Name: analysis of raw and processed cyperi rhizoma samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in rats with primary dysmenorrhea
Uploaded: 2022-12-23T14:40:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Chongqing Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project (Project Number: ZY201802297), General project of Chongqing Natural Science Foundation (Project Number: cstc2019jcyj-msxmX065), Chongqing Modern Mountain Area Characteristic High-efficiency Agricultural Technology System Innovation Team Building Plan 2022 [10], and Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Discipline Construction Project of Chinese Materia Medica Processing.

All animal-related experiments were conducted with approval from the Experiment Ethics Committee of Chongqing Institute of TCM. Twenty-four female Sprague Dawley rats (SD) that were 8-10 weeks old and weighed 200 g &#177; 20 g were used in this experiment.
1. Preparation of the extraction
<ol>
	<li>Calculation
	<ol>
		<li>Plan to administer the CR or CRV extract to a treatment group of six Sprague-Dawley rats (10 g/[kg&#8729;day]) for 3 days. Use a CR or CRV extract concentr...

Due to the wide variety and different nature of TCMs, these herbs sometimes do not work in clinical practice, and this may be due to the inappropriate processing and decocting of TCMs. The mechanisms of TCM are becoming more apparent with the use of contemporary science and technology29,30. This study shows that both CR and CRV have therapeutic effects in PD model rats and that the therapeutic effect of CRV is more substantial. The mechanism of action of CRV coul...

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is the most prevalent condition in clinical gynecology. It is characterized by backache, swelling, abdominal pain, or discomfort before or during menstruation without pelvic pathology in the reproductive system1. A report on its prevalence showed that 85.7% of students suffer from PD2. Low-dose oral contraceptives are the standard therapy, but their adverse side effects, such as deep vein thrombosis, have drawn increasing attention3. The prevalence of deep vein thrombosis among oral contraceptive users is &#62;1 per 1,000 women, and the risk is highest during the first 6-12 months and in users older than 40 years4.
Long used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Cyperi rhizoma (CR) is derived from the dried rhizome of the Cyperus rotundus L. of the Cyperaceae family. CR regulates menstrual disorders and relieves depression and pain5. CR is widely used in gynecology and is considered a general medicine to treat women&#39;s diseases6. CR processed with vinegar (CRV) is typically used clinically. Compared with CR, CRV shows enhanced regulation of menstruation and pain relief. Modern studies have shown that CR inhibits cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and the subsequent synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs), thus achieving an anti-inflammatory effect. Meanwhile, CR exhibits an analgesic effect without side effects7, making CR a good choice for dysmenorrhea patients. However, the mechanism underlying the regulation of menstruation and provision of pain relief by CRV is unclear. CR research has mainly focused on changes in its active chemical components and pharmacologic activities, such as its anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, and analgesic effects8,9,10,11,12.
Although the ingredients of TCM are complex, they are absorbed into the blood and must reach a specific blood concentration to be effective13. The scope of screening the active ingredients of TCM can be narrowed by utilizing the strategy of constituent determination in the blood. Blindness can be avoided in studying the chemical components in vitro, and one-sidedness can be avoided in studying the individual constituents14. By comparing the compositions of CR and CRV in the blood, changes in the active ingredients of the processed CR can be detected effectively and quickly. Drug efficacy is the process by which a drug influences the body. Changes in the drug components due to the body&#39;s metabolic response, which may be related to the action mechanism of the drug, can be determined with metabonomics. Metabonomics aims to measure the overall and dynamic metabolic responses, which is consistent with determining the overall efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine15. Furthermore, metabolites are the final product of gene expression, which is most closely related to phenotypes16. Thus, metabonomics may be suitable for exploring the differences in the metabolic pathways between CR and CRV in the treatment of PD. Liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based untargeted metabolomics is characterized by high throughput, high sensitivity, and high resolution and can be used to measure many different small molecular components17,18. This method can simultaneously determine the endogenous metabolites and exogenous constituents absorbed into the blood. Metabonomics has been widely used in studies on TCM19, drug toxicology20, health management21, sports22, food23, and other fields.
In this study, the differences in the exogenous constituents absorbed into the blood and the endogenous metabolites were measured between CR-treated and CRV-treated dysmenorrhea model rats using LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics to reveal the mechanisms of the analgesic effects of CRV.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetonitrile&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Pittsburg, PA, USA</td>
			<td>197164</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BECKMAN COULTER Microfuge 20</td>
			<td>Beckman&#160;Coulter, Inc.</td>
			<td>MRZ15K047</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Estradiol benzoate</td>
			<td>Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>C10042616</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>formic acid</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Pittsburg, PA, USA</td>
			<td>177799</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LC 30A system</td>
			<td>Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan</td>
			<td>228-45162-46</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Olive oil</td>
			<td>Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>H25A11P111909</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oxytocin synthetic</td>
			<td>Zhejiang peptide biology Co., Ltd&#160;</td>
			<td>2019092001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat PGF2&#945; ELISA kit</td>
			<td>Shanghai lmai Bioengineering Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>202101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rat PGFE2 ELISA kit</td>
			<td>Shanghai lmai Bioengineering Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>EDL202006217</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPF Sprague-Dawley rats</td>
			<td>Hunan SJA Laboratory Animal Co., Ltd</td>
			<td>Certificate number SCXK (Hunan) 2019-0004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tecan Infinite 200 PRO&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Tecan Austria GmbH, Austria</td>
			<td>1510002987</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triple TOF 4600 system</td>
			<td>SCIEX, Framingham, MA, USA</td>
			<td>BK20641402</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>water</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific, Pittsburg, PA, USA</td>
			<td>152720</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

analysis of raw and processed cyperi rhizoma samples using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in rats with primary dysmenorrhea

