Name: determining glucose metabolism kinetics using 18f-fdg micro-pet/ct
Uploaded: 2017-05-02T14:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 7 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Determining Glucose Metabolism Kinetics Using 18F-FDG Micro-PET/CT at JoVE.com

This work was supported by a National Imaging Facility Subsidised Access Grant to BJC, a National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia program grant (482800) to KAR and PJB. The authors would like to thank Andrew Arthur, Hasar Hazme and Marie-Claude Gregoire for support in developing this method.

在这项研究中所描述的所有程序是由悉尼当地卫生区和悉尼动物伦理委员会的批准大学和遵循NIH 指南护理和使用实验动物 ，第八版（2011年）。 1.动物的制备注意:在这个协议中雄性db / db小鼠（BKS.Cg- DOCK7 M + / + 瘦素受体分贝 / J）维持在与随意访问组壳体食物和水直到6周龄。在成像时，将小鼠称重约30克在这个协议中使用的所有小鼠都禁食10和14毫摩尔/ L之间的血糖水平。 <ol><li>如果需要的话，快的老鼠。在本实例中，快速的小鼠之前的实验方法5小时。 </li><li>治疗与成像开始前所需的药剂（ 例如药物，蛋白质，肽）小鼠。在该示例中，管理胰岛素的皮下注射（3U / kg的人胰岛素）或等体积的PBS 30分钟之前成像的开始。 </li></ol> 2.设置工作流程注意:此协议是在PET / CT扫描仪来实现。获取第一PET数据，随后采集CT数据。 <ol><li> PET的设置: <ol><li>选择同位素如（18）F，设定扫描持续时间3600秒，上部和下部水平能量鉴别到350千电子伏- 650千电子伏（默认）为3.432纳秒（默认）重合定时窗口。直方图列表模式数据转换成16个帧（6×10秒，4×60秒，1×300秒，5×600个），在周期0 - 示踪剂注射后60分钟。重建发射正弦图使用二维-FBP的变焦1.5。 注:重建图像包括16动态帧，每个帧的128×128×159分体素和0.52×0.52×0.796毫米3的体素尺寸。 </li></ol></li><li> CT设置: <ol><li>对于全身CT扫描，在50kV，照射时间500毫秒和200个突出超过360旋转设定的电流在500 A，电压。的视场（FOV）的检测器字段设置为30722048，床位置的数目为3（以覆盖全PET视野范围），床位置= 30.234713％和检测器合并到4之间的重叠。 使用锥束断层摄影图像重建的软件与HU校准，双线性插值和Shepp-洛根滤波器进行CT重建:注意。 </li></ol></li><li> 18 F-FDG: <ol><li>交货足以18 F-FDG（例如于0.5mL 450个活度）从本地供应商。在第一次注射之前到达〜30分钟。等分试样并稀释18 F-FDG，使得动物接受〜18 F-FDG的10 MBq的0.1毫升的最终体积。 </li></ol></li></ol> 3.成像协议<ol><li>擦拭感应室和成像床用80％（V / V）乙醇，以保持无菌条件。解放军CE鼠标在感应室，并与在氧气5％异氟烷麻醉。 </li><li>鼠标放置到配有电热加热垫保持体温和一个精确的蒸发器鼻锥递送异氟烷成像床 - 以1L / min的流速（维修，1.5 2％）。应用眼药膏到眼睛，防止干燥，而麻醉下。 </li><li>鼠标在上的传感器垫俯卧位置以监测呼吸和麻醉确保有足够平面被保持定位。 </li><li> 2分钟以扩张侧尾静脉 - 使用热包1升温的尾部。