Name: kinematic analysis using 3d motion capture of drinking task in people with and without upper-extremity impairments
Uploaded: 2018-03-28T13:30:00.000+00:00
Duration: 8 min 45 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments at JoVE.com

特别感谢博 Johnels, 纳赛尔 Hosseini, 罗伊 Tranberg 和帕特里克 Almström 帮助启动这个项目。本议定书所载的研究数据是在 Sahlgrenska 大学医院收集的。

这里描述的所有方法都是瑞典哥德堡区域伦理审查委员会批准的研究的一部分 (318-04、225-08)。
1. 建立运动捕捉系统
<ol><li>在墙上安装4台摄像机, 大约 1.5-3 米, 距离测量区域的高度为 1.5-2.5 米, 面对测量区域。在测量区域上方的天花板上安装一台照相机 (图 1)。启动摄像系统。</li>
	<li>将 L 形校准框放在表上, 并将短轴与表的边缘和长轴指向向前。 注意: 坐标系的定义是 X 轴定向 (前方在矢状平面), Y 轴向侧面 (在正面平面), Z 轴定向向上 (优越, 垂直于横向平面)。</li>
	<li>打开3D 跟踪和数据采集软件 (跟踪管理器), 通过选择捕获 | 来开始校准. 校准, 输入三十年代的校准时间, 然后单击确定。</li>
	<li>将魔杖在整个测量区域 (75 x 75 x 65 厘米) 的所有方向上移动到椅子和桌子上方, 以确保所有5摄像头在尽可能多的方向上捕获魔杖16,17。校准后, 结果显示在屏幕上。接受校准残差低于0.5 毫米。</li>
	<li>有主题, 穿着无袖上衣, 坐在一个高度可调节的椅子上, 他们的背部对 chair´s 背部, 上臂在中性的 adducted 位置, 手掌的手放在桌子上, 手腕对准桌子的边缘。检查膝盖, 臀部和肘角大约是90°。</li>
	<li>将反光无源标记与双粘胶带放在已测试手上的骨骼地标18上 (第三掌指关节关节)、腕关节 (尺骨茎过程)、肘关节 (侧向髁)、右、左肩 (中间部分肩), 胸部 (胸骨上部) 和前额 (在眉毛之间的凹槽)。</li>
	<li>将两个标记放在杯子上 (上下边缘)。</li>
</ol>2. 饮酒任务的行动捕获程序
<ol><li>将硬塑料杯 (直径7厘米, 高度9.5 厘米) 与100毫升水30厘米从表边缘, 在身体中线。将杯子放在桌上的位置被刻意选择, 以保持任务的性能自然, 贴近现实生活的情况。</li>
	<li>让这个主题以一个舒适的自我节奏的速度来完成饮酒任务) 到达并抓住杯子, 二) 把杯子从桌子上抬到嘴上, iii) 喝一杯 (一小口), iv) 把杯子放回一条标记的线后面的桌子上 (30 厘米从标签le 边缘), 和 v) 返回到初始位置, 手在桌子的边缘。</li>
	<li>确保主体了解说明书, 并能与不受影响的手臂舒适地到达杯子而不向前倾。</li>
	<li>在每次录制之前, 请确保起始位置 (初始位置) 正确, 要求主题准备就绪, 手动启动捕获并给出口头指示 "现在可以开始了"。</li>
	<li>当主题完成任务时, 请手动停止录制。</li>
	<li>在每次试验中记录五项试验 (大约三十年代), 从受影响较小的手臂开始。</li>
	<li>检查数据获取是否成功 (每个标识的标记的 95-100% 数据)。 注: 标记数据自动传送到数据采集软件 (跟踪管理器)。采用预定义的自动标记识别 (目标) 模型对标记进行自动识别。</li>
	<li>当检测到不完整的数据时, 在发现问题后进行额外的试验, 调整坐姿或标记位置, 以确保标记的充分可见性, 以获得至少3项成功的试验。 注意: 可能出现的问题是标记可能会脱落, 或者从摄像机的视角遮挡, 从而导致数据不完整。但是, 在本协议中使用的摄像机和标记设置, 仅在极少数情况下造成数据丢失。总体而言, 运动捕获会话需要大约 10-15 分钟才能完成。</li>
</ol>3. 数据分析
<ol><li>通过单击文件 |, 将记录的数据从跟踪管理器直接传输到 Matlab 中. 出口 |直接插入到 Matlab中。</li>
	<li>在命令提示符下使用 matlab 命令: (> > 工作区) 查看 matlab 变量集。 注意: 包含用于指令和创建分析的数据的关键 Matlab 变量有: QTMmeasurements 帧-捕获的帧数 QTMmeasurements. 帧率-每秒捕获的帧数 (240) QTMmeasurements.Trajectories.Labeled.Count-标签数量 (10) QTMmeasurements.Trajectories.Labeled.Labels-在跟踪管理器中定义的标签 QTMmeasurements.Trajectories.Labeled.Data 测量数据在3D 阵列的 10 x 3 x 的帧数, 其中每个帧和每个标签3坐标被记录</li>
	<li>在 Matlab 中, 使用 (黄油) 和 (filtfilt) 指令与一个6Hz 的二阶北海滤波器在正反方向上过滤 x、y、z 值, 给出零相位失真和来回序滤波。 注: 示例 [b, a] = 黄油 (2, 6/240/2);% 截止频率6Hz 和关于½采样频率 xfiltered = filtfilt (b, a, QTMmeasurements. 轨迹. 标记 (11,:));</li>
	<li>在 Matlab 中, 创建一个程序来使用每个帧样本的 x、y、z 值以及每个标签来计算运动变量, 如手的切向速度和关节角度。运动学变量显示在表 2中。</li>
	<li>在 Matlab 中, 创建一个程序, 将样本序列分解为5个逻辑阶段: 到达、转发传输、饮用、向后传输以及将手返回到初始位置 (图 2)。每个阶段的开始和结束的定义在表 1中详细显示。</li>
	<li>在 Matlab 中, 使用 (绘图) 指令创建位置、速度、连接角和角度图的地块。</li>
</ol>