Cyperi rhizoma (CR) is widely used in gynecology and is a general medicine for treating women's diseases in China. Since the analgesic effect of CR is enhanced after processing with vinegar, CR processed with vinegar (CRV) is generally used clinically. However, the mechanism by which the analgesic effect is enhanced by vinegar processing is unclear. In this study, the ultra-high pressure liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) technique was used to examine changes in the blood levels of the exogenous constituents and metabolites between CR-treated and CRV-treated rats with dysmenorrhea. The results revealed differing levels of 15 constituents and two metabolites in the blood of these rats. Among them, the levels of (-)-myrtenol and [(1R,2S,3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-1,4,7,7-tetramethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-yl]acetic acid in the CRV group were considerably higher than in the CR group. CRV reduced the level of 2-series prostanoids and 4-series leukotrienes with proinflammatory, platelet aggregation, and vasoconstriction activities and provided analgesic effects by modulating arachidonic acid and linoleic acid metabolism and the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. This study revealed that vinegar processing enhances the analgesic effect of CR and contributes to our understanding of the mechanism of action of CRV.

Analysis of the dysmenorrhea model experiment 
There was no writhing response within 30 min in the control group because these rats were not intraperitoneally injected with oxytocin and estradiol benzoate to cause pain. The rats in the model, CR, and CRV groups displayed substantial writhing reactions following the oxytocin injection. These outcomes demonstrate the efficacy of the estradiol benzoate and oxytocin combination for inducing dysmenorrhea. The differences in the PGF2&#945;, PGE...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea at JoVE.com

Analysis of Raw and Processed Cyperi Rhizoma Samples Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry in Rats with Primary Dysmenorrhea

Here, a comparative analysis of raw and processed Cyperi rhizoma (CR) samples is presented using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) in rats with primary dysmenorrhea. The changes in blood levels of the metabolites and the sample constituents were examined between rats treated with CR and CR processed with vinegar (CRV).

Cyperi rhizoma (CR) is widely used in gynecology and is a general medicine for treating women's diseases in China. Since the analgesic effect of CR is ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Neuropeptides in Parkinson's Disease

MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) is a powerful approach that facilitates the spatial analysis of molecular species in biological tissue samples2 ...

Sampling Human Indigenous Saliva Peptidome Using a Lollipop-Like Ultrafiltration Probe: Simplify and Enhance Peptide Detection for Clinical Mass Spectrometry

Although human saliva proteome and peptidome have been revealed 1-2 they were majorly identified from tryptic digests of saliva proteins. Identification ...

Non-invasive Imaging and Analysis of Cerebral Ischemia in Living Rats Using Positron Emission Tomography with 18F-FDG

Non-invasive Imaging and Analysis of Cerebral Ischemia in Living Rats Using Positron Emission Tomography with 18F-FDG

Stroke is the third leading cause of death among Americans 65 years of age or older1. The quality of life for patients who suffer from a stroke fails to ...

Collection, Isolation, and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Samples

Despite the public health importance of mucosal pathogens (including HIV), relatively little is known about mucosal immunity, particularly at the female ...

Quantitative Mass Spectrometric Profiling of Cancer-cell Proteomes Derived From Liquid and Solid Tumors

In-depth analyses of cancer cell proteomes are needed to elucidate oncogenic pathomechanisms, as well as to identify potential drug targets and diagnostic ...

Modeling Encephalopathy of Prematurity Using Prenatal Hypoxia-ischemia with Intra-amniotic Lipopolysaccharide in Rats

Encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) is a term that encompasses the central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities associated with preterm birth. To best ...

Spatial Quantification of Drugs in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Lesions by Laser Capture Microdissection Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCM-LC/MS)

Spatial Quantification of Drugs in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Lesions by Laser Capture Microdissection Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry LCM-LC/MS

Tuberculosis is still a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Improvements to existing drug regimens and the development of novel ...

An In Vivo Method for Evaluating the Gut-Blood Barrier and Liver Metabolism of Microbiota Products

An In Vivo Method for Evaluating the Gut-Blood Barrier and Liver Metabolism of Microbiota Products

The gut-blood barrier (GBB) controls the passage of nutrients, bacterial metabolites and drugs from intestinal lumen to the bloodstream. The GBB integrity ...

Validated LC-MS/MS Panel for Quantifying 11 Drug-Resistant TB Medications in Small Hair Samples

Drug resistant-tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a growing public health threat, and assessment of therapeutic drug levels may have important clinical benefits. ...

Predicting Prognosis in Acute Heart Failure Using Phase Angle & BIVA Z-Scores

Clinical Application of Phase Angle and BIVA Z-Score Analyses in Patients Admitted to an Emergency Department with Acute Heart Failure

Unveiling Prognostic Indicators in Heart Failure - The Role of Phase Angle and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (Video) | JoVE

Acute heart failure is characterized by neurohormonal activation, which leads to sodium and water retention and causes alterations in body composition, ...