通过将30号针插入侧尾静脉插入导管侧尾静脉。固定针头与手术胶水的地方和固定导管。 </li><li>负载成像床到扫描器和通过机器移动床，使得导管可从机器的后部被访问。 </li><li>附加导管到18 F-FDG注射器在SYR英格驱动程序。注入和待施用的体积（&lt;100μL，注射在10秒）之前，计算基于在注射器活动的确切18 F-FDG的剂量（10个活度）。 </li><li>为了尽量减少麻醉对葡萄糖摄取的变异性的影响，确保麻醉诱导和18 F-FDG（例如，30分钟）的喷射之间的恒定时间。 </li><li>开始的PET 18 F-FDG的注射前立即扫描。在完成PET扫描（3600个S）后，执行CT扫描（〜10分钟），以允许放射性示踪剂摄取的同组织共配准。 </li><li>移动成像床到起始位置时，从床中除去所述动物。 </li><li>此时安乐死的动物或使其恢复: <ol><li>对于安乐死，进行颈椎脱位，同时仍然在麻醉下，收集的供后续分析感兴趣的器官。 </li><li>如果允许使用鼠标来回收，放置在单个壳体中的小鼠在加热垫上或在加热灯前面。监视鼠标，直到它已重新获得足够的意识，以保持胸骨斜卧。让鼠标返回到组壳体前1个小时恢复。 </li></ol></li></ol> 4. PET图像处理利用收购Workplace软件v1.5.0.28和分析研究工作软件V4.2进行图像重建:注意。 <ol><li>共登记CT和PET图像，并确保该对准是在所有3个维度正确。 <ol><li>在"文件"菜单，选择"文件夹搜索/导入"，选择包含数据的文件夹。选择所需的PET和CT数据，然后单击"常规分析"选项卡上。 </li><li>排序，使得CR被指定为"源"和PET被指定"目标"的数据。在"工作流"菜单，选择"注册"。如果图像需要调整，以正确地共同注册，使用的工具中日E"注册"菜单。 </li></ol></li><li>在"工作流"菜单，选择"量化的投资回报率"。 <ol><li>使用在"图像"选项卡中的"潘"和"缩放"功能，找到所需的区域。在"工具"菜单，选择"创建"选项卡，然后单击画笔图标。绘制图像上的ROI </li></ol></li><li>从"保存"菜单中选择"保存ROI量化"提取时间 - 活性曲线。保存数据为CSV文件。 </li><li>量化放射性摄取如贝每组织cm 3以下。通过装载CSV文件到电子表格转换值转换成每cm 3（％ID / cm 3）的注射剂量的百分比。 </li></ol> 5.输入功能<ol><li>为了校正该系统的点扩散函数，去卷积使用reblurred范Cittert去卷积方法如前所述9 5次迭代所估计的系统的PSF。 注:这是必需由于鼠标腔静脉的小尺寸。 </li><li>使用去卷积后的图像如上述那样，以产生血液输入功能的时间 - 活性曲线。 </li></ol> 6.动力学模拟注:FDG两组织隔室模型（ 图1）需要的等离子体输入功能。 <ol><li>转换在CSV血液输入功能文件以使用下面的等式10中的等离子体输入功能:Input_plasma = Input_blood×（0.386ë - 0.191吨 + 1.165）。 </li><li>在动力学建模工具点击"动力学"按钮。导入组织和血浆总活性通过选择"菜单""加载时效曲线"算CSV文件导入动力学建模工具。 </li><li>在"模式"菜单中选择2节组织车厢。确保旁边K4未选择此方框和输入的值0。对于初始拟合，取消为VB的框（血液体积分数）和输入的2％的值。 </li><li>点击"适合当前区域"。校正所提取的感兴趣区域为分散液11，12。通过最小化的FDG模型不同分散时间的卡方值实现这一目标。 </li><li>使用浮动VB的值（检查旁边为VB框中的框）和优化的色散值来计算区域的速率常数（K 1 -k 3）执行第二配合。计算区域流入常数为K I =（K 1×K 3）/（K 2 + K 3）。 </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

这里描述的协议代表一个健壮的，非侵入性的方法来从血流进入组织以及随后的代谢在小鼠中测定的葡萄糖摄取的动力学。 所述的db / db小鼠是是已经广泛用于检查胰岛素抗性和相关的干预2型糖尿病14的公认动物模型。然而，以往的研究只量化端点摄取的心脏15和心脏和骨骼肌16。 利用动力学分析以确?...

