<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>用于再生研究的标准化大鼠颅骨缝合骨缺损模型

<ol>
	<li>Li, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cranial+suture+mesenchymal+stem+cells:+insights+and+advances.">Cranial suture mesenchymal stem cells: insights and advances.</a> Biomolecules. 11 (8), 1129 (2021).</li><li>Opperman, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cranial+sutures+as+intramembranous+bone+growth+sites.">Cranial sutures as intramembranous bone growth sites.</a> Dev Dyn. 219 (4), 472-485 (2000).</li><li>Lenton, K. A., Nacamuli, R. P., Wan, D. C., Helms, J. A., Longaker, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cranial+suture+biology.">Cranial suture biology.</a> Curr Top Dev Biol. 66 (4), 287-328 (2005).</li><li>Slater, B. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cranial+sutures:+A+brief+review.">Cranial sutures: A brief review.</a> Plast Reconstr Surg. 121 (4), 170-178 (2008).</li><li>Zhao, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+suture+provides+a+niche+for+mesenchymal+stem+cells+of+craniofacial+bones.">The suture provides a niche for mesenchymal stem cells of craniofacial bones.</a> Nat Cell Biol. 17 (4), 386-396 (2015).</li><li>Maruyama, T., Jeong, J., Sheu, T. -. J., Hsu, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cells+of+the+suture+mesenchyme+in+craniofacial+bone+development,+repair+and+regeneration.">Stem cells of the suture mesenchyme in craniofacial bone development, repair and regeneration.</a> Nat Commun. 7 (1), 10526 (2016).</li><li>Wilk, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postnatal+calvarial+skeletal+stem+cells+expressing+PRX1+reside+exclusively+in+the+calvarial+sutures+and+are+required+for+bone+regeneration.">Postnatal calvarial skeletal stem cells expressing PRX1 reside exclusively in the calvarial sutures and are required for bone regeneration.</a> Stem Cell Reports. 8 (4), 933-946 (2017).</li><li>Doro, D. H., Grigoriadis, A. E., Liu, K. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Calvarial+suture-derived+stem+cells+and+their+contribution+to+cranial+bone+repair.">Calvarial suture-derived stem cells and their contribution to cranial bone repair.</a> Front Physiol. 8, 956 (2017).</li><li>Kajdic, N., Spazzapan, P., Velnar, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Craniosynostosis-recognition,+clinical+characteristics,+and+treatment.">Craniosynostosis-recognition, clinical characteristics, and treatment.</a> Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 18 (2), 110-116 (2018).</li><li>Park, S., Zhao, H., Urata, M., Chai, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sutures+possess+strong+regenerative+capacity+for+calvarial+bone+injury.">Sutures possess strong regenerative capacity for calvarial bone injury.</a> Stem Cells Dev. 25 (23), 1801-1807 (2016).</li><li>Quarto, N., Behr, B., Longaker, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Opposite+spectrum+of+activity+of+canonical+Wnt+signaling+in+the+osteogenic+context+of+undifferentiated+and+differentiated+mesenchymal+cells:+Implications+for+tissue+engineering.">Opposite spectrum of activity of canonical Wnt signaling in the osteogenic context of undifferentiated and differentiated mesenchymal cells: Implications for tissue engineering.</a> Tissue Eng Part A. 16 (10), 3185-3197 (2010).</li><li>Kaku, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+Stem+Cell-Induced+Cranial+Suture-Like+Gap+in+Rats.">Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Induced Cranial Suture-Like Gap in Rats.</a> Plast Reconstr Surg. 127 (1), 69-77 (2011).</li><li>Yu, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cranial+suture+regeneration+mitigates+skull+and+neurocognitive+defects+in+craniosynostosis.">Cranial suture regeneration mitigates skull and neurocognitive defects in craniosynostosis.</a> Cell. 184 (1), 243-256 (2021).</li><li>Koons, G. L., Diba, M., Mikos, A. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Materials+design+for+bone-tissue+engineering.">Materials design for bone-tissue engineering.</a> Nat Rev Mater. 5 (8), 584-603 (2020).</li><li>Mardas, N., Kostopoulos, L., Karring, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+and+suture+regeneration+in+calvarial+defects+by+e-PTFE-membranes+and+demineralized+bone+matrix+and+the+impact+on+calvarial+growth:+an+experimental+study+in+the+rat.">Bone and suture regeneration in calvarial defects by e-PTFE-membranes and demineralized bone matrix and the impact on calvarial growth: an experimental study in the rat.</a> J Craniofac Surg. 13 (3), 453-462 (2002).</li><li>Kostopoulos, L., Karring, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regeneration+of+the+sagittal+suture+by+GTR+and+its+impact+on+growth+of+the+cranial+vault.">Regeneration of the sagittal suture by GTR and its impact on growth of the cranial vault.</a> J Craniofac Surg. 11 (6), 553-561 (2000).</li><li>Mosaddad, S. A., Hussain, A., Tebyaniyan, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exploring+the+use+of+animal+models+in+craniofacial+regenerative+medicine:+A+narrative+review.">Exploring the use of animal models in craniofacial regenerative medicine: A narrative review.</a> Tissue Eng Part B Rev. , (2023).