<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>小鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的闭胸技术

<ol>
	<li>Bryda, E. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+mighty+mouse:+The+impact+of+rodents+on+advances+in+biomedical+research.">The mighty mouse: The impact of rodents on advances in biomedical research.</a> Mo Med. 110 (3), 207-211 (2013).</li><li>Fishbein, M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+phase+acute+myocardial+infarct+size+quantification:+Validation+of+the+triphenyl+tetrazolium+chloride+tissue+enzyme+staining+technique.">Early phase acute myocardial infarct size quantification: Validation of the triphenyl tetrazolium chloride tissue enzyme staining technique.</a> Am Heart J. 101 (5), 593-600 (1981).</li><li>Ib&#225;&#241;ez, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolving+therapies+for+myocardial+ischemia/reperfusion+injury.">Evolving therapies for myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.</a> J Am Coll Cardiol. 65 (14), 1454-1471 (2015).</li><li>D&#261;browska, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+immune+response+to+surgery+and+infection.">The immune response to surgery and infection.</a> Cent Eur J Immunol. 39 (4), 532-537 (2014).</li><li>Muthuramu, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Permanent+ligation+of+the+left+anterior+descending+coronary+artery+in+mice:+a+model+of+post-myocardial+infarction+remodelling+and+heart+failure.">Permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in mice: a model of post-myocardial infarction remodelling and heart failure.</a> J Vis Exp. (94), e52206 (2014).</li><li>Nickles, H. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+ventilation+causes+airway+distension+with+proinflammatory+sequelae+in+mice.">Mechanical ventilation causes airway distension with proinflammatory sequelae in mice.</a> Am J Physiol-Lung C. 307 (1), L27-L37 (2014).</li><li>Reed, G. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+myocardial+infarction.">Acute myocardial infarction.</a> Lancet. 389 (10065), 197-210 (2017).</li><li>Ritti&#233;, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Method+for+picrosirius+red-polarization+detection+of+collagen+fibers+in+tissue+sections.">Method for picrosirius red-polarization detection of collagen fibers in tissue sections.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1627, 395-407 (2017).</li><li>Schwarte, L. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+ventilation+of+mice.">Mechanical ventilation of mice.</a> Basic Res Cardiol. 95 (6), 510-520 (2000).</li><li>Vaneker, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+ventilation+induces+a+Toll/Interleukin-1+receptor+domain-containing+adapter-inducing+interferon+&#946;-dependent+inflammatory+response+in+healthy+mice.">Mechanical ventilation induces a Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon &#946;-dependent inflammatory response in healthy mice.</a> Anesthesiology. 111, 836-843 (2009).</li><li>Van Allen, N. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+volatile+anesthetics+in+cardioprotection:+A+systematic+review.">The role of volatile anesthetics in cardioprotection: A systematic review.</a> Med Gas Res. 2, 22 (2012).</li><li>Kumar, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+mouse+coronary+anatomy+and+myocardial+infarction+consequent+to+ligation.">Distinct mouse coronary anatomy and myocardial infarction consequent to ligation.</a> Coron Artery Dis. 16 (1), 41-44 (2005).</li><li>Bayat, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progressive+heart+failure+after+myocardial+infarction+in+mice.">Progressive heart failure after myocardial infarction in mice.</a> Basic Res Cardiol. 97 (3), 206-213 (2002).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>2-0 silk suture</td>
			<td>Sharpoint Products</td>
			<td>DC-2515N</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5-0 polypropylene suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>8710H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7-0 polypropylene suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>8206H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ACCLARENT Balloon Inflation Device</td>
			<td>Johnson&#38;Johnson MedTech</td>