本研究的目的是开发一种正电子发射断层成像/计算机断层扫描（PET / CT）为基础的方法从血液流入小鼠特定组织量化葡萄糖的体内 ，实时摄取。这是使用18 F-标记的氟代脱氧葡萄糖（FDG），以测量葡萄糖摄取和动力学模型来估计18 F-FDG摄取的速率从等离子体到细胞内空间，交通的速率从细胞内空间到等离子体和的速率来实现18 F-FDG的磷酸化。 在啮齿动物中，18 F-FDG已经在许多癌症治疗1，肿瘤进展2和肿瘤代谢3的研究以及褐色脂肪库4，neuroinflamation 5和脑代谢6的成像的临床前评估中使用</SUP&gt;。 用于检查葡萄糖小鼠（和大鼠）的组织特异性摄取通常涉及与任一3 H或14 C，随后安乐死，组织收集和测量放射性每个组织7的2-脱氧葡萄糖的放射性标记的治疗传统的方法。使用PET / CT的允许在多个器官和地区非侵入性的决心葡萄糖的吸收和代谢的同时在活的动物。另外，如安乐死不是必需的，该技术是适合于在纵向研究中使用。 2型糖尿病（T2DM）的特征在于破坏葡萄糖代谢和高血糖症继发于降低组织响应性胰岛素（胰岛素抵抗）和胰腺β-细胞的不能产生足够量的胰岛素8。葡萄糖摄取和代谢动力学分析可以提供重要的见解动作和治疗性干预的功效的机制以及允许疾病进展的先进的监控。

<table><tbody><tr><td>PET/CT Scanner</td><td>Siemens</td><td>Inveon&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F-FDG</td><td>PETNET Solutions</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Isoflurane</td><td>Pharmachem</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>30 guage needle</td><td>BD</td><td>305106</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PMOD modelling software</td><td>PMOD Technologies</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BKS.Cg-&lt;em&gt;Dock7m&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;+/+&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Leprdb/J&lt;/em&gt; mice</td><td>Jackson Laboratory</td><td>000642</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Human insulin</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

determining glucose metabolism kinetics using 18f-fdg micro-pet/ct

This paper describes the use of 18F-FDG and micro-PET/CT imaging to determine in vivo glucose metabolism kinetics in mice (and is transferable to rats). Impaired uptake and metabolism of glucose in multiple organ systems due to insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. The ability of this technique to extract an image-derived input function from the vena cava using an iterative deconvolution method eliminates the requirement of the collection of arterial blood samples. Fitting of tissue and vena cava time activity curves to a two-tissue, three compartment model permits the estimation of kinetic micro-parameters related to the 18F-FDG uptake from the plasma to the intracellular space, the rate of transport from intracellular space to plasma and the rate of 18F-FDG phosphorylation. This methodology allows for multiple measures of glucose uptake and metabolism kinetics in the context of longitudinal studies and also provides insights into the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.

我们以前使用过的db / db小鼠模型来研究对葡萄糖的吸收和代谢13动力学提高血浆的apoA-I水平的影响。在这项研究中，我们使用用胰岛素治疗db / db小鼠证明PET / CT成像的工具来监测18 F-FDG的从等离子体摄取到实时腓肠肌。 六周龄的db / db小鼠麻醉并30分钟的PET扫描开始之前，用3ù人胰岛素/ kg或等效体积的...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Determining Glucose Metabolism Kinetics Using 18F-FDG Micro-PET/CT at JoVE.com

Determining Glucose Metabolism Kinetics Using 18F-FDG Micro-PET/CT

This study describes a protocol that uses 18F-FDG and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging, together with kinetic modelling, to quantify the in vivo, real-time uptake of 18F-FDG into tissues.