</li><li>Tan, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PgC3Mg+metal-organic+cages+functionalized+hydrogels+with+enhanced+bioactive+and+ROS+scavenging+capabilities+for+accelerated+bone+regeneration.">PgC3Mg metal-organic cages functionalized hydrogels with enhanced bioactive and ROS scavenging capabilities for accelerated bone regeneration.</a> J Mater Chem B. 10 (28), 5375-5387 (2022).</li><li>Yazdanian, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabrication+and+properties+of+&#946;TCP/Zeolite/Gelatin+scaffold+as+developed+scaffold+in+bone+regeneration:+in+vitro+and+in+vivo+studies.">Fabrication and properties of &#946;TCP/Zeolite/Gelatin scaffold as developed scaffold in bone regeneration: in vitro and in vivo studies.</a> Biocybern Biomed Eng. 40 (4), 1626-1637 (2020).</li><li>Soufdoost, R. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+and+in+vivo+evaluation+of+novel+Tadalafil/&#946;-TCP/Collagen+scaffold+for+bone+regeneration:+A+rabbit+critical-size+calvarial+defect+study.">In vitro and in vivo evaluation of novel Tadalafil/&#946;-TCP/Collagen scaffold for bone regeneration: A rabbit critical-size calvarial defect study.</a> Biocybern Biomed Eng. 39 (3), 789-796 (2019).</li><li>Russell, W. P., Russell, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anatomy,+head+and+neck,+coronal+suture.">Anatomy, head and neck, coronal suture.</a> StatPearls. , (2022).</li><li>Menon, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skeletal+stem+and+progenitor+cells+maintain+cranial+suture+patency+and+prevent+craniosynostosis.">Skeletal stem and progenitor cells maintain cranial suture patency and prevent craniosynostosis.</a> Nat Commun. 12 (1), 4640 (2021).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>4% paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Biosharp</td>
			<td>BL539A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2% Iodophor solution</td>
			<td>Chengdu Jinshan Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>75% Ethanol</td>
			<td>Chengdu Jinshan Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton balls</td>
			<td>Haishi Hainuo Group Co., Ltd.&#160;</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cotton swabs</td>
			<td>Lakong Medical Devices Co.,&#160;</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curved forceps</td>
			<td>Chengdu Shifeng Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dataviewer and Ctan software for residual defect volume assessments</td>
			<td>Bruker</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dental low-speed round burs</td>
			<td>Dreybird Medical Equipment Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>RA3-012 
			RA1-008</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable sterile scalpel</td>
			<td>Hangzhou Huawei Medical Supplies Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable syringes (22 G)</td>
			<td>Chengdu Shifeng Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>SB1-089(IX)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electric shaver</td>
			<td>JASE</td>
			<td>BM320210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA)</td>
			<td>BioFroxx</td>
			<td>1340GR500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain Kit</td>
			<td>Biosharp</td>
			<td>BL700B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Irrigation needle (23 G)</td>
			<td>Sichuan New Century Medical Polymer Products Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Low-speed handpiece</td>
			<td>Guangzhou Dental Guard Technology Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Masson&#8217;s Trichrome Stain Kit</td>
			<td>Solarbio</td>
			<td>G1340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medical non-woven fabrics</td>
			<td>Henan Yadu Industrial Co., Ltd.&#160;</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-computed tomography (&#181;CT)&#160;</td>
			<td>Scanco Medical AG</td>
			<td>&#181;CT45</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mimics 20.0 for cross-sectional images</td>
			<td>Materialise</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle holders</td>
			<td>Chengdu Shifeng Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Periosteal elevator</td>
			<td>Chengdu Shifeng Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Saline solution</td>
			<td>Sichuan Kelun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scanco medical visualizer software for 3D image reconstruction</td>
			<td>Scanco Medical AG</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SPSS Statistics 20.0 for statistical analysis</td>
			<td>IBM</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sprague-Dawley rats&#160;</td>
			<td>Byrness Weil Biotech Ltd</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Straight Scissors</td>
			<td>Chengdu Shifeng Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical Motor</td>
			<td>MARATHON</td>
			<td>N3-140232</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical sutures (3-0 monofilament)</td>
			<td>Hangzhou Huawei Medical Supplies Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>None</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the establishment of calvarial suture-bony composite defects in rats: a standardized model for suture-regenerative therapy investigation