			<td>BID30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acepromazine</td>
			<td>Kela</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Vialon 18 G</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>381347</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD Vialon 20 G</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>381334</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr>
			<td>Betadine Solution</td>
			<td>Purdue Pharma</td>
			<td>25655-41-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Buprenorphine (Buprenex Injectable)</td>
			<td>Reckitt Benkiser Healthcare</td>
			<td>NDC 12496-0757-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carp Zoom Styl Knijplood 2.1 g (lead fishing weights)</td>
			<td>Visdeal.nl</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #3 Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11231-30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #5 Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11251-30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine Scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14040-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fucidine gel</td>
			<td>Leo Pharma</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Abbott</td>
			<td>NDC 5260-04-05</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KD Mouse/Rat Eye Speculum</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>501897</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KD mouse/rat eye speculum</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>501897</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ketamine</td>
			<td>Dechra</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Light source</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>KL 1500 LCD</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MRI system&#160;</td>
			<td>Bruker BioSpin, Ettlingen, Germany</td>
			<td>BioSpec 70/30</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NatriumChloride 0.9%</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nocturnal Infrared Heat Lamp</td>
			<td>Zoo Med Laboratories, Inc.</td>
			<td>RS-75</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ParaVision software&#160;</td>
			<td>Bruker BioSpin</td>
			<td>version 6.0.1&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>polyethylene tubing PE-10</td>
			<td>SAI Infusion technologies</td>
			<td>PE-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>polyethylene tubing PE-50</td>
			<td>SAI Infusion technologies</td>
			<td>PE-50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>remote IRI tool (PMMA)</td>
			<td>homemade</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rodent Surgical Monitor</td>
			<td>Indus instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Segment v4.0</td>
			<td>Medviso, segment.heiberg.se</td>
			<td>R12067</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Self-gated gradient echo sequence&#160;</td>
			<td>Bruker BioSpin, Ettlingen, Germany</td>
			<td>IntraGate, ParaVision 6.0.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Slim Elongated Needle Holder</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>12005-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sure-Seal Mouse/Rat Induction Chamber</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>EZ-178</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tubing Connectors, Poly, Y Shape</td>
			<td>Westlab</td>
			<td>072025-0001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultraverse 035 PTA Dilatation Catheter: 5mm x 40mm, 17 ATM RBP balloon on 130 cm long catheter</td>
			<td>Bard Peripheral Vascular, Inc.</td>
			<td>00801741092671</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Veet (depilatory creme)</td>
			<td>Reckitt Benkiser Healthcare</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ventilator, MiniVent Model 845</td>
			<td>Hugo Sachs</td>
			<td>73-0043</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vidisic</td>
			<td>BAUSCH &#38; LOMB PHARMA</td>
			<td>685313</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
			<td>Bayer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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remotely triggered lad occlusion using a balloon catheter in spontaneously breathing mice

