<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>电声刺激中长电极的听力保护

<ol>
	<li>Von Ilberg, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electric-acoustic+stimulation+of+the+auditory+system.+New+technology+for+severe+hearing+loss.">Electric-acoustic stimulation of the auditory system. New technology for severe hearing loss.</a> ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 61 (6), 334-340 (1999).</li><li>Gstoettner, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+electrode+for+residual+hearing+preservation+in+cochlear+implantation:+First+clinical+results.">A new electrode for residual hearing preservation in cochlear implantation: First clinical results.</a> Acta Otolaryngol. 129 (4), 372-379 (2009).</li><li>Moteki, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Feasibility+of+hearing+preservation+for+residual+hearing+with+longer+cochlear+implant+electrodes.">Feasibility of hearing preservation for residual hearing with longer cochlear implant electrodes.</a> Acta Otolaryngol. 138 (12), 1080-1085 (2018).</li><li>Usami, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Achievement+of+hearing+preservation+in+the+presence+of+an+electrode+covering+the+residual+hearing+region.">Achievement of hearing preservation in the presence of an electrode covering the residual hearing region.</a> Acta Otolaryngol. 131 (4), 405-412 (2011).</li><li>Usami, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hearing+preservation+and+clinical+outcome+of+32+consecutive+electric+acoustic+stimulation+(EAS)+surgeries.">Hearing preservation and clinical outcome of 32 consecutive electric acoustic stimulation (EAS) surgeries.</a> Acta Otolaryngol. 134 (7), 717-727 (2014).</li><li>Yoshimura, H., Moteki, H., Nishio, S. Y., Usami, S. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electric-acoustic+stimulation+with+longer+electrodes+for+potential+deterioration+in+low-frequency+hearing.">Electric-acoustic stimulation with longer electrodes for potential deterioration in low-frequency hearing.</a> Acta Otolaryngol. 140 (8), 632-638 (2020).</li><li>Yoshimura, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+testing+has+the+potential+to+impact+hearing+preservation+following+cochlear+implantation.">Genetic testing has the potential to impact hearing preservation following cochlear implantation.</a> Acta Otolaryngol. 140 (6), 438-444 (2020).</li><li>Van de Heyning, P. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+literature+review+of+hearing+preservation+rates+in+cochlear+implantation+associated+with+medium-+and+longer-length+flexible+lateral+wall+electrode+arrays.">Systematic literature review of hearing preservation rates in cochlear implantation associated with medium- and longer-length flexible lateral wall electrode arrays.</a> Front Surg. 9, 893839 (2022).</li><li>Buchman, C. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+cochlear+implant+insertion+depth+on+performance:+A+prospective+randomized+trial.">Influence of cochlear implant insertion depth on performance: A prospective randomized trial.</a> Otol Neurotol. 35 (10), 1773-1779 (2014).</li><li>Buchner, A., Illg, A., Majdani, O., Lenarz, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Investigation+of+the+effect+of+cochlear+implant+electrode+length+on+speech+comprehension+in+quiet+and+noise+compared+with+the+results+with+users+of+electro-acoustic-stimulation,+a+retrospective+analysis.">Investigation of the effect of cochlear implant electrode length on speech comprehension in quiet and noise compared with the results with users of electro-acoustic-stimulation, a retrospective analysis.</a> PLoS One. 12 (5), e0174900 (2017).</li><li>Canfarotta, M. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+influence+of+electrode+array+length+on+speech+recognition+in+cochlear+implant+users.">Long-term influence of electrode array length on speech recognition in cochlear implant users.</a> Laryngoscope. 131 (4), 892-897 (2021).</li><li>Nassiri, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hearing+preservation+outcomes+using+a+precurved+electrode+array+inserted+with+an+external+sheath.">Hearing preservation outcomes using a precurved electrode array inserted with an external sheath.</a> Otol Neurotol. 41 (1), 33-38 (2020).</li><li>O'Connell, B. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrode+location+and+angular+insertion+depth+are+predictors+of+audiologic+outcomes+in+cochlear+implantation.">Electrode location and angular insertion depth are predictors of audiologic outcomes in cochlear implantation.</a> Otol Neurotol. 37 (8), 1016-1023 (2016).</li><li>Moteki, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+results+of+hearing+preservation+cochlear+implant+surgery+in+patients+with+residual+low+frequency+hearing.">Long-term results of hearing preservation cochlear implant surgery in patients with residual low frequency hearing.</a> Acta Otolaryngol. 137 (5), 516-521 (2017).</li><li>Von Ilberg, C. A., Baumann, U., Kiefer, J., Tillein, J., Adunka, O. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electric-acoustic+stimulation+of+the+auditory+system:+A+review+of+the+first+decade.">Electric-acoustic stimulation of the auditory system: A review of the first decade.</a> Audiol Neurootol. 16, 1-30 (2011).</li><li>Ariyasu, L., Galey, F. R., Hilsinger, R., Byl, F. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Computer-generated+three-dimensional+reconstruction+of+the+cochlea.">Computer-generated three-dimensional reconstruction of the cochlea.</a> Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 100 (2), 87-91 (1989).</li><li>Danielian, A., Ishiyama, G., Lopez, I. A., Ishiyama, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Morphometric+linear+and+angular+measurements+of+the+human+cochlea+in+implant+patients+using+3-dimensional+reconstruction.">Morphometric linear and angular measurements of the human cochlea in implant patients using 3-dimensional reconstruction.</a> Hear Res. 386, 107874 (2020).</li><li>Kawano, A., Seldon, H. L., Clark, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Computer-aided+three-dimensional+reconstruction+in+human+cochlear+maps:+Measurement+of+the+lengths+of+organ+of+Corti,+outer+wall,+inner+wall,+and+Rosenthal's+canal.">Computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction in human cochlear maps: Measurement of the lengths of organ of Corti, outer wall, inner wall, and Rosenthal's canal.</a> Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 105 (9), 701-709 (1996).</li><li>Rask-Andersen, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+cochlea:+Anatomical+characteristics+and+their+relevance+for+cochlear+implantation.">Human cochlea: Anatomical characteristics and their relevance for cochlear implantation.</a> Anat Rec (Hoboken). 295 (11), 1791-1811 (2012).</li><li>Skarzynski, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Towards+a+consensus+on+a+hearing+preservation+classification+system.">Towards a consensus on a hearing preservation classification system.</a> Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 564, 3-13 (2013).</li><li>Yoshimura, H., Watanabe, K., Nishio, S. Y., Takumi, Y., Usami, S. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determining+optimal+cochlear+implant+electrode+array+with+OTOPLAN.">Determining optimal cochlear implant electrode array with OTOPLAN.</a> Acta Otolaryngol. 143 (9), 748-752 (2023).</li><li>Skarzynska, M. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preservation+of+hearing+following+cochlear+implantation+using+different+steroid+therapy+regimens:+a+prospective+clinical+study.">Preservation of hearing following cochlear implantation using different steroid therapy regimens: a prospective clinical study.</a> Med Sci Monit. 24, 2437-2445 (2018).</li><li>Geerardyn, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+histology+after+structure+preservation+cochlear+implantation+via+round+window+insertion.">Human histology after structure preservation cochlear implantation via round window insertion.</a> Laryngoscope. 134 (2), 945-953 (2023).</li><li>Campbell, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intraoperative+real-time+cochlear+response+telemetry+predicts+hearing+preservation+in+cochlear+implantation.">Intraoperative real-time cochlear response telemetry predicts hearing preservation in cochlear implantation.</a> Otol Neurotol. 37 (4), 332-338 (2016).</li></ol>