Read this Scientific Article Protocol about The Establishment of Calvarial Suture-Bony Composite Defects in Rats: A Standardized Model for Suture-Regenerative Therapy Investigation at JoVE.com

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦：颅骨缝合骨复合缺陷标准化大鼠模型的开发和评估

大鼠颅骨缝合骨复合缺损的建立：缝合再生治疗研究的标准化模型

Large-scale calvarial defects often coincide with cranial suture disruption, leading to impairments in calvarial defect restoration and skull development ...

the-establishment-calvarial-suture-bony-composite-defects-rats

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

The Establishment of Calvarial Suture-Bony Composite Defects in Rats: A Standardized Model for Suture-Regenerative Therapy Investigation

317 次观看.  Sichuan University. 我们的研究重点是大鼠颅骨缝合骨复合缺损的详细外科手术，以及对模型的短期和长期预后的研究。主要目标是建立一个可用于推进缝合再生疗法的标准化模型。对于当前的动物模型，主要挑战在于完全去除冠状缝合，同时保留矢状缝和额缝，同时以最少的骨组织去除。我们的方案允许在冠状缝合线的左半部分和右半部分产生缺陷，并对每一侧...

视频: 作者聚焦：颅骨缝合骨复合缺陷标准化大鼠模型的开发和评估

Establishment and Propagation of Human Retinoblastoma Tumors in Immune Deficient Mice

Culturing retinoblastoma tumor cells in defined stem cell media gives rise to primary tumorspheres that can be grown and maintained for only a limited time. These cultured tumorspheres may exhibit markedly different cellular phenotypes when compared to the original tumors. Demonstration that cultured cells have the capability of forming new tumors is important to ensure that cultured cells model the biology of the original tumor. 
Here we present a protocol for propagating human retinoblastoma tumors in vivo using Rag2-/- immune deficient mice. Cultured human retinoblastoma tumorspheres of low passage or cells obtained from freshly harvested human retinoblastoma tumors injected directly into the vitreous cavity of murine eyes form tumors within 2-4 weeks. These tumors can be harvested and either further passaged into murine eyes in vivo or grown as tumorspheres in vitro. Propagation has been successfully carried out for at least three passages thus establishing a continuing source of human retinoblastoma tissue for further experimentation. 
Wesley S. Bond and Lalita Wadhwa are co-first authors.

A method is described to propagate human retinoblastoma tumors in mice. Tumor cells are directly injected into the eyes of immune deficient mice. Secondary tumors have been successfully established using both cells directly harvested from human tumors and cultured tumorspheres.

在免疫缺陷小鼠的建立和传播人类视网膜母细胞瘤肿瘤

Culturing retinoblastoma tumor cells in defined stem cell media gives rise to primary tumorspheres that can be grown and maintained for only a limited ...