确定葡萄糖代谢动力学研究<sup&gt; 18</sup&gt; F-FDG微PET / CT

This paper describes the use of 18F-FDG and micro-PET/CT imaging to determine in vivo glucose metabolism kinetics in mice (and is transferable to rats). ...

determining-glucose-metabolism-kinetics-using-18f-fdg-micro-petct

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Determining Glucose Metabolism Kinetics Using 18F-FDG Micro-PET/CT

13.8K 次观看.  UNSW Australia. This study describes a protocol that uses 18F-FDG and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging, together with kinetic modelling, to quantify the in vivo, real-time uptake of 18F-FDG into tissues.

视频: Determining Glucose Metabolism Kinetics Using 18F-FDG Micro-PET/CT

Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer

A hallmark of advanced tumors is a switch to aerobic glycolysis that is readily measured by [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) imaging. Co-mutations in the KRAS proto-oncogene and the LKB1 tumor suppressor gene are frequent events in lung cancer that drive hypermetabolic, glycolytic tumor growth. A critical pathway regulating the growth and metabolism of these tumors is the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which can be effectively targeted using selective catalytic mTOR kinase inhibitors. The mTOR inhibitor MLN0128 suppresses glycolysis in mice bearing tumors with Kras and Lkb1 co-mutations, referred to as KL mice. The therapy response in KL mice is first measured by 18F-FDG PET and computed tomography (CT) imaging before and after the delivery of MLN0128. By utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT, researchers are able to measure dynamic changes in the glucose metabolism in genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) of lung cancer following a therapeutic intervention with targeted therapies. This is followed by ex vivo autoradiography and a quantitative immunohistochemical (qIHC) analysis using morphometric software. The use of qIHC enables the detection and quantification of distinct changes in the biomarker profiles following treatment as well as the characterization of distinct tumor pathologies. The coupling of PET imaging to quantitative histology is an effective strategy to identify metabolic and therapeutic responses in vivo in mouse models of disease.

Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer

In this protocol, we describe how to utilize [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging to measure the tumor metabolic response to the targeted therapy MLN0128 in a Kras/Lkb1 mutant mouse model of lung cancer and coupled imaging with high resolution ex vivo autoradiography and quantitative histology.

利用18f-葡萄糖 PET/CT 成像和定量组织学测量肺癌小鼠模型葡萄糖代谢的动态变化

A hallmark of advanced tumors is a switch to aerobic glycolysis that is readily measured by [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography ...

科研

癌症研究

Quantification of Atherosclerotic Plaque Activity and Vascular Inflammation using [18-F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (FDG-PET/CT)

Conventional non-invasive imaging modalities of atherosclerosis such as coronary artery calcium (CAC)1 and carotid intimal medial thickness (C-IMT)2 provide information about the burden of disease. However, despite multiple validation studies of CAC3-5, and C-IMT2,6, these modalities do not accurately assess plaque characteristics7,8, and the composition and inflammatory state of the plaque determine its stability and, therefore, the risk of clinical events9-13.
[18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) imaging using positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has been extensively studied in oncologic metabolism14,15. Studies using animal models and immunohistochemistry in humans show that FDG-PET/CT is exquisitely sensitive for detecting macrophage activity16, an important source of cellular inflammation in vessel walls. More recently, we17,18 and others have shown that FDG-PET/CT enables highly precise, novel measurements of inflammatory activity of activity of atherosclerotic plaques in large and medium-sized arteries9,16,19,20. FDG-PET/CT studies have many advantages over other imaging modalities: 1) high contrast resolution; 2) quantification of plaque volume and metabolic activity allowing for multi-modal atherosclerotic plaque quantification; 3) dynamic, real-time, in vivo imaging; 4) minimal operator dependence. Finally, vascular inflammation detected by FDG-PET/CT has been shown to predict cardiovascular (CV) events independent of traditional risk factors21,22 and is also highly associated with overall burden of atherosclerosis23. Plaque activity by FDG-PET/CT is modulated by known beneficial CV interventions such as short term (12 week) statin therapy24 as well as longer term therapeutic lifestyle changes (16 months)25.
The current methodology for quantification of FDG uptake in atherosclerotic plaque involves measurement of the standardized uptake value (SUV) of an artery of interest and of the venous blood pool in order to calculate a target to background ratio (TBR), which is calculated by dividing the arterial SUV by the venous blood pool SUV. This method has shown to represent a stable, reproducible phenotype over time, has a high sensitivity for detection of vascular inflammation, and also has high inter-and intra-reader reliability26. Here we present our methodology for patient preparation, image acquisition, and quantification of atherosclerotic plaque activity and vascular inflammation using SUV, TBR, and a global parameter called the metabolic volumetric product (MVP). These approaches may be applied to assess vascular inflammation in various study samples of interest in a consistent fashion as we have shown in several prior publications.9,20,27,28