Read this Scientific Article Protocol about Author Spotlight: A Novel Standardized Technique for Real-Time Biomedical Imaging of Acute Myocardial Injury at JoVE.com

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦：一种用于急性心肌损伤实时生物医学成像的新型标准化技术

在自主呼吸小鼠中使用球囊导管远程触发 LAD 闭塞

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a prevalent and high-mortality cardiovascular condition. Despite advancements in revascularization strategies for ...

remotely-triggered-lad-occlusion-using-balloon-catheter-spontaneously

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Remotely Triggered LAD Occlusion Using a Balloon Catheter in Spontaneously Breathing Mice

790 次观看.  KU Leuven. 我们的研究范围是开发一种新的标准化技术来治疗海洋缺血再灌注损伤。这使我们能够获得实时生物医学成像，从而对急性心肌损伤的机制影响产生新的见解。该模型开发中最具挑战性的部分是创建一条控制良好的冠状动脉直接通道。这需要发生在一米远的活的、自发繁殖的动物身上。它减少手术创伤、增强对缺血时间的控制和提高实验一致性...

视频: 作者聚焦：一种用于急性心肌损伤实时生物医学成像的新型标准化技术

Modeling Stroke in Mice - Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion with the Filament Model

Stroke is among the most frequent causes of death and adult disability, especially in highly developed countries. However, treatment options to date are very limited. To meet the need for novel therapeutic approaches, experimental stroke research frequently employs rodent models of focal cerebral ischaemia. Most researchers use permanent or transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in mice or rats.
Proximal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) via the intraluminal suture technique (so called filament or suture model) is probably the most frequently used model in experimental stroke research. The intraluminal MCAO model offers the advantage of inducing reproducible transient or permanent ischaemia of the MCA territory in a relatively non-invasive manner. Intraluminal approaches interrupt the blood flow of the entire territory of this artery. Filament occlusion thus arrests flow proximal to the lenticulo-striate arteries, which supply the basal ganglia. Filament occlusion of the MCA results in reproducible lesions in the cortex and striatum and can be either permanent or transient. In contrast, models inducing distal (to the branching of the lenticulo-striate arteries) MCA occlusion typically spare the striatum and primarily involve the neocortex. In addition these models do require craniectomy. In the model demonstrated in this article, a silicon coated filament is introduced into the common carotid artery and advanced along the internal carotid artery into the Circle of Willis, where it blocks the origin of the middle cerebral artery. In patients, occlusions of the middle cerebral artery are among the most common causes of ischaemic stroke. Since varying ischemic intervals can be chosen freely in this model depending on the time point of reperfusion, ischaemic lesions with varying degrees of severity can be produced. Reperfusion by removal of the occluding filament at least partially models the restoration of blood flow after spontaneous or therapeutic (tPA) lysis of a thromboembolic clot in humans.
In this video we will present the basic technique as well as the major pitfalls and confounders which may limit the predictive value of this model.

Filamentous occlusion of the Middle cerebral artery is a common model for studying ischemic stroke in mice.

建模在小鼠体内的行程 - 中东与灯丝模型大脑中动脉闭塞

Stroke is among the most frequent causes of death and adult disability, especially in highly developed countries. However, treatment options to date are ...

科研

医学

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

Carbon dioxide (CO2) along with oxygen (O2) share the role of being the most important gases in the human body. The measuring of expired CO2 at the mouth has solicited growing clinical interest among physicians in the emergency department for various indications: (1) surveillance et monitoring of the intubated patient; (2) verification of the correct positioning of an endotracheal tube; (3) monitoring of a patient in cardiac arrest; (4) achieving normocapnia in intubated head trauma patients; (5) monitoring ventilation during procedural sedation. The video allows physicians to familiarize themselves with the use of capnography and the text offers a review of the theory and principals involved. In particular, the importance of CO2 for the organism, the relevance of measuring expired CO2, the differences between arterial and expired CO2, the material used in capnography with their artifacts and traps, will be reviewed. Since the main reluctance in the use of expired CO2 measurement is due to lack of correct knowledge concerning the physiopathology of CO2 by the physician, we hope that this explanation and the video sequences accompanying will help resolve this limitation.

Expired CO2 Measurement in Intubated or Spontaneously Breathing Patients from the Emergency Department

This video describes how to perform CO2 measurement in intubated as well as spontaneously breathing patients. The main clinical indications refer to emergency situations: (1) verifying adequate positioning of an endotracheal tube; (2) achieving normocapnia in trauma patients; (3) monitoring ventilation in the case of procedural sedation.

过期的CO 2测量气管插管或自主呼吸的病人从急诊科

Carbon dioxide (CO2) along with oxygen (O2) share the role of being the most important gases in the human body. The measuring of expired CO2 at the mouth ...