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>DEXART 3.3 mg</td>
			<td>Fuji Pharma</td>
			<td>22100AMX01404</td>
			<td>equal to dexamethasone sodium phosphate (4 mg)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DEXART 6.6 mg</td>
			<td>Fuji Pharma</td>
			<td>22100AMX01402</td>
			<td>equal to dexamethasone sodium phosphate (8 mg)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fentanyl injection 0.1 mg</td>
			<td>TERUMO</td>
			<td>22100AMX00009</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MAESTRO 7.0</td>
			<td>MED-EL</td>
			<td>4582290238456</td>
			<td>fitting software for map settings</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Midas Rex MR8&#160;</td>
			<td>Medtronic</td>
			<td>301ADBZX00046000</td>
			<td>high speed drill</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OTOPLAN software</td>
			<td>Cascination / MED-EL</td>
			<td>REF 20125</td>
			<td>for measuring cochlear duct length (CDL)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Predonine tablets</td>
			<td>Shionogi</td>
			<td>16000AMZ01740000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propofol 1% 50 mL</td>
			<td>Maruishi Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd</td>
			<td>30100AMX00158</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Remifentanil 2 mg</td>
			<td>Daiichi-Sankyo</td>
			<td>22800AMX00090</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rocuronium bromide 50 mg/50 mL</td>
			<td>Maruishi Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd</td>
			<td>22800AMX00534</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SONNET2 EAS</td>
			<td>MED-EL</td>
			<td>4582290241807</td>
			<td>processor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Synchrony2 FLEX28</td>
			<td>MED-EL</td>
			<td>4571573943026</td>
			<td>cochlear implant (electrode)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylocaine 0.5% with epinephrine</td>
			<td>Sandoz Pharma</td>
			<td>4KUZ13127</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

enhanced cochlear coverage and hearing preservation in high-frequency hearing loss via electric acoustic stimulation with longer electrode