Quantification of Atherosclerotic Plaque Activity and Vascular Inflammation using [18-F] Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography FDG-PET/CT

There is great need to identify atherosclerosis non-invasively, and here we demonstrate how FDG-PET/CT can be used to detect and quantify atherosclerotic plaque activity and vascular inflammation.

动脉粥样硬化斑块的活动和血管炎症的定量使用[18 F]，氟正电子发射断层扫描/电脑断层扫描（FDG-PET/CT）

Conventional non-invasive imaging modalities of atherosclerosis such as coronary artery calcium (CAC)1 and carotid intimal medial thickness (C-IMT)2 ...

医学

Management of Respiratory Motion Artefacts in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography using an Amplitude-Based Optimal Respiratory Gating Algorithm

Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an important molecular imaging platform that is required for accurate diagnosis and clinical staging of a variety of diseases. The advantage of PET imaging is the ability to visualize and quantify a myriad of biological processes in vivo with high sensitivity and accuracy. However, there are multiple factors that determine image quality and quantitative accuracy of PET images. One of the foremost factors influencing image quality in PET imaging of the thorax and upper abdomen is respiratory motion, resulting in respiration-induced motion blurring of anatomical structures. Correction of these artefacts is required for providing optimal image quality and quantitative accuracy of PET images.
Several respiratory gating techniques have been developed, typically relying on acquisition of a respiratory signal simultaneously with PET data. Based on the respiratory signal acquired, PET data is selected for reconstruction of a motion-free image. Although these methods have been shown to effectively remove respiratory motion artefacts from PET images, the performance is dependent on the quality of the respiratory signal being acquired. In this study, the use of an amplitude-based optimal respiratory gating (ORG) algorithm is discussed. In contrast to many other respiratory gating algorithms, ORG permits the user to have control over image quality versus the amount of rejected motion in the reconstructed PET images. This is achieved by calculating an optimal amplitude range based on the acquired surrogate signal and a user-specified duty cycle (the percentage of PET data used for image reconstruction). The optimal amplitude range is defined as the smallest amplitude range still containing the amount of PET data required for image reconstruction. It was shown that ORG results in effective removal of respiration-induced image blurring in PET imaging of the thorax and upper abdomen, resulting in improved image quality and quantitative accuracy.

Management of Respiratory Motion Artefacts in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography using an Amplitude-Based Optimal Respiratory Gating Algorithm

Amplitude-based optimal respiratory gating (ORG) effectively removes respiratory-induced motion blurring from clinical 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) images. Correction of FDG-PET images for these respiratory motion artefacts improves image quality, diagnostic and quantitative accuracy. Removal of respiratory motion artefacts is important for adequate clinical management of patients using PET.

使用基于振幅的最佳呼吸门控算法对 18个F-氟二氧氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描中的呼吸运动人工制品进行管理

Positron emission tomography (PET) combined with X-ray computed tomography (CT) is an important molecular imaging platform that is required for accurate ...