Use of a Hanging Weight System for Coronary Artery Occlusion in Mice

Murine studies of acute injury are an area of intense investigation, as knockout mice for different genes are becoming increasingly available 1-38. Cardioprotection by ischemic preconditioning (IP) remains an area of intense investigation. To further elucidate its molecular basis, the use of knockout mouse studies is particularly important 7, 14, 30, 39. Despite the fact that previous studies have already successfully performed cardiac ischemia and reperfusion in mice, this model is technically very challenging. Particularly, visual identification of the coronary artery, placement of the suture around the vessel and coronary occlusion by tying off the vessel with a supported knot is technically difficult. In addition, re-opening the knot for intermittent reperfusion of the coronary artery during IP without causing surgical trauma adds additional challenge. Moreover, if the knot is not tied down strong enough, inadvertent reperfusion due to imperfect occlusion of the coronary may affect the results. In fact, this can easily occur due to the movement of the beating heart.
Based on potential problems associated with using a knotted coronary occlusion system, we adopted a previously published model of chronic cardiomyopathy based on a hanging weight system for intermittent coronary artery occlusion during IP 39. In fact, coronary artery occlusion can thus be achieved without having to occlude the coronary by a knot. Moreover, reperfusion of the vessel can be easily achieved by supporting the hanging weights which are in a remote localization from cardiac tissues.
We tested this system systematically, including variation of ischemia and reperfusion times, preconditioning regiments, body temperature and genetic backgrounds39. In addition to infarct staining, we tested cardiac troponin I (cTnI)
as a marker of myocardial infarction in this model. In fact, plasma levels of cTnI correlated with infarct sizes (R2=0.8). Finally, we could show in several studies that this technique yields highly reproducible infarct sizes during murine IP and myocardial infarction6, 8, 30, 40, 41. Therefore, this technique may be helpful for researchers who pursue molecular mechanisms involved in cardioprotection by IP using a genetic approach in mice with targeted gene deletion. Further studies on cardiac IP using transgenic mice may consider this technique.

A murine model for myocardial ischemia and ischemic preconditioning is an important tool study cardioprotective mechanisms in vivo. Here, we report an easy applicable in situ model for cardiac IP using a hanging-weight system for coronary artery occlusion.

悬重系统的使用在小鼠冠状动脉闭塞

Murine studies of acute injury are an area of intense investigation, as knockout mice for different genes are becoming increasingly available 1-38. ...

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study model. As the use of mouse models are often a vital step in preclinical drug discovery and drug development1-8, it is necessary to design a system to introduce drugs into mice in a uniform, reproducible manner. Ideally, the system should permit the collection of blood samples at regular intervals over a set time course. The ability to measure drug concentrations by mass-spectrometry, has allowed investigators to follow the changes in plasma drug levels over time in individual mice1, 9, 10. In this study, paclitaxel was introduced into transgenic mice as a continuous arterial infusion over three hours, while blood samples were simultaneously taken by retro-orbital bleeds at set time points. Carotid artery infusions are a potential alternative to jugular vein infusions, when factors such as mammary tumors or other obstructions make jugular infusions impractical. Using this technique, paclitaxel concentrations in plasma and tissue achieved similar levels as compared to jugular infusion. In this tutorial, we will demonstrate how to successfully catheterize the carotid artery by preparing an optimized catheter for the individual mouse model, then show how to insert and secure the catheter into the mouse carotid artery, thread the end of the catheter out through the back of the mouse&#8217;s neck, and hook the mouse to a pump to deliver a controlled rate of drug influx. Multiple low volume retro-orbital bleeds allow for analysis of plasma drug concentrations over time.

This method was developed with the goal of delivering a steady drug solution via the carotid artery, to assess the pharmacokinetics of novel drugs in mouse models.

颈动脉输液的紫杉烷类化合物在小鼠体内的药代动力学和药效学分析

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study ...

Subcutaneous Angiotensin II Infusion using Osmotic Pumps Induces Aortic Aneurysms in Mice

Osmotic pumps continuously deliver compounds at a constant rate into small animals. This article introduces a standard protocol used to induce aortic aneurysms via subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) from implanted osmotic pumps. This protocol includes calculation of AngII amount and dissolution, osmotic pump filling, implantation of osmotic pumps subcutaneously, observation after pump implantation, and harvest of aortas to visualize aortic aneurysms in mice. Subcutaneous infusion of AngII through osmotic pumps following this protocol is a reliable and reproducible technique to induce both abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms in mice. Infusion durations range from a few days to several months based on the purpose of the study. AngII 1,000 ng/kg/min is sufficient to provide maximal effects on abdominal aortic aneurysmal formation in male hypercholesterolemic mouse models such as apolipoprotein E deficient or low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient mice. Incidence of abdominal aortic aneurysms induced by AngII infusion via osmotic pumps is 5 - 10 times lower in female hypercholesterolemic mice and also lower in both genders of normocholesterolemic mice. In contrast, AngII-induced thoracic aortic aneurysms in mice are not hypercholesterolemia or gender-dependent. Importantly, multiple features of this mouse model recapitulate those of human aortic aneurysms.

