形状应用UV固化环氧树脂的珠粒。放置的盖玻璃（15毫米×12毫米×厚0.7mm）在树脂封装装置（参见图1）。 </li><li>固化用树脂的紫外辐射（累积剂量:6000毫焦/厘米2，波长:365纳米）从UV-LED光源。 </li></ol> 3.表征<ol><li> JVL测量 注意:电流密度（J） - 电压（V）的-luminance（L）使用配备有直流电压电流源监视器的光谱光检测器进行测定（JVL）特性和委员会国际歌DE L&#39;Eclairage（CIE）坐标。该测量系统是由一个控制PC与数据采集自定义的控制软件。该系统进行校准以下制造商的方案，并在一个黑色的帘在黑暗中进行的测量。 <ol><li>终端连接到设备的鳄鱼夹的联系人。放置设备上的测量载台。 </li><li>运行数据采集控制软件。该系统控制随着时间的推移所施加的电压和电流，并通过光纤收集由分光计的发射光谱。 </li></ol></li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

该LEC具有包含疏水PFD和芳族胺，和亲水聚环氧乙烷和KCF 3 SO 3的有源层。因为这些材料具有非常不同的溶解度，旋涂溶液的精心准备是关键的，以避免不完全溶解。每个必须首先在有足够的溶解能力的，则该溶液被混合在一起以形成均匀的混合物的溶剂分别和完全溶解。平衡激子和激基复合物的排放量是关键，获得白光发射。因此，PFD和胺的量必须精确测量。 ...

Research and development of polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) have expanded in recent years.1-15 PLECs are similar to organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in that both are surface emitting organic devices and are expected to find their way into future lighting applications. OLEDs are already on the market, but the cost is still high, one reason being that OLEDs need a complicated device structure with multiple layers. In contrast, PLECs have a very simple device structure which consists of a single active layer (emitting layer) between a pair of electrodes. This means that PLECs are suited to mass production processes such as roll-to-roll printing and coating. 
A PLEC has an active layer consisting of a fluorescent &#960;-conjugated polymer (FCP). The FCP can be electrochemically doped with a polymer electrolyte (a mixture of an ion conducting polymer and a salt). The FCP is p-doped on the anode side and n-doped on the cathode side during operation, and generates excitons which emit light between the p- and n-doped regions. Therefore, the emission color reflects the exciton emission (=fluorescence) wavelength of the FCP.
Stable white light emission is important for lighting applications, and color mixing techniques which employ two or more emitters have been widely used to achieve this.10-14 Recently, we presented a different approach for obtaining stable white light emission, using an active layer which contains blue-fluorescent poly(9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFD) and &#960;-conjugated aromatic amines15. This white light emission comes from exciplexes formed between PFD and amine molecules in excited states. Exciplex emission has a broader spectrum compared to the exciton emission from the PDF and/or amines, which gives it a color close to that of natural light. This translates to a higher color rendering index (CRI), which is preferable for lighting applications.
In this article, the authors describe the procedure used to fabricate the exciplex based LECs and show the stability of their white light emission.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Poly(9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFD)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td>571660</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4,4&amp;rsquo;,4&amp;rsquo;&amp;rsquo;-Tris[2-naphthyl(phenyl)amino] triphenylamine (2-TNATA)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td>768669</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>9,9-Dimethyl-&lt;em&gt;N,N&amp;rsquo;&lt;/em&gt;-di(1-naphthyl)-&lt;em&gt;N,N&amp;rsquo;&lt;/em&gt;-diphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (DMFL-NPB)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td>182028</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Potassium tirifluoromethansulfonate (KCF&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)</td><td>Aldrich</td><td>422843</td><td>dried under vacuum at 200 &amp;deg;C for 2&amp;nbsp;hr prior to use</td></tr><tr><td>Chloroform</td><td>Kanto Chemical Co.</td><td>08097-25</td><td>dehydrated</td></tr><tr><td>Cyclohexanone</td><td>Kanto Chemical Co.</td><td>07555-00</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SCAT 20-X (detergent)</td><td>Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku</td><td></td><td>diluted with water</td></tr><tr><td>Acetone</td><td>Kanto Chemical Co.</td><td>01866-25</td><td>Electronic grage</td></tr><tr><td>2-propanol</td><td>Kanto Chemical Co.</td><td>32439-75</td><td>Electronic grage</td></tr><tr><td>13 mm GD/X Disposable Filter Device PVDF Filter Media, Polypropylene Housing</td><td>Whatman</td><td>6872-1304</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>UV/O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; Treating Unit</td><td>SEN Lights Co.</td><td>SSP16-110</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spectral Photo Detector</td><td>Otsuka Electronics</td><td>MCPD 9800</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Voltage Current Source Monitor</td><td>ADCMT</td><td>6241A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Evaporation Mask</td><td>Tokyo Process Service Co., Ltd.</td><td>NA</td><td>The evaporation mask was wet-etched to create openings for patterned deposition of aluminum. The size of the mask is 100 mm x 100 mm x 0.2&amp;nbsp;mm-thick.</td></tr></tbody></table>

