我们感谢布列塔尼·希尔，瑞恩·贝利和迈克·宾他们的加速度计的方法和数据贡献。资金用于此项目来源于美国国立卫生研究院R01 HD068290。

该方案经华盛顿大学人类研究保护办公室。 注:说明写具体的市售加速度计和数据收集及其相关软件（见材料表 ）。 1.准备加速计来收集数据<ol><li>两个加速度计连接到计算机（ 通过对接站），以它们的电池充电;这将确保在整个穿着时间记录。 </li><li>与加速度计连接到电脑上，打开相应的软件进行初始化。 </li><li>在软件上，选择"初始化"同步加速计时钟，彼此到本地计算机，并设置数据采集参数如下。 <ol><li>输入（或从日历和时钟选择）开始和结束的日期和时间。选择数据采集的基础上，当ACC启动elerometers将被放置在所述参与者和至少24个小时后结束时间。 注:一天穿着期间提供了采用非成人日常活动的一个很好的代表。 12周较长时间穿着也更适合于成人或儿童有不同的每天的日程安排。 3，18，26 </li><li>选择"从下拉菜单中选择‘采样率’30赫兹。 </li><li>离开"LED选项"和"无线选项"选中。 </li><li>为了延长电池寿命，使"空闲睡眠模式"。 </li></ol></li><li> 要完成初始化过程中，选择"进入正题信息"。 <ol><li>输入加速度计（手腕）的位置主题的具体信息和机身侧（"右"或"左"）。 </li><li>选择填写其他学科的具体信息如德西红;进入将仅用于识别和数据分析此处描述不会影响。 </li><li>准备就绪后，选择"初始化设备"以完成此过程。一旦初始化确认，加速度计可以安全地与电脑相连。 </li></ol></li></ol> 2.放置和加速度计的佩戴，从参加者收集数据<ol><li>将一个加速度计的参与者的每手腕。 注:加速计应紧贴地配合，但不能太紧密贴合手腕，像一个大腕表。各种条带的可根据尺寸，优先级，并且参与者的舒适度被使用。 </li><li> 指导参与者如下，并回答与会者可能有关于在此期间，穿着周期和活动的任何问题。 <ol><li>请参与者全天做它们经常活动的;加速度计可以在第一次感到陌生，但一个即将被使用到它们。 </li><li>告知他们，加速度计是防水的，可以佩戴在淋浴或做的菜。指导他们在游泳时间过长不穿加速度计。 </li><li>问他们小睡期间和夜间保持加速度计上。 注:该加速度计被标记来识别左右传感器。如果加速度计需要在穿着期间被移除，标签帮助之后再穿上它们时识别正确的一面。指导用户写下对穿着日志的时候被取下并放回again.The加速度计戴在晚上，因为，当我们让人们把他们赶走，他们往往不能放回或放回到上相反四肢。 </li></ol></li><li>发送参与者回家鼓励从事正常的日常活动和什么时候采取两个加速度计关，以及如何指令，以带动或寄回加速度计和weariNG记录。 </li></ol> 3.下载数据的目视检查<ol><li>当加速计24个小时以上的穿着时间后已经返回，加速度计连接到电脑上下载所记录的数据。 </li><li> 选择"下载"适当的软件中，然后选择将数据存储使用"更改位置"按钮在计算机上的位置。 <ol><li>选择"创建AGD文件"的选项。 </li><li>对于那些容易查看文件，从‘时代’下拉框中选择&#39;10秒。在步骤3.3中使用这些文件。 </li><li>选择"下载所有设备"。 </li></ol></li><li> 目视检查数据来确认的加速度计穿着和/或数据穿着日志相匹配的计划时间段。 <ol><li>从顶部的菜单中，单击"文件|打开AGD文件"，然后选择要打开的文件。 </li><li>看着那（这 &#39;;每日图表来查看收集的数据。 </li><li>确认在典型清醒时发生的活动，有没有延长无活动期间，除了在夜间。这些图表可以缩放到聚焦于更小的时间增量，并且如果需要通过滚动。 </li></ol></li></ol> 4.下载的数据进行处理<ol><li>重复下载过程（步骤3.2），但这次从"大纪元"下拉框中选择"1秒"。这将仓中的数据转换成1秒时期，10，11，12，并生成将用于计算文件。 注:加速计和这里使用（见材料表 ）软件使用专有软件（从坐一辆车正在如加速度）滤除高频，非人类活动。过滤可能需要使用，如果要与定制编写的软件完成不同的设备和软件。定制编写的软件还可以用来识别和消除上肢震颤，如帕金森病的人。 </li><li>从保存在步骤4.1中的1秒的文件，计算向量幅度的时间序列的三维数据作为来自每个加速度计数据（x 2 + Y 2 + Z 2）的平方根。然后，这个时间序列可以用来计算一些变量日常生活中量化上肢活动。 注:处理指令采取了为期一天的穿着期。如果穿着期间较长，数据可以在分开的单日的块进行处理，或作为与计算出的变量的单一的时间序列由通过在适当的时候在穿着期间的长度进行调整。 </li></ol> 5.变量和图形表示从加速度计数据的创注:与行走有关的上肢动作都包含在分析的数据。以前的工作<html>建立了步行不影响加速比变量。 15虽然包含行走不改变非比例变量神经系统，完整的成年人，27是可能的行走列入可能导致非比例变量的参与者中风一个小高估。 <ol><li>通过在记录期间的所有秒求和当活动计数非零，然后转换成小时计算使用的每个肢体的小时。 12，17 注意:此计算产生对于每个肢体一个值。 </li><li>计算的使用比例由通过使用显性（或未受影响的）肢体的小时除以使用非优势臂（或受影响的肢体）的小时数（也称为活性比率）。 注意:使用比率量化一节肢的活动的总持续时间相对于另一个。EF"&gt; 12，15该计算产生一个单一的值，典型地在0和1之间的值1表示的两个肢臂被用于相等的持续时间在整个穿着期间。零值意味着非主导或患肢在所有未使用。 </li><li> 计算如下幅度比。 <ol><li>对于在时间序列数据的每个第二，计算由所述主导（或未受影响的）肢体的矢量幅度除以非主导肢（或受影响的肢体）的矢量大小的自然对数。 </li><li>替换值大于7且小于-7更大，7和-7，分别进行分类单肢体运动。 11 注:幅度比量化每个肢体的日常活动上的第二逐第二基础的贡献。 10,11这在概念上类似于使用比，但考虑到INTE每个第二期间每个肢体的运动（加速度幅度）的nsity。该计算产生一个时间序列值，其中的零值表示双肢在那个时间瞬间期间有等于运动强​​度。正值表示从非主导（或受影响）更大的移动强度和肢负值表示从所述主导（或未受影响的）肢更大的移动强度。 </li></ol></li><li>计算双边幅度从两节肢的矢量幅度的总和。 注:双边幅度量化运动的强度上的第二逐第二基础双上肢。 10,11该计算产生一个时间序列的值，其中所述值指示所述运动强度，有指示高强度更高的值。 </li><li> 构造密度图以图形方式从双肢11 FOL代表加速度测量数据低点。 <ol><li>绘制数据的每个第二与在颜色表示的频率的双变量直方图。设置色标，使得冷色调（蓝色），表示不太频繁活动和暖色（黄红通过）表示更频繁的活动。 </li><li>绘出 幅度比，表示贡献一个肢体相对于其他的，在x轴。 </li><li>绘制双边幅度，指示移动的强度，在y轴。 </li><li>绘制单肢值作为最左侧杆（-7）在单独的条，表示刚刚主导（或未受影响的）肢体的活性，并取决于的最右侧（7），表明活性只是非优势（或受影响的）肢体。 注:该地块提供了上下文科学家，临床医生，和与会者解释两个变量一起，幅度比和双边幅度。一个选项，以创建一个使用加速度计数据是在此密度图。 44 &lt;/ SUP&gt; </li></ol></li></ol>