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作者没有什么可透露的。

该协议可以成功地用于量化的运动性能和质量的个人在中等和轻度上肢感觉运动损伤的所有阶段后中风。本协议的可行性在中风后的3天内已在临床上得到证实, 并表明该系统可由训练有素的健康专业人士使用, 没有特定的技术资格。然而, 需要技术专长来创建和开发一个数据分析程序。从这个方面来说, 上肢运动捕捉不同于步态分析, 在这种情况下, 现成的分析程序通常由制造商直接提供。在日常生...

运动学分析描述身体通过空间和时间的运动, 包括线性和角位移, 速度和加速度。光电运动捕获系统使用多个高速摄像机, 它们要么发出红外线信号, 要么从放置在身体上的被动标记捕捉反射, 要么从含有红外线的活动标记中传输运动数据。发射二极管。这些系统被认为是获取运动学数据1的 "黄金标准"。这些系统的价值在于它们在测量不同任务时的高精度和灵活性。运动学措施已证明是有效的捕捉较小的运动性能和质量的变化, 可能会被发现与传统的临床规模2,3。有人建议, 运动学应用于区分真正的恢复 (恢复病前运动特性) 和使用补偿 (替代) 运动模式在完成任务 4, 5。
上肢运动可以用终点运动学来量化, 一般是从手标记中获得的, 以及关节和线段 (i. e) 的角运动学。终点运动学提供了有关轨迹、速度、时间运动策略、精度、直线度和平滑性的信息, 而角运动学则是从时间和空间关节和线段角度来描述运动模式的,角速度和 interjoint 协调。端点运动学 (如移动时间、速度和平滑度) 有效地捕获了中风后的缺陷和运动性能的提高6,7,8和角运动学显示是否关节和身体段的运动是最佳的特定任务。有损伤的人的运动学通常与没有损伤的个人的运动性能进行比较8,9。端点和角运动学是相关的方式, 运动进行有效的速度, 平滑度和精度将需要良好的运动控制, 协调, 并使用有效和最佳的运动模式。例如, 移动速度慢的患者通常也会显示平滑度下降 (移动单元数量增加), 最大速度降低, 躯干位移增加8。另一方面, 端点运动学的改进, 如运动速度和平滑度, 可能独立于躯干和臂的补偿运动策略的变化, 如10。研究表明, 运动学分析可以提供更多更准确的信息, 说明任务是如何在受伤或疾病后完成的, 这反过来也是个体化有效治疗达到最佳运动恢复的必要条件。11. 运动学分析越来越多地用于临床研究, 以描述中风后上肢损伤患者的运动8,9, 以评估电机恢复7, 12,13或确定治疗干预措施的有效性10,14。
在笔画中经常研究的运动任务是指向和达到的, 尽管使用包含实际日常对象的操作的功能任务正在增加1。由于达到的运动学取决于实验性的约束, 例如对象的选择和任务15的目标, 因此在有目的和功能的任务中评估运动是非常重要的, 在这个过程中, 个人的实际困难日常生活将更加紧密地反映出来。
因此, 本文的目的是提供一个简单的标准化协议, 用于运动分析一个有目的和功能任务, 饮酒任务, 适用于在急性和慢性阶段上肢损伤的个人中风后。本协议的结果, 为轻度和轻度中风损害的个人将总结。