fabrication of white light-emitting electrochemical cells with stable emission from exciplexes

作者提出的用于制造由高分子发光电化学电池具有其由蓝色荧光的聚（9,9-二正dodecylfluorenyl -2,7-二基）的活性层稳定的白光发射（PLECS）的方法（ PFD）和π共轭三苯基胺的分子。这种白光发射从电子激发态PFD和胺之间形成激发络合物起源。含有PFD，4,4&#39;，4&#39;&#39;装置-三[2-萘基（苯基）氨基]三苯基胺（2-TNATA），聚（环氧乙烷）和K 2 CF 3 SO 3显示白色发光用委员会国际歌DE L&#39;éclairage（CIE）坐标的（0.33，0.43）和以3.5 V恒定电压测量的施加电压为Ra = 73的显色指数（CRI）表明，在CIE的（0.27，0.37）中，Ra的坐标67，及5V的施加电压后立即观察到的发光颜色几乎不变，后稳定300秒。

电致发光（EL）光谱用来计算CIE坐标和CRI值（ 图2,4，5）。收集发射器件的拍摄图像来验证发射（ 图3）的白度。 胺掺杂PFD设备和未掺杂的PFD器件的EL光谱示于图2。未掺杂的PFD器件显示相对应的PFD激子发射的蓝色发射。同时，2-TNATA和DMFL-NPB掺杂器件表现出更长的波长发射相比，未掺杂的PFD?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes at JoVE.com

Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes

The authors present a method for fabricating stable white-light-emitting electrochemical cells utilizing emission from exciplexes formed between a blue-emitting fluorene polymer and aromatic amines.

白的制造发光电化学细胞与来自激发络合物稳定的发射

The authors present an approach for fabricating stable white light emission from polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells (PLECs) having an active ...

fabrication-white-light-emitting-electrochemical-cells-with-stable

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

8.0K 次观看.  JX Nippon Oil & Energy Corporation. The authors present a method for fabricating stable white-light-emitting electrochemical cells utilizing emission from exciplexes formed between a blue-emitting fluorene polymer and aromatic amines.

视频: Fabrication of White Light-emitting Electrochemical Cells with Stable Emission from Exciplexes

Integrating a Triplet-triplet Annihilation Up-conversion System to Enhance Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Response to Sub-bandgap Light

The poor response of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) to red and infrared light is a significant impediment to the realization of higher photocurrents and hence higher efficiencies. Photon up-conversion by way of triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA-UC) is an attractive technique for using these otherwise wasted low energy photons to produce photocurrent, while not interfering with the photoanodic performance in a deleterious manner. Further to this, TTA-UC has a number of features, distinct from other reported photon up-conversion technologies, which renders it particularly suitable for coupling with DSC technology. In this work, a proven high performance TTA-UC system, comprising a palladium porphyrin sensitizer and rubrene emitter, is combined with a high performance DSC (utilizing the organic dye D149) in an integrated device. The device shows an enhanced response to sub-bandgap light over the absorption range of the TTA-UC sub-unit resulting in the highest figure of merit for up-conversion assisted DSC performance to date.