作者宣称，他们有没有冲突的财务权益。

该报告详细介绍了测量戴在手腕上的日常使用的生活加速度上肢性能的方法。在康复研究和临床实践该方法的使用得到在现有的方法显著的进步， 即有机会学习如何进行实验或典型的治疗影响日常生活功能的性能，不仅在临床或实验室能力。加速度计可以结合使用，或代替33可以是认知缺陷或无意识的偏见更敏感的日常表现，自我报告的措施，31，32，。 34，35，36，37提前采用这种方法的已取得数据与预期相反，5这可能会迫使吨他场均重新考虑康复服务的内容和交付。 在协议中的关键步骤确保在穿着期间收集准确和实时数据（协议步骤2.2，2.3和3.3）。不遵循这些步骤可能会导致一些没有意义的计算值。这是比较容易确保加速度计是在分配手腕的人离开诊所或实验室。返回加速度计后的数据的目视检查是必要的，因为参与者往往具有不同的行为指导或预期。虽然比较少见，参与者已经知道离开调查队后不久，去除加速度计，把他们再次上的反面，或试图鼓励其他人在他们的家庭穿。这在很大程度上可避免如果加速度计都清楚地标明为每一侧上，该穿着日志完成，并且数据被不久AFTE检查[R返回， 即在情况下，需要后续电话澄清穿着侧和时间。 虽然加速度计的方法量化一般上肢的性能，它不提供有关运动质量或约在穿着期间所执行的具体活动，如明知参与者正在吃的信息;见参考文献3关于这个问题的讨论。作为一种工具，那么，加速度计将是当科学问题或康复干预的重点是在日常生活中不断变化的一般上肢表现，如活动量和双侧肢体的日常活动参与衡量的结果非常有用。当科学问题或康复干预的重点是改变运动的质量或改变日常生活中只有少数特定的运动加速度计将作为衡量的结果不太有用。我们预计，computat有理方法将改善随着时间的推移，该方法的后代也许能够克服这些限制。 总之，加速度计提出了在日常生活上肢性能定量评估的机会。这里描述的方法可以被认为是较常见的流动性的方法，其中每天的步骤或适度的体力活动的分钟数记录在可穿戴式设备的上肢版本。 38，39，40，41，42，43虽然与中风的人开发的，该方法的通用性将允许在各种其他人群的未来应用。另外的方法发展需要比其他中风成人和儿童neurorehabiliation人群，以帮助回答的临床和研究阙有关上肢的双边活动stions。