Subcutaneous implantation of osmotic pumps provides a convenient approach for prolonged and consistent delivery of compounds. This approach has been used extensively to study both abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms in mice.

使用渗透皮下血管紧张素Ⅱ输液泵诱导主动脉瘤小鼠

Osmotic pumps continuously deliver compounds at a constant rate into small animals.  This article introduces a standard protocol used to induce aortic ...

A Magnetic Microbead Occlusion Model to Induce Ocular Hypertension-Dependent Glaucoma in Mice

The use of rodent models of glaucoma has been essential to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of this multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. With the advent of numerous transgenic mouse lines, there is increasing interest in inducible murine models of ocular hypertension. Here, we present an occlusion model of glaucoma based on the injection of magnetic microbeads into the anterior chamber of the eye using a modified microneedle with a facetted bevel. The magnetic microbeads are attracted to the iridocorneal angle using a handheld magnet to block the drainage of aqueous humour from the anterior chamber. This disruption in aqueous dynamics results in a steady elevation of intraocular pressure, which subsequently leads to the loss of retinal ganglion cells, as observed in human glaucoma patients. The microbead occlusion model presented in this manuscript is simple compared to other inducible models of glaucoma and also highly effective and reproducible. Importantly, the modifications presented here minimize common issues that often arise in occlusion models. First, the use of a bevelled glass microneedle prevents backflow of microbeads and ensures that minimal damage occurs to the cornea during the injection, thus reducing injury-related effects. Second, the use of magnetic microbeads ensures the ability to attract most beads to the iridocorneal angle, effectively reducing the number of beads floating in the anterior chamber avoiding contact with other structures (e.g., iris, lens). Lastly, the use of a handheld magnet allows flexibility when handling the small mouse eye to efficiently direct the magnetic microbeads and ensure that there is little reflux of the microbeads from the eye when the microneedle is withdrawn. In summary, the microbead occlusion mouse model presented here is a powerful investigative tool to study neurodegenerative changes that occur during the onset and progression of glaucoma.

Here, we present a protocol to induce ocular hypertension in the murine eye that results in the loss of retinal ganglion cells as observed in glaucoma. Magnetic microbeads are injected into the anterior chamber and attracted to the iridocorneal angle using a magnet to block the outflow of aqueous humour.

A磁条微珠缺血模型，以诱导小鼠高眼压，青光眼相关

The use of rodent models of glaucoma has been essential to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of this multifactorial ...

Surgical Approach for Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Reperfusion Induced Stroke in Mice

Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide and continues to be one of the major causes of long-term adult disabilities. About 87% of strokes are ischemic in origin and occur in the territory of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Currently the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for the treatment of this devastating disease is tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). However, tPA has a small therapeutic window for administration (3 - 6 hr), and is only effective in 4% of the patients who actually receive it. Current research focuses on understanding the pathophysiology of stroke in order to find potential therapeutic targets. Thus, reliable models are crucial, and the MCA occlusion (MCAo) model (also termed the intraluminal filament or suture model) is deemed to be the most clinically relevant surgical model of ischemic stroke, and is fairly non-invasive and easily reproducible. Typically the MCAo model is used with rodents, especially with mice due to all the genetic variations available for this species. Here we describe (and present in the video) how to successfully perform the MCAo model (with reperfusion) in mice to generate reliable and reproducible data.

In order to understand the pathophysiology of stroke, it is important to use reliable models. This paper will describe one of the most frequently used stroke models in mice, termed the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model (also termed the intraluminal filament or suture model) with reperfusion.

对大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注损伤诱发中风小鼠的手术方法

Stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide and continues to be one of the major causes of long-term adult disabilities. About 87% of strokes are ...