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦：使用长电极优化 EAS 以增强人工耳蜗覆盖率和听力保护

通过使用较长电极的电声刺激增强高频听力损失中的耳蜗覆盖率和听力保护

Electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS) is a promising treatment to improve hearing ability in patients with high-frequency hearing loss (HL). In EAS ...

enhanced-cochlear-coverage-hearing-preservation-high-frequency

Without Section

Research

Enhanced Cochlear Coverage and Hearing Preservation in High-Frequency Hearing Loss via Electric Acoustic Stimulation with Longer Electrode

JoVE Journal

Medicine

619 次观看.  Shinshu University School of Medicine. 在高频听力损失的情况下，使用较长电极的电声刺激可以提供更宽的耳蜗覆盖范围和各种类型的地图。我们正在努力使用微创技术、灵活的电极和类固醇给药来研究一种更安全的 EAS 手术方法。这允许以最小的手术创伤进行更深的插入，从而很好地保护听力。我们早期的研究表明，即使在 EAS 病例中，这种侵入性 CI 手术与薄、直和灵活的较长电?...

视频: 作者聚焦：使用长电极优化 EAS 以增强人工耳蜗覆盖率和听力保护

Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery

The ability to hear is only the first step towards making sense of the range of information contained in an auditory signal. Of equal importance are the abilities to extract and use the information encoded in the auditory signal. We refer to these as listening skills (or auditory processing AP). Deficits in these skills are associated with delayed language and literacy development, though the nature of the relevant deficits and their causal connection with these delays is hotly debated.
When a child is referred to a health professional with normal hearing and unexplained difficulties in listening, or associated delays in language or literacy development, they should ideally be assessed with a combination of psychoacoustic (AP) tests, suitable for children and for use in a clinic, together with cognitive tests to measure attention, working memory, IQ, and language skills. Such a detailed examination needs to be relatively short and within the technical capability of any suitably qualified professional. Current tests for the presence of AP deficits tend to be poorly constructed and inadequately validated within the normal population. They have little or no reference to the presenting symptoms of the child, and typically include a linguistic component. Poor performance may thus reflect problems with language rather than with AP. To assist in the assessment of children with listening difficulties, pediatric audiologists need a single, standardized child-appropriate test battery based on the use of language-free stimuli.
We present the IMAP test battery which was developed at the MRC Institute of Hearing Research to supplement tests currently used to investigate cases of suspected AP deficits. IMAP assesses a range of relevant auditory and cognitive skills and takes about one hour to complete. It has been standardized in 1500 normally-hearing children from across the UK, aged 6-11 years. Since its development, it has been successfully used in a number of large scale studies both in the UK and the USA. IMAP provides measures for separating out sensory from cognitive contributions to hearing. It further limits confounds due to procedural effects by presenting tests in a child-friendly game-format. Stimulus-generation, management of test protocols and control of test presentation is mediated by the IHR-STAR software platform. This provides a standardized methodology for a range of applications and ensures replicable procedures across testers. IHR-STAR provides a flexible, user-programmable environment that currently has additional applications for hearing screening, mapping cochlear implant electrodes, and academic research or teaching.

A test battery (IMAP) for performing an in-depth assessment of auditory and cognitive abilities contributing to listening skills is described. It is quick to administer, child-friendly and free from linguistic confounds. Stimulus generation and protocol management are controlled via a software platform (IHR-STAR) to ensure replicable procedures.

听力：IMAP测试电池的决策意识

The ability to hear is only the first step towards making sense of the range of information contained in an auditory signal. Of equal importance are the ...