科研

医学

Matrix-assisted Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation for Remodeling and Repair of Chondral Defects in a Rabbit Model

Articular cartilage defects are considered a major health problem because articular cartilage has a limited capacity for self-regeneration 1. Untreated cartilage lesions lead to ongoing pain, negatively affect the quality of life and predispose for osteoarthritis. During the last decades, several surgical techniques have been developed to treat such lesions. However, until now it was not possible to achieve a full repair in terms of covering the defect with hyaline articular cartilage or of providing satisfactory long-term recovery 2-4. Therefore, articular cartilage injuries remain a prime target for regenerative techniques such as Tissue Engineering. In contrast to other surgical techniques, which often lead to the formation of fibrous or fibrocartilaginous tissue, Tissue Engineering aims at fully restoring the complex structure and properties of the original articular cartilage by using the chondrogenic potential of transplanted cells. Recent developments opened up promising possibilities for regenerative cartilage therapies.
The first cell based approach for the treatment of full-thickness cartilage or osteochondral lesions was performed in 1994 by Lars Peterson and Mats Brittberg who pioneered clinical autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) 5. Today, the technique is clinically well-established for the treatment of large hyaline cartilage defects of the knee, maintaining good clinical results even 10 to 20 years after implantation 6. In recent years, the implantation of autologous chondrocytes underwent a rapid progression. The use of an artificial three-dimensional collagen-matrix on which cells are subsequently replanted became more and more popular 7-9.
MACT comprises of two surgical procedures: First, in order to collect chondrocytes, a cartilage biopsy needs to be performed from a non weight-bearing cartilage area of the knee joint. Then, chondrocytes are being extracted, purified and expanded to a sufficient cell number in vitro. Chondrocytes are then seeded onto a three-dimensional matrix and can subsequently be re-implanted. When preparing a tissue-engineered implant, proliferation rate and differentiation capacity are crucial for a successful tissue regeneration 10. The use of a three-dimensional matrix as a cell carrier is thought to support these cellular characteristics 11.
The following protocol will summarize and demonstrate a technique for the isolation of chondrocytes from cartilage biopsies, their proliferation in vitro and their seeding onto a 3D-matrix (Chondro-Gide, Geistlich Biomaterials, Wollhusen, Switzerland). Finally, the implantation of the cell-matrix-constructs into artificially created chondral defects of a rabbit's knee joint will be described. This technique can be used as an experimental setting for further experiments of cartilage repair.

An experimental technique for the treatment of chondral defects in the rabbit's knee joint is described. The implantation of autologous chondrocytes seeded on a matrix is a well-accepted method for the remodeling and repair of articular cartilage lesions providing satisfying long-term results. Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT) offers a standardized and clinically established implantation method.

基质辅助重塑和修复软骨缺损的自体软骨细胞移植在兔模型

Articular cartilage defects are considered a major health problem because articular cartilage has a limited capacity for self-regeneration 1. Untreated ...

Tibial Nerve Transection - A Standardized Model for Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice

The tibial nerve transection model is a well-tolerated, validated, and reproducible model of denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in rodents. Although originally developed and used extensively in the rat due to its larger size, the tibial nerve in mice is big enough that it can be easily manipulated with either crush or transection, leaving the peroneal and sural nerve branches of the sciatic nerve intact and thereby preserving their target muscles. Thus, this model offers the advantages of inducing less morbidity and impediment of ambulation than the sciatic nerve transection model and also allows investigators to study the physiologic, cellular and molecular biologic mechanisms regulating the process of muscle atrophy in genetically engineered mice. The tibial nerve supplies the gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris muscles, so its transection permits the study of denervated skeletal muscle composed of fast twitch type II fibers and/or slow twitch type I fibers. Here we demonstrate the tibial nerve transection model in the C57Black6 mouse. We assess the atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle, as a representative muscle, at 1, 2, and 4 weeks post-denervation by measuring muscle weights and fiber type specific cross-sectional area on paraffin-embedded histologic sections immunostained for fast twitch myosin.

The tibial nerve transection model is a well-tolerated, validated, and reproducible model of skeletal muscle atrophy. The model surgical protocol is described and demonstrated in C57Black6 mice. &#160;

胫骨神经切断术 - 一个标准化的模型失神经诱导小鼠骨骼肌

The tibial nerve transection model is a well-tolerated, validated, and reproducible model of denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in rodents. ...