在过去的二十年里，出现了可穿戴的传感器来测量运动的兴趣爆炸。已生成的在神经康复领域的极大兴趣的可佩带式传感器是加速度计。 1，2，3加速度计，顾名思义，测量重力单位加速度（1克= 9.8Hz米/秒2），或在所谓的活动计数任意单位（1个活动计数=制造商指定的引力值）。加速度，像人类的运动，通常是测量和记录在三维中，对应于设备的不同轴。的装置是市售装置和像大手表;他们可以在最小干扰日常活动佩戴。因为合理的成本，它们容易得到的，使用加速度计（加速度计被称为）被集成到neurorehabilitation研究。 加速度计的对神经康复领域的价值在于，它提供了诊所或实验室外的非侵入性，无偏，定量上肢运动活性的量度。 3的康复服务的人中风和其他神经系统疾病的一个主要目标是提高一个人的日常生活中发挥作用的能力，而不是仅仅在临床或实验室。功能的世界卫生组织（WHO）的国际分类的能力的活动区分，在临床试验中，和活动的执行结构化环境中测量，在非结构化环境中测量。 4加速度计能够在非结构化环境上肢性能测量， 即什么样的人时，他们没有在临床或实验室，他们不只是什么实际执行。加速度计的纳入到行程REHA现在bilitation研究是具有挑战性的长期持有的假设，即在结构化临床环境功能改善转化为非结构化，日常生活中的性能改进。 5，6，7，8 我们组9，10，11，12，13，14和其他7，15，16，17，18，19，20，21，22，23，24具有B-EEN花费的时间和精力很大发展加速度测量方法在研究和临床实践中使用。加速度计已成为公认的衡量上肢表现中风后的有效和可靠的工具。 1，2，15，16，17，25中的最近的挑战已经转动原始加速度计数据转换成临床上有意义的信息（参见，这种发展过程的总结参考文献3）。这里描述的方法可用于在健康对照组参与者10，在参加12从谁已经中风6,9遭遇在日常生活中区分上肢表现，11 </s向上&gt;或具有其它病症。从这种方法得到的变量是适应变化，并随着时间的推移量化的改进。 14加速度计的方法是适当的研究调查调查上肢功能障碍和干预措施，旨在提高人们中风和其他神经人群在日常生活中上肢表现。由于其相对简单的，然后将其在临床实践中神经康复也并入它可能不长。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Accelerometers (2)</td><td>Actigraph LLC</td><td>wGT3X-BT</td><td>This is the most common device on the market.&amp;nbsp; Similar products are available from other vendors.&amp;nbsp; http://actigraphcorp.com/products-showcase/activity-monitors/actigraph-wgt3x-bt/</td></tr><tr><td>Hub</td><td>Actigraph LLC</td><td>7 Port USB Hub</td><td>This device connects the accelerometers to the computer allowing for charging and communication. Includes hub, usb cables, power connector. http://actigraphcorp.com/products/7-port-usb-hub-2016/</td></tr><tr><td>Straps&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Actigraph LLC</td><td>Woven Nylon Wrist Band&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Other straps that are velcro or disposable are also available.&amp;nbsp; http://actigraphcorp.com/product-category/accessories/</td></tr><tr><td>Actilife Software</td><td>Actigraph LLC</td><td></td><td>It is best to purchase the software from the same vendor as the accelerometers.&amp;nbsp; Similar products are available from other vendors. http://actigraphcorp.com/products-showcase/software/actilife/</td></tr><tr><td>Computational software</td><td></td><td></td><td>The most common software is MATLAB, but computation could also be done in Excel or other similar products.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td></tr></tbody></table>

a method for quantifying upper limb performance in daily life using accelerometers

中风和其他神经系统疾病后转诊至康复服务的一个关键原因是为了提高人的日常生活中发挥作用的能力。它在日常生活中衡量一个人的活动变得非常重要，而不仅仅是衡量一个诊所或实验室的结构化的环境对他们的活动能力。一种可佩戴传感器，其现在能够日常运动的测量值是加速度计。加速计类似，可以全天佩戴大型手表市售的设备。从加速计数据可以量化的肢体是如何参与执行在人民的家庭和社区活动。这份报告介绍了一种方法来收集数据加速度仪，并把它变成临床相关信息。首先，数据被具有参与者佩戴两个加速度计（每手腕）24小时或更长的时间收集。然后，将加速度计数据被下载和处理，以产生四个differen牛逼变量描述日常生活中的上肢活动的关键方面:使用时间，使用比，大小比，和双边幅度。密度图可以被构造在视觉上表示从24小时佩戴期间内的数据。该变量及其产生的密度图是在神经系统，完整的，社区居住的成年人高度一致。这个惊人的一致性使得它们可用于确定是否上肢每日性能与正常不同的有用工具。这种方法适用于调查研究调查上肢功能障碍和干预措施旨在改善人们与中风和其他患者人群在日常生活中上肢表现。由于其相对简单的，然后将其在临床实践中神经康复也并入它可能不长。