An integrated device, incorporating a dye-sensitized solar cell and triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion unit was produced, affording enhanced light harvesting, from a wider section of the solar spectrum. Under modest irradiation levels a significantly enhanced response to low energy photons was demonstrated, yielding a record figure of merit for dye-sensitized solar cells.

集成的三重态 - 三重态湮灭上转换系统，提高染料敏化太阳能电池的响应子带隙光

The poor response of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) to red and infrared light is a significant impediment to the realization of higher photocurrents ...

科研

工程学

Scale-up Chemical Synthesis of Thermally-activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters Based on the Dibenzothiophene-S,S-Dioxide Core

We report a procedure to linearly scale-up the synthesis of 2,8-bis(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide (compound 4) and 2,8-bis(10H-phenothiazin-10-yl)dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide (compound 5) using Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction conditions. In addition, we demonstrate a scaled-up synthesis of all non-commercially available starting materials that are required for the amination cross-coupling reaction. In the present article, we provide the detailed synthetic procedures for all of the described compounds, alongside their spectral characterization. This work shows the possibility to produce organic molecules for optoelectronic applications on a large scale, which facilitates their implementation into real world devices.

Scale-up synthesis of highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters is described in the presented article.

基于吩 s-二氧化硫核的热活化延迟荧光发射器的放大化学合成

We report a procedure to linearly scale-up the synthesis of 2,8-bis(3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)dibenzothiophene-S,S-dioxide (compound 4) and ...

化学

Time-resolved Photophysical Characterization of Triplet-harvesting Organic Compounds at an Oxygen-free Environment Using an iCCD Camera

Here, we present a sensible method of the acquisition and analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence using an ultrafast iCCD camera. This system enables the acquisition of photoluminescence spectra covering the time regime from nanoseconds up to 0.1 s. This enables us to follow the changes in the intensity (decay) and emission of the spectra over time. Using this method, it is possible to study diverse photophysical phenomena, such as the emission of phosphorescence, and the contributions of prompt and delayed fluorescence in molecules showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Remarkably, all spectra and decays are obtained in a single experiment. This can be done for solids (thin film, powder, crystal) and liquid samples, where the only limitations are the spectral sensitivity of the camera and the excitation wavelength (532 nm, 355 nm, 337 nm, and 266 nm). This technique is, thus, very important when investigating the excited state dynamics in organic emitters for their application in organic light-emitting diodes and other areas where triplet harvesting is of paramount importance. Since triplet states are strongly quenched by oxygen, emitters with efficient TADF luminescence, or those showing room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), must be correctly prepared in order to remove any dissolved oxygen from solutions and films. Otherwise, no long-lived emission will be observed. The method of degassing solid samples as presented in this work is basic and simple, but the degassing of liquid samples creates additional difficulties and is particularly interesting. A method of minimizing solvent loss and changing the sample concentration, while still enabling to remove oxygen in a very efficient and a repeatable manner, is presented in this work.

Here, we present a method of the spectroscopic characterization of organic molecules by means of time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy on the nanosecond-to-millisecond timescale in oxygen-free conditions. Methods to efficiently remove oxygen from the samples and, thus, limit luminescence quenching are also described.

利用 iccd 摄像机对无氧环境下的三重收集有机化合物进行光物理表征

Here, we present a sensible method of the acquisition and analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence using an ultrafast iCCD camera. This system enables ...

Production and Characterization of Vacuum Deposited Organic Light Emitting Diodes

A method for producing simple and efficient thermally-activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on guest-host or exciplex donor-acceptor emitters is presented. With a step-by-step procedure, readers will be able to repeat and produce OLED devices based on simple organic emitters. A patterning procedure allowing the creation of personalized indium tin oxide (ITO) shape is shown. This is followed by the evaporation of all layers, encapsulation and characterization of each individual device. The end goal is to present a procedure that will give the opportunity to repeat the information presented in cited publication but also using different compounds and structures in order to prepare efficient OLEDs.