科研

医学

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection

Stroke is a leading cause of death, disability, and socioeconomic loss worldwide. The majority of all strokes result from an interruption in blood flow (ischemia) 1. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) delivers a great majority of blood to the lateral surface of the cortex 2, is the most common site of human stroke 3, and ischemia within its territory can result in extensive dysfunction or death 1,4,5. Survivors of ischemic stroke often suffer loss or disruption of motor capabilities, sensory deficits, and infarct. In an effort to capture these key characteristics of stroke, and thereby develop effective treatment, a great deal of emphasis is placed upon animal models of ischemia in MCA.
Here we present a method of permanently occluding a cortical surface blood vessel. We will present this method using an example of a relevant vessel occlusion that models the most common type, location, and outcome of human stroke, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). In this model, we surgically expose MCA in the adult rat and subsequently occlude via double ligature and transection of the vessel. This pMCAO blocks the proximal cortical branch of MCA, causing ischemia in all of MCA cortical territory, a large portion of the cortex. This method of occlusion can also be used to occlude more distal portions of cortical vessels in order to achieve more focal ischemia targeting a smaller region of cortex. The primary disadvantages of pMCAO are that the surgical procedure is somewhat invasive as a small craniotomy is required to access MCA, though this results in minimal tissue damage. The primary advantages of this model, however, are: the site of occlusion is well defined, the degree of blood flow reduction is consistent, functional and neurological impairment occurs rapidly, infarct size is consistent, and the high rate of survival allows for long-term chronic assessment.

Permanent Cerebral Vessel Occlusion via Double Ligature and Transection

We describe a highly reproducible method for the permanent occlusion of a rodent major cerebral blood vessel. This technique can be accomplished with very little peripheral damage, minimal blood loss, a high rate of long-term survival, and consistent infarct volume commensurate with the human clinical population.

永久性脑血管闭塞<em&gt;通过</em&gt;双人结扎横断

Stroke is a leading cause of death, disability, and socioeconomic loss worldwide. The majority of all strokes result from an interruption in blood flow ...

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research

While there have been remarkable advances in hearing research over the past few decades, there is still no cure for Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL), a condition that typically involves damage to or loss of the delicate mechanosensory structures of the inner ear. Sophisticated in vitro and ex vivo assays have emerged in recent years, enabling the screening of an increasing number of potentially therapeutic compounds while minimizing resources and accelerating efforts to develop cures for SNHL. Though homogenous cultures of certain cell types continue to play an important role in current research, many scientists now rely on more complex organotypic cultures of murine inner ears, also known as cochlear explants. The preservation of organized cellular structures within the inner ear facilitates the in situ evaluation of various components of the cochlear infrastructure, including inner and outer hair cells, spiral ganglion neurons, neurites, and supporting cells. Here we present the preparation, culture, treatment, and immunostaining of neonatal murine cochlear explants. The careful preparation of these explants facilitates the identification of mechanisms that contribute to SNHL and constitutes a valuable tool for the hearing research community.

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research

The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate the preparation, culture, treatment, and immunostaining of neonatal murine cochlear explants. The technique can be utilized as an in vitro screening tool in hearing research.

新生儿鼠耳蜗外科手术技术<em&gt;体外</em&gt;听力研究筛选工具

While there have been remarkable advances in hearing research over the past few decades, there is still no cure for Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL), a ...

In Vivo Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Meni&#232;re's Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears

Analysis of neural structures in Meni&#232;re's Disease (MD) is of importance, since a loss of such structures has previously been proposed for this patient group but has yet to be confirmed. This protocol describes a method of in vivo evaluation of neural changes especially well suitable for cranial nerve analysis using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MD-patients and normal hearing persons were examined in a 3-T MR-scanner using a scan protocol including strongly T2-weighted 3D gradient-echo-sequence (3D-CISS). In the patient group, MD was additionally confirmed using MRI-based assessment of endolymphatic hydrops. Morphometric analysis was performed using a freeware DICOM viewer. Evaluation of cranial nerves included measurements of cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the nerves at different levels as well as orthogonal diametric measurements.

&lt;em&gt;In Vivo&lt;/em&gt; Morphometric Analysis of Human Cranial Nerves Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Meni&amp;#232;re&#039;s Disease Ears and Normal Hearing Ears

To evaluate morphological changes of cranial nerves such as loss of neural structures or swelling of cranial nerves in Meni&#232;re&#39;s Disease (MD) or in healthy persons in vivo, a protocol of evaluation has been developed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Additional MRI-based confirmation of MD was performed.

体内Menière 病耳和正常听觉的磁共振成像对人颅神经的形态学分析

Analysis of neural structures in Meni&#232;re's Disease (MD) is of importance, since a loss of such structures has previously been proposed for this ...