<html>从社区居住，神经系统，完整的成年人的指涉样本数据可以用来解释从参与者中风或影响上肢性能的其他条件的数据。 10，11，12 表1示出了用于使用和来自健康指涉样品的使用比例的小时汇总统计。总体而言，大多数人都用自己的优势和非优势手主动约全天同样多的时间。平均近9个小时，但有一个大范围，捕捉更积极和活动较少的人。平均使用比例不到1.0，并且具有一个小的标准偏差。因此，无论是怎样活性之一，显性和非显性四肢用于全天类似持续时间。此外，年龄不身体健康的影响存在上肢性能的措施。小姑娘="外部参照"&gt; 12个计算值基本上外面这些指涉值（±3-4 SDS）值应仔细检查，以确保它们是真实的，由Uswatte和他的同事的建议。 16 <table fo:keep-together.within-page="1"><tbody><tr><td></td><td> 平均 </td><td> 标准偏差 </td><td> 最低限度 </td><td> 最大值 </td></tr><tr><td> 占主导地位的肢体利用小时 </td><td> 9.1 </td><td> 1.9 </td><td> 4.4 </td><td> 14.2 </td></tr><tr><td> 非主导肢体利用小时 </td><td> 8.6 </td><td> 2 </td><td> 4.1 </td><td> 15.5 </td></tr><tr><td> 使用比例 </td><td> 0.95 </td><td> 0.06 </td><td> 0.79 </td><td> 1.1 </td></tr></tbody></table> 表:总结从Neur加速度计统计ologically-完好，社区住宅成年人。值来自所指样品的74名社区居住成年人（平均年龄54±11，53％为女性，84％右手显性），来自参考12。 密度曲线允许一个采取在数据细看。 图1是从一个健康的成年人的代表性密度图，以收集并如上所述处理的数据。像这样的地块提供关于在日常生活中上肢的重要信息。有迹象表明，在所有年龄的成年人高度一致的该地块的三个关键特性。 3，11首先，图像是对称的。这表明上肢同时被激活全天，与类似地使用显性和非显性四肢。运动可能不存在的相似性是在特定的时间实例，每个肢羚牛摹反过来领先或在各种活动滞后，但可以看出在一天的课程。即使是在-7和7任一侧上杆（仅指示显性和单独非主导活性）是相似的颜色。对称是违反有关惯用手共同的看法。第二，情节树形具有宽底部和圆形边缘。在"轮辋"或底部部分的圆形边缘代表其中一个肢体运动，而另一个是相对静止的活性。这方面的一个例子是将对象放置在容器中，用一只手同时保持与其他的容器中。 10中的圆形边缘的对称性表明，双手是活性进行，并在一天的过程中同样稳定。顶部峰代表较不频繁的，强度更高的活动，例如，将大的对象上的高架子用双手。 10第三，没有在中心的温暖的光芒。<html>这表明，最频繁的上肢运动是低强度与来自双肢近似相等的贡献。这方面的例子将被输入或用刀子和叉子切割。 10 <img alt="图1" src="/files/ftp_upload/55673/55673fig1.jpg" /> 图1:从神经学-完整成人代表性的例子。密度曲线图显示了在日常生活上肢使用的24个小时，绘制在第二逐第二基础。 x轴（幅度比）表示各肢体活动的贡献。 y轴（双边幅度）表示运动的强度。颜色表示频率，与该图中，其中较亮的颜色表示更大的频率的右侧的大彩条的规模。在-7和7中的小条分别代表单方面显性和非显性活性。"&gt;请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。 跨该样品的成年人中，密度图的形状和颜色非常相似。 11人谁是相对不活跃往往有短，更宽，与冷色调的图片。人们谁是非常活跃的往往有较温暖的色彩较高的照片。整个成人引人注目的一致性，可以很容易地识别参与者上肢的性能比从这些规范不同。 图2是在与中风的人的密度曲线图的一个例子。此人是右撇子的男性是谁在收集这些数据11之前几个月已经影响到他的右侧大脑缺血性中风。大脑的右侧控制身体的左侧，他的左上肢中度轻瘫和功能障碍，由Motric指示两者均指数28评分60/100和行动研究的ARM测试29分的57分之38。在24小时佩戴期间内，局部麻痹，左侧肢体是1.5小时和非麻痹活性，右肢是活性为5.8小时。他的使用比率为0.47，大约一半的正常值。相比于图1中的密度曲线图，该密度情节决然不对称的，这表明患侧上肢是日常生活中很少活性。相比在-7单条的暗红色的颜色图的中间部分的冷色调表示运动的只用非偏瘫肢体的高频。整体峰低，仅表示低强度活动。总体而言，密度图表明，偏瘫肢体参与只是最低限度的日常活动。 <img alt="图2" src="/files/ftp_upload/55673/55673fig2.jpg" /> 图2:从每代表性实施例儿子中风。密度曲线图显示了在日常生活上肢使用的24个小时，绘制在第二逐第二基础。 x轴（幅度比）表示各肢体活动的贡献。 y轴（双边幅度）表示运动的强度。颜色表示频率，与该图中，其中较亮的颜色表示更大的频率的右侧的大彩条的规模。在-7和7中的小条分别代表单方面显性和非显性活性。比较对称，峰高，和颜色图1. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55673/55673fig2large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a> 虽然加速度计方法已经用于与中风的人使用而开发的，这种方法的效用扩展到其他人群。它可以是在VARI评估结果有利患者人群的ETY。 图3是在一个人的密度曲线图用肘部下方的上肢截肢的一个例子。此人是一名75岁的男性，大约8年前在一次事故中受伤。他的右手，先前主导，手在事故发生的时间截肢。他拥有上肢假肢，但穿着它只有每月1-2次举起重物。大多数时候，在这个人物，他不穿它。在24小时佩戴期间内，完好，左侧肢体是为6.9ħ活性和残余，右肢是为4.7ħ活性（加速度计上残肢远侧磨损）。他的使用比率为0.68，表明用于在残肢接合完好肢体的偏好。该密度图是较少对称的，并且具有冷却器的颜色比对照受试者（ 图1）的，但更对称的，并显示比行程在图2中所示的人更活性。因此，这个人˚Favors完整的肢体，但仍从事日常生活中的活动残肢。 <img alt="图3" src="/files/ftp_upload/55673/55673fig3.jpg" /> 图3:从与上肢截肢一个Person代表性的例子。密度曲线图显示了在日常生活上肢活动的24个小时，绘制在第二逐第二基础。 x轴（幅度比）表示各肢的在时间中的时刻的贡献活性。 y轴（双边幅度）表示运动的强度。颜色表示频率，与该图中，其中较亮的颜色表示更大的频率的右侧的大彩条的规模。在-7和7中的小条分别代表单方面显性和非显性活性。比较对称，峰高，和颜色图1和图2。 <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55673/55673fig3large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看大图</a><html>版本这个数字。 这种方法是如何使用的另一个例子是行动不便谁需要增加活动的人。 图4是从一个老年人，右旋个体滞留在专业护理机构的密度曲线图的一个例子。此人的急性疾病衰弱，并接受护理和康复服务，以重新获得独立和回家。占主导地位的是肢活性为2.4小时，并在非优势臂是有活性2.0小时。的使用比率为0.84，这是在规范范围的低端（ 见表1）。这个密度图几乎是对称的，正如从一般医疗状况在意料之中，但峰值是很低的，而且颜色大多是冷静，在穿着期间表示小活动。 OAD / 55673 / 55673fig4.jpg" /&gt; 图4:从一个人在专业护理机构（SNF）从内科疾病中恢复代表性的例子。密度曲线图显示了在日常生活上肢活动的22个小时，绘制在第二逐第二基础。 x轴（幅度比）表示各肢的在时间中的时刻的贡献活性。 y轴（双边幅度）表示运动的强度。颜色表示频率，与该图中，其中较亮的颜色表示更大的频率的右侧的大彩条的规模。在-7和7中的小条分别代表单方面显性和非显性活性。比较对称，峰高，和颜色图1. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55673/55673fig4large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a> 最后，这种方法可能不是BË只为成年人。该协议适用于儿童，细微调整，以鼓励穿（ 如多彩肩带，建议该设备的让你看起来像一个超级英雄"）。从正常发育儿童密度曲线显示相同的一般形状，成年人，树形状是窄，峰高得多。孩子们的形状与他们更大的活动水平保持一致;从一个典型的显影儿童和与偏瘫脑瘫子密度图的一个例子可以看出在页码。 25， 图5B和参考文献3 5C。需要为应用程序儿科临床实践进一步的调查。值得注意的是，使用比必须与中风，1成人上肢活动的自我报告一致温和的关系，但是，在脑瘫患儿中，使用比例是不相关的，上LIM的父母报告B的活性。 30无论是传感器测量并报告值之间的关系改变在于记者的看法或在儿童如何运动是未知的一些定量或定性的区别。未来的研究是迫切需要的，以确定标准值正在发育的儿童和调查值的解释残疾儿童。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers at JoVE.com