Radiotracer Administration for High Temporal Resolution Positron Emission Tomography of the Human Brain: Application to FDG-fPET

Functional positron emission tomography (fPET) provides a method to track molecular targets in the human brain. With a radioactively-labelled glucose analogue, 18F-fluordeoxyglucose (FDG-fPET), it is now possible to measure the dynamics of glucose metabolism with temporal resolutions approaching those of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This direct measure of glucose uptake has enormous potential for understanding normal and abnormal brain function and probing the effects of metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Further, new advances in hybrid MR-PET hardware make it possible to capture fluctuations in glucose and blood oxygenation simultaneously using fMRI and FDG-fPET.
The temporal resolution and signal-to-noise of the FDG-fPET images is critically dependent upon the administration of the radiotracer. This work presents two alternative continuous infusion protocols and compares them to a traditional bolus approach. It presents a method for acquiring blood samples, time-locking PET, MRI, experimental stimulus, and administering the non-traditional tracer delivery. Using a visual stimulus, the protocol results show cortical maps of the glucose-response to external stimuli on an individual level with a temporal resolution of 16 s.

This manuscript describes two radiotracer administration protocols for FDG-PET (constant infusion and bolus plus infusion) and compares them to bolus administration. Temporal resolutions of 16 s are achievable using these protocols.

人脑高时态分辨率正态发射断层扫描的放射跟踪器管理:在FDG-fPET中的应用

Functional positron emission tomography (fPET) provides a method to track molecular targets in the human brain. With a radioactively-labelled glucose ...

行为学

A Dual Tracer PET-MRI Protocol for the Quantitative Measure of Regional Brain Energy Substrates Uptake in the Rat

We present a method for comparing the uptake of the brain&#39;s two key energy substrates: glucose and ketones (acetoacetate [AcAc] in this case) in the rat. The developed method is a small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) protocol, in which&#160;11C-AcAc and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) are injected sequentially in each animal. This dual tracer PET acquisition is possible because of the short half-life of 11C (20.4 min). The rats also undergo a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition seven days before the PET protocol. Prior to image analysis, PET and MRI images are coregistered to allow the measurement of regional cerebral uptake (cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebellum). A quantitative measure of 11C-AcAc and 18F-FDG brain uptake (cerebral metabolic rate; &#956;mol/100 g/min) is determined by kinetic modeling using the image-derived input function (IDIF) method. Our new dual tracer PET protocol is robust and flexible; the two tracers used can be replaced by different radiotracers to evaluate other processes in the brain. Moreover, our protocol is applicable to the study of brain fuel supply in multiple conditions such as normal aging and neurodegenerative pathologies such as Alzheimer&#39;s and Parkinson&#39;s diseases.

Small-animal positron emission tomography enables the assessment of the brain&#39;s two main energy substrates:&#160;glucose and ketones. In the present method, 11C-acetoacetate and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose are injected sequentially in each animal, and their uptake is measured quantitatively in specific brain regions determined from the magnetic resonance images.

We present a method for comparing the uptake of the brain&#39;s two key energy substrates: glucose and ketones (acetoacetate [AcAc] in this case) in the ...