<table><tbody><tr><td>5 camera optoelectronic ProReflex Motion capture system (MCU 240 Hz)</td><td>Qualisys AB, Gthenburg, Sweden</td><td>N/A</td><td>Movement analysis system with passive retroreflective markers</td></tr><tr><td>Markers</td><td>Qualisys AB, Gthenburg, Sweden</td><td>N/A</td><td>Retroleflective passive circular markers, diameter of 12 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Calibration frame and wand</td><td>Qualisys AB, Gthenburg, Sweden</td><td>N/A</td><td>L-shape calibration frame (defines the origin and orientation of the coordinate system); T-shape wand (300 mm)</td></tr><tr><td>Qualisys Track Manager</td><td>Qualisys AB, Gthenburg, Sweden</td><td>N/A</td><td>3D Tracking software</td></tr><tr><td>Matlab</td><td>Mathworks, Inc, Natick, Ca</td><td>N/A</td><td>Data analysis software</td></tr></tbody></table>

kinematic analysis using 3d motion capture of drinking task in people with and without upper-extremity impairments

运动学分析是客观评估三维 (3D) 空间上肢运动的有力方法。三维运动捕获与光电摄像系统被认为是运动运动分析的黄金标准, 并越来越多地被用作评价运动性能和损伤后的质量的结果措施。涉及上肢运动。本文介绍了在中风后上肢损伤的个体中应用饮酒任务的运动学分析的标准化协议。饮酒任务包括到达, 抓住和举起一杯从桌子上喝, 把杯子放回, 并把手放回桌子的边缘。坐姿被标准化为个人的身体大小, 任务是在一个舒适的自我节奏的速度和补偿运动不受限制。目的是保持任务的自然性和贴近现实生活的情况, 提高议定书的生态有效性。5相机运动捕捉系统是用来收集3D 坐标位置从9反光标记定位在解剖地标的手臂, 躯干和面部。一个简单的单一标记放置用于确保协议在临床设置的可行性。定制的 Matlab 软件提供了自动化和快速的运动数据分析。计算了运动时间、速度、峰值速度、峰值速度和平滑度 (运动单元数) 随肩肘关节空间角运动学以及躯干运动的时间运动学。饮酒任务是一种有效的评估, 对轻度和轻微上肢损伤的个人。建立了由饮水任务所获得的运动变量的构造、判别和并发有效性以及响应 (灵敏度变化)。

本文中描述的协议已应用于中风和健康控制的个人2,6,8,19,20,21。在不同的研究中, 对111例中风患者和55例健康对照组的运动学数据进行了分析。中风后上肢损伤定义为中等 (FMA 评分 32-57) 或轻度 (FMA 评分 58-66)8</sup...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments at JoVE.com

Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments

本协议描述了一种客观的方法来评估上肢运动性能和感觉运动功能, 用于中风和健康控制的个体。给出了三维运动捕获的标准测试程序、运动学分析和结果变量。

用3D 运动捕捉对无上肢损伤患者饮酒任务的运动学分析

Kinematic analysis is a powerful method for objective assessment of upper extremity movements in a three-dimensional (3D) space. Three-dimensional motion ...

kinematic-analysis-using-3d-motion-capture-drinking-task-people-with

Research

Education

JoVE Core

JoVE Journal

Mechanical Engineering

Neuroscience

Unit 1

3-Dimensional Kinetics of a Rigid Body

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

10.6K 次观看.  University of Gothenburg. 本协议描述了一种客观的方法来评估上肢运动性能和感觉运动功能, 用于中风和健康控制的个体。给出了三维运动捕获的标准测试程序、运动学分析和结果变量。

视频: Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

This study used the transcranial magnetic stimulation/motor evoked potential (TMS/MEP) technique to pinpoint when the automatic tendency to mirror someone else's action becomes anticipatory simulation of a complementary act. TMS was delivered to the left primary motor cortex corresponding to the hand to induce the highest level of MEP activity from the abductor digiti minimi (ADM; the muscle serving little finger abduction) as well as the first dorsal interosseus (FDI; the muscle serving index finger flexion/extension) muscles. A neuronavigation system was used to maintain the position of the TMS coil, and electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the right ADM and FDI muscles. Producing original data with regard to motor resonance, the combined TMS/MEP technique has taken research on the perception-action coupling mechanism a step further. Specifically, it has answered the questions of how and when observing another person's actions produces motor facilitation in an onlooker's corresponding muscles and in what way corticospinal excitability is modulated in social contexts.

Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex, neuronavigation, and registration of electromyographic activity of hand muscles were used in this study to explore corticospinal excitability while participants were observing action sequences.

行动观察期间皮质脊体兴奋调节

This study used the transcranial magnetic stimulation/motor evoked potential (TMS/MEP) technique to pinpoint when the automatic tendency to mirror someone ...

科研

行为学

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Prehension, the act of reaching to grasp an object, is central to the human experience. We use it to feed ourselves, groom ourselves, and manipulate objects and tools in our environment. Such behaviors are impaired by many sensorimotor disorders, yet our current understanding of their neural control is far from complete. Current technologies for investigating human reach-to-grasp movements often utilize motion tracking systems that can be expensive, require the attachment of markers or sensors to the hands, impede natural movement and sensory feedback, and provide kinematic output that can be difficult to interpret. While generally effective for studying the stereotypical reach-to-grasp movements of healthy sighted adults, many of these technologies face additional limitations when attempting to study the unpredictable and idiosyncratic reach-to-grasp movements of young infants, unsighted adults, and patients with neurological disorders. Thus, we present a novel, inexpensive, and highly reliable yet flexible protocol for quantifying the temporal and kinematic structure of idiosyncratic reach-to-grasp movements in humans. High speed video cameras capture multiple views of the reach-to-grasp movement. Frame-by-frame video analysis is then used to document the timing and magnitude of pre-defined behavioral events such as movement start, collection, maximum height, peak aperture, first contact, and final grasp. The temporal structure of the movement is reconstructed by documenting the relative frame number of each event while the kinematic structure of the hand is quantified using the ruler or measure function in photo editing software to calibrate 2 dimensional linear distances between two body parts or between a body part and the target. Frame-by-frame video analysis can provide a quantitative and comprehensive description of idiosyncratic reach-to-grasp movements and will enable researchers to expand their area of investigation to include a greater range of naturalistic prehensile behaviors, guided by a wider variety of sensory modalities, in both healthy and clinical populations.

This protocol describes how to use frame-by-frame video analysis to quantify idiosyncratic reach-to-grasp movements in humans. A comparative analysis of reaching in sighted versus unsighted healthy adults is used to demonstrate the technique, but the method can also be applied to the study of developmental and clinical populations.

人体特异 Reach-to-Grasp 运动的帧-帧视频分析

Prehension, the act of reaching to grasp an object, is central to the human experience. We use it to feed ourselves, groom ourselves, and manipulate ...