A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers

这个协议描述了使用腕戴式加速度计来量化在日常生活上肢性能的方法。

一种使用加速度计量化上肢表现在日常生活的方法

A key reason for referral to rehabilitation services after stroke and other neurological conditions is to improve one's ability to function in daily life. ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

12.3K 次观看.  Washington University School of Medicine. 这个协议描述了使用腕戴式加速度计来量化在日常生活上肢性能的方法。 

视频: A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers

An Objective and Child-friendly Assessment of Arm Function by Using a 3-D Sensor

Progressive and irreversible muscle atrophy characterizes Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and other similar muscle disorder diseases. Objective assessment of muscle functions is an essential and important, although challenging, prerequisite for successful clinical trials. Current clinical rating scales restrain the movement abnormalities to certain predefined coarse-grained individual items. The Kinect 3-D sensor has emerged as a low-cost and portable motion sensing technology used to capture and track people&#39;s movement in many medical and research fields. A novel approach using this 3-D sensor was developed and a game-like test was designed to objectively measure the upper limb function of patients with SMA. The prototype test targeted joint movement capability. While sitting in a virtual scene, the patient was instructed to extend, flex, and lift the whole arm in order to reach and place some objects. Both kinematic and spatiotemporal characteristics of upper limb movement were extracted and analyzed, e.g., elbow extension and flexion angles, hand velocity, and acceleration. The first study included a small cohort of 18 ambulant SMA patients and 19 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. A comprehensive analysis of arm movement was achieved; however, no significant difference between the groups were found due to the mismatch of patient&#39;s capability and the test difficulty. Based on this experience, a second version of the test consisting of a modified version of the first game with increased difficulties and a second game targeting muscle endurance were designed and implemented. The new test has not been conducted in any patient groups yet. Our work has demonstrated the potential capability of the 3-D sensor in assessing such muscle function and suggested an objective approach to complement the clinical rating scales.

An objective measure of muscle functions is challenging especially in children. Based on a commercially available digital 3-D sensor, a child-friendly gaming test was developed to assess upper limb function for clinical trials.

基于3维传感器的 Arm 功能的客观和儿童友好评估

Progressive and irreversible muscle atrophy characterizes Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and other similar muscle disorder diseases. Objective assessment ...

科研

行为学

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Current athlete monitoring practice in team sports is mainly based on positional data measured by global positioning or local positioning systems. The disadvantage of these measurement systems is that they do not register lower extremity kinematics, which could be a useful measure for identifying injury-risk factors. Rapid development in sensor technology may overcome the limitations of the current measurement systems. With inertial measurement units (IMUs) securely fixed to body segments, sensor fusion algorithms and a biomechanical model, joint kinematics could be estimated. The main purpose of this article is to demonstrate a sensor setup for estimating hip and knee joint kinematics of team sport athletes in the field. Five male subjects (age 22.5 &#177; 2.1 years; body mass 77.0 &#177; 3.8 kg; height 184.3 &#177; 5.2 cm; training experience 15.3 &#177; 4.8 years) performed a maximal 30-meter linear sprint. Hip and knee joint angles and angular velocities were obtained by five IMUs placed on the pelvis, both thighs and both shanks. Hip angles ranged from 195&#176; (&#177; 8&#176;) extension to 100.5&#176; (&#177; 8&#176;) flexion and knee angles ranged from 168.6&#176; (&#177; 12&#176;) minimal flexion and 62.8&#176; (&#177; 12&#176;) maximal flexion. Furthermore, hip angular velocity ranged between 802.6 &#176;&#183;s-1 (&#177; 192 &#176;&#183;s-1) and -674.9 &#176;&#183;s-1 (&#177; 130 &#176;&#183;s-1). Knee angular velocity ranged between 1155.9 &#176;&#183;s-1 (&#177; 200 &#176;&#183;s-1) and -1208.2 &#176;&#183;s-1 (&#177; 264 &#176;&#183;s-1). The sensor setup has been validated and could provide additional information with regard to athlete monitoring in the field.&#160;This may help professionals in a daily sports setting to evaluate their training programs, aiming to reduce injury and optimize performance.

Monitoring athletes is essential for improving performance and reducing injury risk in team sports. Current methods to monitor athletes do not include the lower extremities. Attaching multiple inertial measurement units to the lower extremities could improve monitoring athletes in the field.

一种基于惯性测量单元的方法，以评估场上团队运动运动员的臀部和膝盖关节运动学

Current athlete monitoring practice in team sports is mainly based on positional data measured by global positioning or local positioning systems. The ...

A Standardized Method for Measurement of Elbow Kinesthesia

Proprioception is an important component of controlled movement. The threshold to detection of passive movement (TDPM) is a commonly used method for quantifying the proprioceptive submodality of kinesthesia in research settings. The TDPM paradigm has been found to be valid and reliable; however, the equipment and methods used for TDPM vary between studies. In particular, the research laboratory apparatuses for producing passive movement of an extremity are often custom designed by individual laboratories or inaccessible due to high cost. There is a need for a standardized, valid, and reliable method for measuring TDPM using readily available equipment. The purpose of this protocol is to provide a standardized method for measurement of TDPM at the elbow that is economical, easy to administer, and that produces quantitative results for measurement purposes in research-based settings. This method was tested on 20 healthy adults without neurological impairment, and eight adults with chronic stroke. The results obtained suggest this method is a reliable way to quantify elbow TDPM in healthy adults, and provides initial support for validity. Researchers seeking a balance between equipment affordability and measurement precision are most likely to find this protocol of benefit.