神经科学

Functional Imaging of Brown Fat in Mice with 18F-FDG micro-PET/CT

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) differs from white adipose tissue (WAT) by its discrete location and a brown-red color due to rich vascularization and high density of mitochondria. BAT plays a major role in energy expenditure and non-shivering thermogenesis in newborn mammals as well as the adults 1. BAT-mediated thermogenesis is highly regulated by the sympathetic nervous system, predominantly via &beta; adrenergic receptor 2, 3. Recent studies have shown that BAT activities in human adults are negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) and other diabetic parameters 4-6. BAT has thus been proposed as a potential target for anti-obesity/anti-diabetes therapy focusing on modulation of energy balance 6-8. While several cold challenge-based positron emission tomography (PET) methods are established for detecting human BAT 9-13, there is essentially no standardized protocol for imaging and quantification of BAT in small animal models such as mice. Here we describe a robust PET/CT imaging method for functional assessment of BAT in mice. Briefly, adult C57BL/6J mice were cold treated under fasting conditions for a duration of 4 hours before they received one dose of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). The mice were remained in the cold for one additional hour post FDG injection, and then scanned with a small animal-dedicated micro-PET/CT system. The acquired PET images were co-registered with the CT images for anatomical references and analyzed for FDG uptake in the interscapular BAT area to present BAT activity. This standardized cold-treatment and imaging protocol has been validated through testing BAT activities during pharmacological interventions, for example, the suppressed BAT activation by the treatment of &beta;-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol 14, 15, or the enhanced BAT activation by &beta;3 agonist BRL37344 16. The method described here can be applied to screen for drugs/compounds that modulate BAT activity, or to identify genes/pathways that are involved in BAT development and regulation in various preclinical and basic studies.

Functional Imaging of Brown Fat in Mice with 18F-FDG micro-PET/CT

A method of functional imaging of mouse brown adipose tissue (BAT) is described in which cold-stimulated uptake of 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in BAT is non-invasively assessed with a standardized micro-PET/CT protocol. This method is robust and sensitive to detect differences in BAT activities in mouse models.

功能成像在小鼠体内的棕色脂肪与FDG micro-PET/CT

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) differs from white adipose  tissue (WAT) by its discrete location and a brown-red color due to rich  vascularization and high ...

生物学

Autofluorescence Imaging to Evaluate Cellular Metabolism

Cellular metabolism is the process by which cells generate energy, and many diseases, including cancer, are characterized by abnormal metabolism. Reduced nicotinamide adenine (phosphate) dinucleotide (NAD(P)H) and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) are coenzymes of metabolic reactions. NAD(P)H and FAD exhibit autofluorescence and can be spectrally isolated by excitation and emission wavelengths. Both coenzymes, NAD(P)H and FAD, can exist in either a free or protein-bound configuration, each of which has a distinct fluorescence lifetime-the time for which the fluorophore remains in the excited state. Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) allows quantification of the fluorescence intensity and lifetimes of NAD(P)H and FAD for label-free analysis of cellular metabolism. Fluorescence intensity and lifetime microscopes can be optimized for imaging NAD(P)H and FAD by selecting the appropriate excitation and emission wavelengths. Metabolic perturbations by cyanide verify autofluorescence imaging protocols to detect metabolic changes within cells. This article will demonstrate the technique of autofluorescence imaging of NAD(P)H and FAD for measuring cellular metabolism.

This protocol describes fluorescence imaging and analysis of the endogenous metabolic coenzymes, reduced nicotinamide adenine (phosphate) dinucleotide (NAD(P)H), and oxidized flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Autofluorescence imaging of NAD(P)H and FAD provides a label-free, nondestructive method to assess cellular metabolism.

自发荧光成像评估细胞代谢

Cellular metabolism is the process by which cells generate energy, and many diseases, including cancer, are characterized by abnormal metabolism. Reduced ...

生物工程

Semi-quantitative Assessment Using [18F]FDG Tracer in Patients with Severe Brain Injury

Patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) have difficulty knowing whether they are accurately expressing their thoughts and emotions because of disorders of consciousness, disrupted higher brain function, and verbal disturbances. As a consequence of an insufficient ability to communicate, objective evaluations are needed from family members, medical staff, and caregivers. One such evaluation is the assessment of functioning brain areas. Recently, multimodal brain imaging has been used to explore the function of damaged brain areas. [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([18F]FDG-PET/CT) is a successful tool for examining brain function. However, the assessment of brain glucose metabolism based on [18F]FDG-PET/CT is not standardized and depends on several varying parameters, as well as the patient&#39;s condition. Here, we describe a series of semiquantitative assessment protocols for a region-of-interest (ROI) image analysis using self-produced [18F]FDG tracers in patients with sTBI. The protocol focuses on screening the participants, preparing the [18F]FDG tracer in the hot lab, scheduling the acquisition of [18F]FDG-PET/CT brain images, and measuring glucose metabolism using the ROI analysis from a targeted brain area.