A protocol for the production of simple structured organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is presented.

真空沉积有机发光二极管的生产与表征

A method for producing simple and efficient thermally-activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on guest-host or exciplex ...

Enhanced Electron Injection and Exciton Confinement for Pure Blue Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes by Introducing Partially Oxidized Aluminum Cathode

Stable and efficient red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light sources based on solution-processed quantum dots (QDs) play important roles in next-generation displays and solid-state lighting technologies. The brightness and efficiency of blue QDs-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) remain inferior to their red and green counterparts, due to the inherently unfavorable energy levels of different colors of light. To solve these problems, a device structure should be designed to balance the injection holes and electrons into the emissive QD layer. Herein, through a simple autoxidation strategy, pure blue QD-LEDs which are highly bright and efficient are demonstrated, with a structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Poly-TPD/QDs/Al:Al2O3. The autoxidized Al:Al2O3 cathode can effectively balance the injected charges and enhance radiative recombination without introducing an additional electron transport layer (ETL). As a result, high color-saturated blue QD-LEDs are achieved with a maximum luminance over 13,000 cd m-2, and a maximum current efficiency of 1.15 cd A-1. The easily controlled autoxidation procedure paves the way for achieving high-performance blue QD-LEDs.

A protocol is presented for fabricating high-performance, pure blue ZnCdS/ZnS-based quantum dots light-emitting diodes by employing an autoxidized aluminum cathode.

采用部分氧化铝阴极增强电子注入和激子约束的纯蓝色量子点发光二极管

Stable and efficient red (R), green (G), and blue (B) light sources based on solution-processed quantum dots (QDs) play important roles in next-generation ...

An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation

We demonstrate a method for fabricating a prototype reflective display device that contains cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) as an active component. The cholesteric LC is composed of a nematic LC 4&#39;-pentyloxy-4-cyanobiphenyl (5OCB), redox-responsive chiral dopant (FcD), and a supporting electrolyte 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMIm-OTf). The most important component is FcD. This molecule changes its helical twisting power (HTP) value in response to redox reactions. Therefore, in situ electrochemical redox reactions in the LC mixture allow for the device to change its reflection color in response to electrical stimuli. The LC mixture was introduced, by a capillary action, into a sandwich-type ITO glass cell comprising two glass slides with patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, one of which was coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) doped with perchlorate (PEDOT+). Upon application of +1.5 V, the reflection color of the device changed from blue (467 nm) to green (485 nm) in 0.4 s. Subsequent application of 0 V made the device recover the original blue color in 2.7 s. This device is characterized by its fastest electrical response and lowest operating voltage among any previously reported cholesteric LC device. This device could pave the way for the development of next generation reflective displays with low energy consumption rates.

A protocol for the fabrication of a reflective cholesteric liquid crystalline display device containing a redox-responsive chiral dopant allowing quick and low-voltage operation is presented.

一种用于快速和低压彩色调制的电化学胆固醇液晶器件

We demonstrate a method for fabricating a prototype reflective display device that contains cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) as an active component. The ...

Preparing a Celadonite Electron Source and Estimating Its Brightness

The electron celadonite source described here performs well in a low-energy electron point-source projection microscope in long-range imaging. It presents major advantages compared to sharp metal tips. Its robustness affords a lifetime of months and it can be used under relatively high pressure. The celadonite crystal is deposited at the apex of a carbon fiber, maintained itself in a coaxial structure ensuring a spherical beam shape and easy mechanical positioning to align the source, the object and the electron-optical system axis. There is a single crystal deposition via generation of celadonite-containing water droplets with a micropipette. Scanning electron microscopy observation can be performed to verify the deposition. However, this adds steps and therefore increases the risk of damaging the source. Thus, after preparation, the source is usually inserted directly under vacuum in the projection microscope. A first high voltage supply provides the kick-off needed to start the electron emission. The field emission process involved is then measured: it has already been observed for dozens of electron sources prepared in this way. The brightness is under-estimated through an over-estimation of source size, intensity at one energy and cone angle measured in a projection system.