An Objective and Child-friendly Assessment of Arm Function by Using a 3-D Sensor

Progressive and irreversible muscle atrophy characterizes Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and other similar muscle disorder diseases. Objective assessment of muscle functions is an essential and important, although challenging, prerequisite for successful clinical trials. Current clinical rating scales restrain the movement abnormalities to certain predefined coarse-grained individual items. The Kinect 3-D sensor has emerged as a low-cost and portable motion sensing technology used to capture and track people&#39;s movement in many medical and research fields. A novel approach using this 3-D sensor was developed and a game-like test was designed to objectively measure the upper limb function of patients with SMA. The prototype test targeted joint movement capability. While sitting in a virtual scene, the patient was instructed to extend, flex, and lift the whole arm in order to reach and place some objects. Both kinematic and spatiotemporal characteristics of upper limb movement were extracted and analyzed, e.g., elbow extension and flexion angles, hand velocity, and acceleration. The first study included a small cohort of 18 ambulant SMA patients and 19 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. A comprehensive analysis of arm movement was achieved; however, no significant difference between the groups were found due to the mismatch of patient&#39;s capability and the test difficulty. Based on this experience, a second version of the test consisting of a modified version of the first game with increased difficulties and a second game targeting muscle endurance were designed and implemented. The new test has not been conducted in any patient groups yet. Our work has demonstrated the potential capability of the 3-D sensor in assessing such muscle function and suggested an objective approach to complement the clinical rating scales.

An objective measure of muscle functions is challenging especially in children. Based on a commercially available digital 3-D sensor, a child-friendly gaming test was developed to assess upper limb function for clinical trials.

基于3维传感器的 Arm 功能的客观和儿童友好评估

Progressive and irreversible muscle atrophy characterizes Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and other similar muscle disorder diseases. Objective assessment ...

Measuring the Kinematics of Daily Living Movements with Motion Capture Systems in Virtual Reality

The inability to complete instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is a precursor to various neuropsychological diseases. Questionnaire-based assessments of IADL are easy to use but prone to subjective bias. Here, we describe a novel virtual reality (VR) test to assess two complex IADL tasks: handling financial transactions and using public transportation. While a participant performs the tasks in a VR setting, a motion capture system traces the position and orientation of the dominant hand and head in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. Kinematic raw data are collected and converted into &#39;kinematic performance measures,&#39; i.e., motion trajectory, moving distance, and time to completion. Motion trajectory is the path of a particular body part (e.g., dominant hand or head) in space. Moving distance refers to the total distance of the trajectory, and time to completion is how long it took to complete an IADL task. These kinematic measures could discriminate patients with cognitive impairment from healthy controls. The development of this kinematic measuring protocol allows detection of early IADL-related cognitive impairments.

We designed a virtual reality test to assess instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) with a motion capture system. We propose a detailed kinematic analysis to interpret the participant&#39;s various movements, including trajectory, moving distance, and time to completion to evaluate IADL capabilities.

虚拟现实中运动捕捉系统的日常生活运动运动学测量

The inability to complete instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is a precursor to various neuropsychological diseases. Questionnaire-based ...

3D Kinematic Gait Analysis for Preclinical Studies in Rodents

The utility of three-dimensional (3D) kinematic motion analysis systems is limited in rodents. Part of the reason for this inadequacy is the use of complex algorithms and mathematical modeling that accompany 3D data collection and analysis procedures. This work provides a simple, user-friendly, step-by-step detailed methodology for 3D kinematic gait analysis during treadmill locomotion in healthy and neurotraumatic rats using a six-camera motion capture system. Also provided are details on 1) calibration of the system in an experimental set-up customized for quadrupedal locomotion, 2) data collection for treadmill locomotion in adult rats using markers positioned on all four limbs, 3) options available for video tracking and processing, and 4) basic 3D kinematic data generation and visualization and quantification of data using the built-in data collection software. Finally, it is suggested that the utility of this motion capture system be expanded to studying a variety of motor behaviors before and after neurotrauma.