Transarterial Administration of Oncolytic Viruses for Locoregional Therapy of Orthotopic HCC in Rats

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. In recent years, oncolytic virotherapies have proven themselves to be potentially powerful tools to fight malignancy. Due to the unique dual blood supply in the liver, it is possible to apply therapies locally to orthotopic liver tumors, which are predominantly fed by arterial blood flow. We have previously demonstrated that hepatic arterial delivery of oncolytic viruses results in safe and efficient transduction efficiency of multifocal HCC lesions, resulting in significant prolongation of survival in immune competent rats. This procedure closely mimics the application of transarterial embolization in patients, which is the standard palliative care provided to many HCC patients. The ability to administer tumor therapies through the hepatic artery in rats allows for a highly sophisticated preclinical model for evaluating novel viral vectors under development. Here we describe the detailed protocol for microdissection of the hepatic artery for infusion of oncolytic virus vectors to treat orthotopic HCC.

Oncolytic virotherapies are under development as novel therapeutics for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here we describe a method for locoregional therapy of HCC via hepatic arterial administration of oncolytic virus.

溶瘤病毒的Transarterial管理局大鼠原位肝癌的局部治疗

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease with limited treatment options and poor prognosis.  In recent years, oncolytic virotherapies have proven ...

Standardized Histomorphometric Evaluation of Osteoarthritis in a Surgical Mouse Model

One of the most prevalent joint disorders in the United States, osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, primarily in the hip and knee joints, which results in significant impacts on patient mobility and quality of life. To date, there are no existing curative therapies for OA able to slow down or inhibit cartilage degeneration. Presently, there is an extensive body of ongoing research to understand OA pathology and discover novel therapeutic approaches or agents that can efficiently slow down, stop, or even reverse OA. Thus, it is crucial to have a quantitative and reproducible approach to accurately evaluate OA-associated pathological changes in the joint cartilage, synovium, and subchondral bone. Currently, OA severity and progression are primarily assessed using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) or Mankin scoring systems. In spite of the importance of these scoring systems, they are semiquantitative and can be influenced by user subjectivity. More importantly, they fail to accurately evaluate subtle, yet important, changes in the cartilage during the early disease states or early treatment phases. The protocol we describe here uses a computerized and semiautomated histomorphometric software system to establish a standardized, rigorous, and reproducible quantitative methodology for the evaluation of joint changes in OA. This protocol presents a powerful addition to the existing systems and allows for more efficient detection of pathological changes in the joint.

The current protocol establishes a rigorous and reproducible method for quantification of morphological joint changes that accompany osteoarthritis. Application of this protocol can be valuable in monitoring disease progression and evaluating therapeutic interventions in osteoarthritis.

手术小鼠模型中骨关节炎的标准化形态学评价

One of the most prevalent joint disorders in the United States, osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage, ...

Endotracheal Intubation Using a Flexible Intubation Endoscope as a Standardized Model for Safe Airway Management in Swine

Endotracheal intubation is often a basic requirement for translational research in porcine models for various interventions that require a secured airway or high ventilation pressures. Endotracheal intubation is a challenging skill,&#160;requiring a minimum number of successful endotracheal intubations to achieve a high success rate under optimal conditions, which is often unachievable for non-anaesthesiology researchers. Due to the specific porcine airway anatomy, a difficult airway can usually be assumed. The impossibility of establishing a secure airway can result in injury, adverse events, or death of the laboratory animal. Using a prospective, randomized, controlled evaluation approach, it has been shown that fiberoptic-assisted endotracheal intubation takes longer but has a higher first-pass success rate than conventional intubation without causing clinically relevant drops in oxygen saturation. This model presents a standardized regimen for endoscopically guided endotracheal intubation, providing a secured airway, especially for researchers who are inexperienced in the technique of endotracheal intubation via direct laryngoscopy. This procedure is expected to minimize animal suffering and unnecessary animal losses.

The use of pigs in research has increased in recent years. Nevertheless, pigs are characterized by difficult airway anatomy. By demonstrating how to perform endoscopically guided endotracheal intubation, the present protocol aims to further increase laboratory animals' safety to avoid animal suffering and unnecessary death.

使用柔性插管内窥镜作为猪安全气道管理的标准化模型的气管插管

Endotracheal intubation is often a basic requirement for translational research in porcine models for various interventions that require a secured airway ...