Here, we present a standardized method for measurement of elbow passive kinesthesia using the threshold to detection of passive movement (TDPM) that is appropriate for a research setting.

肘部运动麻醉的标准化测量方法

Proprioception is an important component of controlled movement. The threshold to detection of passive movement (TDPM) is a commonly used method for ...

Physical Activity Measurement in Children Accepting Table Tennis Training

An increasing body of evidence now shows that the majority of children in China experience lower levels of physical activity (PA) than the recommended guideline. Table tennis is a compound and technically difficult game that is popular in China; undertaking table tennis training in clubs can help children to elevate their levels of PA. Given that children cannot complete self-evaluated questionnaires themselves and caregiver-based observations are not suitable for children, we hypothesized that an actigraphy-based method can be an objective method to measure PA. In the present study, we describe a procedure that can be used to evaluate PA levels using an actigraphic device and software. Furthermore, since hip-worn devices are known to reduce compliance, we attempted to assess the agreement between hip-worn and wrist-worn device data. Collectively, our results indicate that these devices are suitable for measuring PA and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) levels. Together with subjective questionnaires, both hip-worn and wrist-worn devices are highly suitable for evaluating PA in Chinese children undergoing table tennis training in clubs.

This study proposes an accelerometer-based method to objectively measure physical activity (PA) and leisure time physical activity (LTPA) in Chinese children accepting table tennis training in clubs.

接受乒乓球训练的儿童的身体活动测量

An increasing body of evidence now shows that the majority of children in China experience lower levels of physical activity (PA) than the recommended ...

Measurement of the Hand Transmitted Vibration of the Human Hand Arm System During Operation of a Hand Tractor

Operators of hand tractors are exposed to high levels of hand transmitted vibration (HTV). This vibration, which can be both irksome and hazardous to human health, is imparted to the operator via his or her hands and arms. However, a standardized method for measuring HTV of hand tractors has yet to be defined. The aim of the study was to present an experimental method for the investigation of the biodynamic response and vibration transmissibility of the hand-arm system during the operation of a hand tractor in a stationary mode. Measurements were performed with ten subjects using three grip forces and three handle vibration levels to examine the influences of the hand pressure and frequency on hand transmitted vibration (HTV). The results indicate that the tightness of grip on the handle influences the vibration response of the hand-arm system, especially at frequencies between 20 and 100 Hz. The transmission of lower frequencies in the hand-arm system was relatively unattenuated. In comparison, attenuation was found to be quite marked for higher frequencies during the operation of the hand tractor. The vibration transmissibility to different parts of the hand-arm system decreased with the increase of the distance from the vibration source. The proposed methodology contributes to the collection of consistent data for the evaluation of operator vibration exposure and the ergonomics development of hand tractors.

Here, we present a standardized method for measurement of the hand transmitted vibration from handles of a single-axle tractor with special reference to changes in grip force and vibration frequency.

手牵引机运行过程中人手臂系统手传振动的测量

Operators of hand tractors are exposed to high levels of hand transmitted vibration (HTV). This vibration, which can be both irksome and hazardous to ...

工程学

Quantifying Arms and Legs Contributions during Repetitive Electrically-Assisted Sit-To-Stand Exercise in Paraplegics: A Pilot Study

Execution of Sit-to-Stand (SitTS) in incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) patients involves motor function in both upper and lower extremities. The use of arm support, in particular, is a significant assistive factor while executing SitTS movement in SCI population. In addition, the application of functional electrical stimulation (FES) onto quadriceps and gluteus maximus muscles is one of the prescribed management for incomplete SCI to improve muscle action for simple lower limb movements. However, the relative contribution of upper and lower extremities during SitTS has not been thoroughly investigated. Two motor incomplete SCI paraplegics performed repetitive SitTS to fatigue exercise challenge. Their performance was investigated as a mixed-method case-control study comparing SitTS with and without the assistance of FES. Three sets of SitTS tests were completed with 5-min resting period allocated in between sets, with mechanomyography (MMG) sensors attached over the rectus femoris muscles bilaterally. The exercise was separated into 2 sessions; Day 1 for voluntary SitTS and Day 2 for FES-assisted SitTS. Questionnaires were conducted after every session to gather the participants&#39; input about their repetitive SitTS experience. The analysis confirmed that a SitTS cycle could be divided into three phases; Phase 1 (Preparation to stand), Phase 2 (Seat-off), and Phase 3 (Initiation of hip extension), which contributed to 23% &#177; 7%, 16% &#177; 4% and 61% &#177; 6% of the SitTS cycle, respectively. The contribution of arms and legs during SitTS movement varied in different participants based on their legs&#39; Medical Research Council (MRC) muscle grade. In particular, the applied arm forces start to increase clearly when the leg forces start to decline during standing. This finding is supported by the significantly reduced MMG signal indicating leg muscle fatigue and their reported feeling of tiredness.