Presented here is a protocol to collect and analyze three-dimensional kinematics of quadrupedal locomotion in rodents for preclinical studies.

3D运动性步态分析,用于啮齿动物的临床前研究

The utility of three-dimensional (3D) kinematic motion analysis systems is limited in rodents. Part of the reason for this inadequacy is the use of ...

Capturing Representative Hand Use at Home Using Egocentric Video in Individuals with Upper Limb Impairment

Impaired hand function after neurological injuries can have a major impact on independence and quality of life. Most existing upper limb assessments are carried out in person, which is not always indicative of hand use in the community. Novel approaches to capture hand function in daily life are required to measure the true impact of rehabilitation interventions. Egocentric video combined with computer vision for automated analysis has been proposed to evaluate hand use at home. However, there are limitations to the duration of continuous recordings. We present a protocol designed to ensure that the videos obtained are representative of daily routines while respecting participant privacy. 
A representative recording schedule is selected through a collaborative process between the researchers and participants, to ensure that the videos capture natural tasks and performance, while being useful for hand assessment. Use of the equipment and procedures is demonstrated to the participants. A total of 3 h of video recordings are scheduled over two weeks. To reduce privacy concerns, participants have full control to start and stop recordings, and the opportunity to edit the videos before returning them to the research team. Reminders are provided, as well as help calls and home visits if necessary. 
The protocol was tested with 9 stroke survivors and 14 individuals with cervical spinal cord injury. The videos obtained contained a variety of activities, such as meal preparation, dishwashing, and knitting. An average of 3.11 &plusmn; 0.98 h of video were obtained. The recording periods varied from 12-69 d, due to illness or unexpected events in some cases. Data was successfully obtained from twenty-two out of 23 participants, with 6 participants requiring assistance from the investigators during the home recording period. The protocol was effective for collecting videos that contained valuable information about hand function at home after neurological injuries.

A protocol is proposed to capture natural hand function of individuals with hand impairments during their daily routines using an egocentric camera. The goal of the protocol is to ensure that the recordings are representative of an individual&#39;s typical hand use during activities of daily living at home.

捕捉代表手在家里使用以自我为中心的视频在个人与上肢损伤

Impaired hand function after neurological injuries can have a major impact on independence and quality of life. Most existing upper limb assessments are ...

生物工程

3D Kinematic Analysis for the Functional Evaluation in the Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury

Compared to the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), kinematic analysis is a more reliable and sensitive method for performing functional evaluations of sciatic nerve injury rodent models. In this protocol, we describe a novel kinematic analysis method that uses a three-dimensional (3D) motion capture apparatus for functional evaluations using a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model. First, the rat is familiarized with treadmill walking. Markers are then attached to the designated bone landmarks and the rat is made to walk on the treadmill at the desired speed. Meanwhile, the posterior limb movements of the rat are recorded using four cameras. Depending on the software used, marker tracings are created using both automatic and manual modes and the desired data are produced after subtle adjustments. This method of kinematic analysis, which uses a 3D motion capture apparatus, offers numerous advantages, including superior precision and accuracy. Many more parameters can be investigated during the comprehensive functional evaluations. This method has several shortcomings that require consideration: The system is expensive, can be complicated to operate, and may produce data deviations due to skin shifting. Nevertheless, kinematic analysis using a 3D motion capture apparatus is useful for performing functional anterior and posterior limb evaluations. In the future, this method may become increasingly useful for generating accurate assessments of various traumas and diseases.

We introduce a kinematic analysis method that uses a three-dimensional motion capture apparatus containing four cameras and data processing software for performing functional evaluations during fundamental research involving rodent models.

坐骨神经粉碎损伤大鼠模型中功能评估的3D运动学分析

Compared to the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), kinematic analysis is a more reliable and sensitive method for performing functional evaluations of ...