Induction of Ischemic Stroke and Ischemia-reperfusion in Mice Using the Middle Artery Occlusion Technique and Visualization of Infarct Area

Cerebrovascular disease is highly prevalent in the global population and encompasses several types of conditions, including stroke. To study the impact of stroke on tissue injury and to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions, several experimental models in a variety of species were developed. They include complete global cerebral ischemia, incomplete global ischemia, focal cerebral ischemia, and multifocal cerebral ischemia. The model described in this protocol is based on the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and is related to the focal ischemia category. This technique produces consistent focal ischemia in a strictly defined region of the hemisphere and is less invasive than other methods. The procedure described is performed on mice, given the availability of several genetic variants and the high number of tests standardized for mice to aid in the behavioral and neurodeficit evaluation.

We describe a mouse model of stroke induced by the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery using a silicone coated suture. The protocol can be applied to induce permanent occlusion or a temporary ischemia, followed by reperfusion.

缺血性中风和缺血再灌注小鼠的诱导使用梗塞区的中心动脉闭塞技术和可视化

Cerebrovascular disease is highly prevalent in the global population and encompasses several types of conditions, including stroke. To study the impact of ...

Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Allowing Reperfusion via Common Carotid Artery Repair in Mice

The ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult long-term disability and death worldwide. The current treatments available are limited, with only tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) as an approved drug treatment to target ischemic strokes. Current research in the field of ischemic stroke focuses on better understanding the pathophysiology of stroke, to develop and investigate novel pharmaceutical targets. Reliable experimental stroke models are crucial for the progression of potential treatments. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model is clinically relevant and the most frequently used surgical model of ischemic stroke in rodents. However, the outcomes of this model, such as lesion volume, are associated with high levels of variability, particularly in mice. The alternative MCAO model described here allows the reperfusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) and the increased perfusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory, using a tissue pad with fibrinogen-based sealant to repair the vessel, and the improved welfare of the mice by avoiding external carotid artery (ECA) ligation. This reduces the reliance on the Circle of Willis, which is known to be highly anatomically variable in mice. Representative data show that using this alternative surgical approach decreases the variability in lesion volumes between the traditional MCAO approach and the alternative approach described here.

Intraluminal filament occlusion of the middle cerebral artery is the most frequently used in vivo model of experimental stroke in rodents. An alternative surgical approach to allow common carotid artery repair is performed here, which allows the reperfusion of the common carotid artery and a full reperfusion to the middle cerebral artery territory.

颅内动脉闭塞允许经普通颈动脉修复再灌注的研究

The ischemic stroke is a major cause of adult long-term disability and death worldwide. The current treatments available are limited, with only tissue ...

A Rat Carotid Artery Pressure-Controlled Segmental Balloon Injury with Periadventitial Therapeutic Application

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, in part due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic plaque narrows the luminal surface area in arteries thereby reducing adequate blood flow to organs and distal tissues. Clinically, revascularization procedures such as balloon angioplasty with or without stent placement aim to restore blood flow. Although these procedures reestablish blood flow by reducing plaque burden, they damage the vessel wall, which initiates the arterial healing response. The prolonged healing response causes arterial restenosis, or re-narrowing, ultimately limiting the long-term success of these revascularization procedures. Therefore, preclinical animal models are integral for analyzing the pathophysiological mechanisms driving restenosis, and provide the opportunity to test novel therapeutic strategies. Murine models are cheaper and easier to operate on than large animal models. Balloon or wire injury are the two commonly accepted injury modalities used in murine models. Balloon injury models in particular mimic the clinical angioplasty procedure and cause adequate damage to the artery for the development of restenosis. Herein we describe the surgical details for performing and histologically analyzing the modified, pressure-controlled rat carotid artery balloon injury model. Additionally, this protocol highlights how local periadventitial application of therapeutics can be used to inhibit neointimal hyperplasia. Lastly, we present light sheet fluorescence microscopy as a novel approach for imaging and visualizing the arterial injury in three-dimensions.

The rat carotid artery balloon injury mimics the clinical angioplasty procedure performed to restore blood flow in atherosclerotic vessels. This model induces the arterial injury response by distending the arterial wall, and denuding the intimal layer of endothelial cells, ultimately causing remodeling and an intimal hyperplastic response.

大鼠胡萝卜动脉压力控制段气球损伤与腹腔ventit 治疗应用

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, in part due to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic plaque narrows the ...