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Parathyroid gland (PG) identification is a critical unmet need in thyroidectomy. The identification of the PG is challenging in thyroid surgery as it is similar in color to the thyroid gland. The lack of effective animal models in preclinical research is a severe limitation for the development of PG identification techniques. This protocol allows for the establishment of a simple and effective rat model for PG identification. In this model, black iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are injected locally in the thyroid gland and rapidly diffuse within the thyroid gland but not the PG. A negatively stained PG and a positively stained thyroid gland can be easily identified by the naked eye without requiring external microscopes. The position of the PG can be identified by increasing the color contrast between the thyroid gland and the PG, based on the color of the black IONPs. This rat model is low-cost and convenient for PG identification, and the IONPs are a novel PG contrast agent.

To date, the development of parathyroid gland (PG) identification methods is limited by the lack of animal models in preclinical research. Here, we establish a simple and effective rat model for intraoperative PG imaging and evaluate its effectiveness by using iron oxide nanoparticles as a novel PG contrast agent.

建立简单有效的术中甲状旁腺成像大鼠模型

Parathyroid gland (PG) identification is a critical unmet need in thyroidectomy. The identification of the PG is challenging in thyroid surgery as it is ...

Development and Evaluation of a Rat Model of Full-Thickness Cartilage Defects

Cartilage defects of the knee joint caused by trauma are a common sports joint injury in the clinic, and these defects result in joint pain, impaired movement, and eventually, knee osteoarthritis (kOA). However, there is little effective treatment for cartilage defects or even kOA. Animal models are important for developing therapeutic drugs, but the existing models for cartilage defects are unsatisfactory. This work established a full-thickness cartilage defects (FTCD) model by drilling holes in the femoral trochlear groove of rats, and the subsequent pain behavior and histopathological changes were used as readout experiments. After surgery, the mechanical withdrawal threshold was decreased, chondrocytes at the injured site were lost, matrix metalloproteinase MMP13 expression was increased, and type II collagen expression decreased, consistent with the pathological changes observed in human cartilage defects. This methodology is easy and simple to perform and enables gross observation immediately after the injury. Furthermore, this model can successfully mimic clinical cartilage defects, thus providing a platform for studying the pathological process of cartilage defects and developing corresponding therapeutic drugs.

This protocol establishes a full-thickness cartilage defects (FTCD) model by drilling holes in the femoral trochlear groove of rats and measuring the subsequent pain behavior and histopathological changes.

全层软骨缺损大鼠模型的开发与评价

Cartilage defects of the knee joint caused by trauma are a common sports joint injury in the clinic, and these defects result in joint pain, impaired ...

基于 Ding's Roll 操作治疗大鼠模型肌肉损伤的按摩器

Mimicking Ding's Roll Method on Notexin-Induced Muscle Injury in Rats

Ding's roll method is one of the most commonly used manipulations in traditional Chinese massage (Tuina) clinics and one of the most influential contemporary Tuina manipulations in China. It is based on the traditional rolling method commonly used in the one finger Zen genre and named Ding's roll method. Due to its anti-inflammatory and blood circulation-promoting effects, Ding's rolling method has sound therapeutic effects on myopathy. Because of the large area of force applied to human skin, Ding's roll method is challenging to perform on experimental animals with small skin areas, such as rats and rabbits. Additionally, the strength of Tuina applied to the human body differs from that applied to experimental animals, so it may happen that the strength is too high or too low to achieve the therapeutic effect of Tuina during the experiment. This experiment aims to create a simple massager suitable for rats based on Ding's rolling manipulation parameters (strength, frequency, Tuina duration). The device can standardize manipulation in animal experiments and reduce the variation in Tuina force applied to different animals due to subjective factors. A rat model of notexin-induced skeletal muscle injury was established, and plasma injury markers creatine kinase (CK) and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) were used to assess the therapeutic effect of Tuina on skeletal muscle injury. The results showed that this Tuina massager could reduce the levels of CK and FABP3 expression and slow down the degree of skeletal muscle injury. Therefore, the Tuina massager described here, mimicking Ding's roll method, contributes to standardizing Tuina manipulation in experimental research and is of great help for subsequent research on the molecular mechanism of Tuina for myopathy.

作者聚焦：使用自制按摩器对大鼠进行推拿按摩 

This protocol describes a simple device that mimics Ding's roll method, establishes a rat model of skeletal muscle injury, and uses hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe the pathology of damaged tissue and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect changes in serum damage markers.