神经科学

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors

Trunk compensation is the most common movement strategy to substitute for upper extremity (UE) motor deficits in chronic stroke survivors. There is a lack of evidence examining how task conditions impact trunk compensation and goal-directed arm reaching kinematics. This protocol aims to investigate the impact of task conditions, including task difficulty and complexity, on goal-directed arm reaching kinematics. Two non-disabled young adults and two chronic stroke survivors with mild UE motor impairment were recruited for testing the protocol. Each participant performed goal-directed arm reaches with four different task conditions (2 task difficulties [large vs. small targets] X 2 task complexities [pointing vs. picking up]). The task goal was to reach and point at a target or pick up an object located 20 cm in front of the home position as quickly as possible with a stylus or a pair of chopsticks, respectively, in response to an auditory cue. Participants performed ten reaches per task condition. A 3-dimensional motion capture camera system was used to record trunk and arm kinematics. Representative results showed that there was a significant increase in movement duration, movement jerkiness, and trunk compensation as a function of task complexity, but not task difficulty in all participants. Chronic stroke survivors showed significantly slower, jerkier, and more feedback-dependent arm reaches and significantly more compensatory trunk movements than non-disabled adults. Our representative results support that this protocol can be used to investigate the impact of task conditions on motor control strategies in chronic stroke survivors with mild UE motor impairment.

This protocol is intended to investigate the impact of task conditions on movement strategies in chronic stroke survivors. Further, this protocol can be used to examine if a restriction in elbow extension induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation causes trunk compensation during goal-directed arm reaches in non-disabled adults.

运动任务条件对长期中风幸存者目标定向手臂达到运动学和树干补偿的影响

Trunk compensation is the most common movement strategy to substitute for upper extremity (UE) motor deficits in chronic stroke survivors. There is a lack ...

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients

Eighteen stroke patients were recruited for this study involving the evaluation of cognition and walking ability and multitask gait analysis. Multitask gait analysis consisted of a single walking task (Task 0), a simple motor dual-task (water-holding, Task 1), and a complex motor dual-task (crossing obstacles, Task 2). The task of crossing obstacles was considered to be equivalent to the combination of a simple walking task and a complex motor task as it involved more nervous system, skeletal movement, and cognitive resources. To eliminate heterogeneity in the results of the gait analysis of the stroke patients, the dual-task gait cost values were calculated for various kinematic parameters. The major differences were observed in the proximal joint angles, especially in the angles of the trunk, pelvis, and hip joints, which were significantly larger in the dual motor tasks than in the single walking task. This research protocol aims to provide a basis for the clinical diagnosis of gait function and an in-depth study of motor control in stroke patients with motor control deficits through the analyses of dual-motor walking tasks.

This paper presents a protocol specifically for dual motor task gait analysis in stroke patients with motor control deficits.

用于中风后患者步态分析和评估的运动双任务

Eighteen stroke patients were recruited for this study involving the evaluation of cognition and walking ability and multitask gait analysis. Multitask ...

Comprehensive Understanding of Inactivity-Induced Gait Alteration in Rodents

It is well known that disuse affects neural systems and that joint motions become altered; however, which outcomes properly exhibit these characteristics is still unclear. The present study describes a motion analysis approach that utilizes three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from video captures. Using this technology, disuse-evoked alterations of walking performances were observed in rodents exposed to a simulated microgravity environment by unloading their hindlimb by their tail. After 2 weeks of unloading, the rats walked on a treadmill, and their gait motions were captured with four charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras. 3D motion profiles were reconstructed and compared to those of control subjects using the image processing software. The reconstructed outcome measures successfully portrayed distinct aspects of distorted gait motion: hyperextension of the knee and ankle joints and higher position of the hip joints during the stance phase. Motion analysis is useful for several reasons. First, it enables quantitative behavioral evaluations instead of subjective observations (e.g., pass/fail in certain tasks). Second, multiple parameters can be extracted to fit specific needs once the fundamental datasets are obtained. Despite hurdles for broader application, the disadvantages of this method, including labor intensity and cost, may be alleviated by determining comprehensive measurements and experimental procedures.

The present protocol describes three-dimensional motion tracking/evaluation to depict gait motion alteration of rats after exposure to a simulated disuse environment.

全面了解啮齿动物不活动引起的步态改变

It is well known that disuse affects neural systems and that joint motions become altered; however, which outcomes properly exhibit these characteristics ...