Semi-quantitative Assessment Using [18F]FDG Tracer in Patients with Severe Brain Injury

[18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography is useful for studying glucose metabolism related to brain function. Here, we present a protocol for an [18F]FDG tracer set-up and semiquantitative assessment of the region-of-interest analysis for targeted brain areas associated with clinical manifestations in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

[18f] fdg 示踪剂在重型颅脑损伤患者中的半定量评价

Patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) have difficulty knowing whether they are accurately expressing their thoughts and emotions because of ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>PET-CT 扫描用于脑氧和葡萄糖代谢的多示踪研究

Multi-Tracer Studies of Brain Oxygen and Glucose Metabolism Using a Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography Scanner

The authors have developed a paradigm using positron emission tomography (PET) with multiple radiopharmaceutical tracers that combines measurements of cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMRGlc), cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and cerebral blood volume (CBV), culminating in estimates of brain aerobic glycolysis (AG). These in vivo estimates of oxidative and non-oxidative glucose metabolism are pertinent to the study of the human brain in health and disease. The latest positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scanners provide time-of-flight (TOF) imaging and critical improvements in spatial resolution and reduction of artifacts. This has led to significantly improved imaging with lower radiotracer doses.
Optimized methods for the latest PET-CT scanners involve administering a sequence of inhaled 15O-labeled carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O2), intravenous 15O-labeled water (H2O), and 18F-deoxyglucose (FDG)-all within 2-h or 3-h scan sessions that yield high-resolution, quantitative measurements of CMRGlc, CMRO2, CBF, CBV, and AG. This methods paper describes practical aspects of scanning designed for quantifying brain metabolism with tracer kinetic models and arterial blood samples and provides examples of imaging measurements of human brain metabolism.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>使用飞行时间正电子发射断层扫描-计算机断层扫描扫描仪对脑氧和葡萄糖代谢进行多示踪研究

Quantitative measurements of oxygen and glucose metabolism by PET are established technologies, but details of practical protocols are sparsely described in the literature. This paper presents a practical protocol successfully implemented on a state-of-the-art positron emission tomography-computed tomography scanner.

使用飞行时间正电子发射断层扫描-计算机断层扫描扫描仪对脑氧和葡萄糖代谢进行多示踪研究

The authors have developed a paradigm using positron emission tomography (PET) with multiple radiopharmaceutical tracers that combines measurements of ...

确定葡萄糖代谢动力学研究

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此视频中的章节

利用¹⁸f-葡萄糖 PET/CT 成像和定量组织学测量肺癌小鼠模型葡萄糖代谢的动态变化

动脉粥样硬化斑块的活动和血管炎症的定量使用[18 F]，氟正电子发射断层扫描/电脑断层扫描（FDG-PET/CT）

使用基于振幅的最佳呼吸门控算法对 ¹⁸个F-氟二氧氧葡萄糖正电子发射断层扫描中的呼吸运动人工制品进行管理

人脑高时态分辨率正态发射断层扫描的放射跟踪器管理:在FDG-fPET中的应用

A Dual Tracer PET-MRI Protocol for the Quantitative Measure of Regional Brain Energy Substrates Uptake in the Rat

功能成像在小鼠体内的棕色脂肪与FDG micro-PET/CT

自发荧光成像评估细胞代谢

[¹⁸f] fdg 示踪剂在重型颅脑损伤患者中的半定量评价

使用飞行时间正电子发射断层扫描-计算机断层扫描扫描仪对脑氧和葡萄糖代谢进行多示踪研究

使用飞行时间正电子发射断层扫描-计算机断层扫描扫描仪对脑氧和葡萄糖代谢进行多示踪研究