Arms contribution in Sit-To-Stand (SitTS) is determined by the legs' muscle condition. Several compensating strategies were discovered in efforts to achieve complete SitTS cycles. These findings triangulate the spinal cord injury (SCI) persons' biomechanical measures with their subjective feeling of load borne by both their limbs throughout the SitTS approaches.

量化截瘫患者重复性电动辅助坐立锻炼期间手臂和腿部的贡献:一项试点研究

Execution of Sit-to-Stand (SitTS) in incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) patients involves motor function in both upper and lower extremities. The use of ...

集成 VR 和生物传感器进行定量运动肌肉活动评估

Setup for the Quantitative Assessment of Motion and Muscle Activity During a Virtual Modified Box and Block Test

The ability to move allows us to interact with the world. When this ability is impaired, it can significantly reduce one's quality of life and independence and may lead to complications. The importance of remote patient evaluation and rehabilitation has recently grown due to limited access to in-person services. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic unexpectedly resulted in strict regulations, reducing access to non-emergent healthcare services. Additionally, remote care offers an opportunity to address healthcare disparities in rural, underserved, and low-income areas where access to services remains limited. 
Improving accessibility through remote care options would limit the number of hospital or specialist visits and render routine care more affordable. Finally, the use of readily available commercial consumer electronics for at-home care can enhance patient outcomes due to improved quantitative observation of symptoms, treatment efficacy, and therapy dosage. While remote care is a promising means to address these issues, there is a crucial need to quantitatively characterize motor impairment for such applications. The following protocol seeks to address this knowledge gap to enable clinicians and researchers to obtain high-resolution data on complex movement and underlying muscle activity. The ultimate goal is to develop a protocol for remote administration of functional clinical tests. 
Here, participants were instructed to perform a medically-inspired Box and Block task (BBT), which is frequently used to assess hand function. This task requires subjects to transport standardized cubes between two compartments separated by a barrier. We implemented a modified BBT in virtual reality to demonstrate the potential of developing remote assessment protocols. Muscle activation was captured for each subject using surface electromyography. This protocol allowed for the acquisition of high-quality data to better characterize movement impairment in a detailed and quantitative manner. Ultimately, these data have the potential to be used to develop protocols for virtual rehabilitation and remote patient monitoring.

作者聚焦:利用虚拟现实和肌电图增强远程康复

The protocol described here aims to enhance the quantitative evaluation of upper limb deficits, with the goal of developing additional technology for remote assessment both in the clinic and at home. Virtual reality and biosensor technologies are combined with standard clinical techniques to provide insights into the functioning of the neuromuscular system.

用于在虚拟改良的 Box and Block 测试期间定量评估运动和肌肉活动的设置

The ability to move allows us to interact with the world. When this ability is impaired, it can significantly reduce one's quality of life and ...

Home-Based Monitor for Gait and Activity Analysis

Current outcomes in neuromuscular disorder clinical trials include motor function scales, timed tests, and strength measures performed by trained clinical evaluators. These measures are slightly subjective and are performed during a visit to a clinic or hospital and constitute therefore a point assessment. Point assessments can be influenced by daily patient condition or factors such as fatigue, motivation, and intercurrent illness. To enable home-based monitoring of gait and activity, a wearable magneto-inertial sensor (WMIS) has been developed. This device is a movement monitor composed of two very light watch-like sensors and a docking station. Each sensor contains a tri-axial accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer, and a barometer that record linear acceleration, angular velocity, the magnetic field of the movement in all directions, and barometric altitude, respectively. The sensors can be worn on the wrist, ankle, or wheelchair to record the subject&#8217;s movements during the day. The docking station enables data uploading and recharging of sensor batteries during the night. Data are analyzed using proprietary algorithms to compute parameters representative of the type and intensity of the performed movement. This WMIS can record a set of digital biomarkers, including cumulative variables, such as total number of meters walked, and descriptive gait variables, such as the percentage of the most rapid or longest stride that represents the top performance of patient over a predefined period of time.

This innovative device uses magneto-inertial sensors to permit gait and activity analysis in uncontrolled environments. Currently in the qualification process as an outcome measure in the European Medical Agency, one of the applications will be to serve as a clinical endpoint in clinical trials in neuromuscular diseases.

基于家庭的盖特和活动分析监视器

Current outcomes in neuromuscular disorder clinical trials include motor function scales, timed tests, and strength measures performed by trained clinical ...

一种使用加速度计量化上肢表现在日常生活的方法

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基于家庭的盖特和活动分析监视器