The article presents a protocol to prepare a celadonite source and estimate its brightness for use in a long-range imaging low-energy electron point-source projection microscope.

准备一个仙人掌电子源并估计其亮度

The electron celadonite source described here performs well in a low-energy electron point-source projection microscope in long-range imaging. It presents ...

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition

The use of highly efficient organic emitters based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) concept is interesting due to their 100% internal quantum efficiency. Presented here is a solution deposition method for the fabrication of efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on a TADF emitter in a simple device structure. This fast, low-cost, and efficient process can be used for all OLED emissive layers that follow the host-guest concept. The fundamental steps are described along with necessary information for further reproduction. The goal to establish a general protocol that can be easily adapted for principal organic emitters currently under study and development.

Presented here is a protocol for the fabrication of efficient, simple, solution-deposited organic light-emitting diodes with low roll-off.

基于溶液沉积的高效OLED开发

The use of highly efficient organic emitters based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) concept is interesting due to their 100% ...

持久性发光纳米颗粒的水热合成

Synthesis of Persistent Luminescent Nanoparticles for Rewritable Displays and Illumination Applications

Persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) possess the capabilities to maintain extended longevity and robust emission even after the excitation has ceased. PLNPs have been widely used across various domains, including information displays, data encryption, biological imaging, and artistic decoration with sustained and vivid luminosity, providing boundless possibilities for a variety of innovative technology and artistic projects. This protocol focuses on an experimental procedure for the hydrothermal synthesis of PLNPs. The successful synthesis of enduring luminescent nanomaterials with Mn2+ or Cr3+ serving as a luminescent center in Zn2GeO4: Mn (ZGO: Mn) or ZnGa2O4: Cr highlights the universality of this synthetic method. On the other hand, the optical properties of ZGO: Mn can be changed by adjusting the pH of precursor solutions, demonstrating the tunability of the protocol. When charged with ultraviolet (UV) at a wavelength of 365 nm for 3 min and then stopped, PLNPs exhibit the remarkable capacity to generate afterglow efficiently and consistently, which makes them ideal for making two-dimensional rewritable displays and three-dimensional transparent, luminous artworks. This protocol outlined in this paper provides a feasible method for the synthesis of persistent luminescent nanoparticles for further illumination and imaging applications, opening up novel prospects for the fields of science and art.

作者聚焦：利用功能纳米材料推进生物成像和治疗

A protocol is presented for the synthesis of persistent luminescent nanomaterials (PLNPs) and their potential applications in rewritable displays and artistic processing utilizing the afterglow effect under ultraviolet light (365 nm) irradiation.

用于可擦写显示器和照明应用的持久性发光纳米颗粒的合成

Persistent luminescent nanoparticles (PLNPs) possess the capabilities to maintain extended longevity and robust emission even after the excitation has ...

白的制造发光电化学细胞与来自激发络合物稳定的发射

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此视频中的章节

集成的三重态 - 三重态湮灭上转换系统，提高染料敏化太阳能电池的响应子带隙光

基于吩 s-二氧化硫核的热活化延迟荧光发射器的放大化学合成

利用 iccd 摄像机对无氧环境下的三重收集有机化合物进行光物理表征

真空沉积有机发光二极管的生产与表征

采用部分氧化铝阴极增强电子注入和激子约束的纯蓝色量子点发光二极管

一种用于快速和低压彩色调制的电化学胆固醇液晶器件

准备一个仙人掌电子源并估计其亮度

基于溶液沉积的高效OLED开发

用于可擦写显示器和照明应用的持久性发光纳米颗粒的合成

用于可擦写显示器和照明应用的持久性发光纳米颗粒的合成