Measurement of Strial Blood Flow in Mouse Cochlea Utilizing an Open Vessel-Window and Intravital Fluorescence Microscopy

Transduction of sound is metabolically demanding, and the normal function of the microvasculature in the lateral wall is critical for maintaining endocochlear potential, ion transport, and fluid balance. Different forms of hearing disorders are reported to involve abnormal microcirculation in the cochlea. Investigation of how cochlear blood flow (CoBF) pathology affects hearing function is challenging due to the lack of feasible interrogation methods and the difficulty in accessing the inner ear. An open vessel-window in the lateral cochlear wall, combined with fluorescence intravital microscopy, has been used for studying CoBF changes in vivo, but mostly in guinea pig and only recently in the mouse. This paper and the associated video describe the open vessel-window method for visualizing blood flow in the mouse cochlea. Details include 1) preparation of the fluorescent-labeled blood cell suspension from mice; 2) construction of an open vessel-window for intravital microscopy in an anesthetized mouse, and 3) measurement of blood flow velocity and volume using an offline recording of the imaging. The method is presented in video format to show how to use the open window approach in mouse to investigate structural and functional changes in the cochlear microcirculation under normal and pathological conditions.

An open vessel-window approach using fluorescent tracers provides sufficient resolution for cochlear blood flow (CoBF) measurement. The method facilitates the study of structural and functional changes in CoBF in mouse under normal and pathological conditions.

使用打开的血管窗口和活体荧光显微镜测量小鼠耳蜗中的心室血流

Transduction of sound is metabolically demanding, and the normal function of the microvasculature in the lateral wall is critical for maintaining ...

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

Ovarian function progressively declines during aging and in some pathophysiological conditions including karyotype abnormality, autoimmune diseases, chemo- and radiation-therapies, as well as ovarian surgeries. In unmarried women with severe ovarian dysfunction, fertility preservation is important for future pregnancies. Although oocyte cryopreservation is an established method for fertility preservation, these patients could only preserve a limited number of oocytes even after ovarian hyperstimulation, leading to repeated stimulations to ensure sufficient oocytes to guarantee future pregnancy. To solve this issue, we have recently developed a drug-free in vitro activation (IVA) procedure, which enable us to stimulate early stages of ovarian follicles to develop to the preantral follicle stage. These preantral follicles can respond to the unique protocol of gonadotropin stimulation, resulting in increased number of retrieved oocytes per ovarian stimulation for cryopreservation. The drug-free IVA comprised from the surgical approach and ovarian stimulation. We removed a part of cortex from one or both ovaries from patients under laparoscopic surgery. The ovarian cortical tissues were cut into small cubes to disrupt the Hippo signaling pathway and stimulate the development of early stage follicles. These cubes were grafted orthotropically into remaining ovaries as well as beneath the serosa of both Fallopian tubes. We have already published the surgical procedure of the drug-free IVA and the protocol of subsequent ovarian stimulation, but herein we present the details of laboratory methods required for drug-free IVA.

We present details of laboratory procedures for drug-free in vitro activation (IVA) of ovarian follicles for patients with severe ovarian dysfunction. This method could increase the number of retrievable oocytes per ovarian hyperstimulation and benefit fertility preservation for those patients.

严重卵巢功能障碍患者的生育保护

Ovarian function progressively declines during aging and in some pathophysiological conditions including karyotype abnormality, autoimmune diseases, ...

Performing Intracochlear Electrocochleography During Cochlear Implantation

Electrocochleography (ECochG) measures inner ear potentials generated in response to acoustic stimulation of the ear. These potentials reflect the residual function of the cochlea. In cochlear implant candidates with residual hearing, the implant electrode can directly measure ECochG responses during the implantation process. Various authors have described the ability to monitor the inner ear function by continuous ECochG measurements during the surgery. The measurement of ECochG signals during surgery is not trivial. There are no interpretable signals in up to 20% of cases. For a successful recording, a standardized procedure is recommended to achieve the highest measurement reliability and avoid possible pitfalls. Therefore, seamless collaboration between the CI surgeon and CI technician is key. This video consists of an overview of the system setup and a stepwise procedure of performing intracochlear ECochG measurements during CI surgery. It shows the surgeon's and the CI technician's roles in the process, and how a smooth collaboration between the two is made possible.

Electrocochleography (ECochG) measures inner ear potentials generated in response to acoustic stimulation. In cochlear implant (CI) candidates, such inner ear potentials can be measured directly with the implant electrodes. In this video, we systematically explain how to perform ECochG recordings during CI surgery.

在人工耳蜗植入过程中进行脑室内耳蜗电图检查

Electrocochleography (ECochG) measures inner ear potentials generated in response to acoustic stimulation of the ear. These potentials reflect the ...

Robotic Cochlear Implantation for Direct Cochlear Access

Robot-assisted systems offer great potential for gentler and more precise cochlear implantation. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical workflow for robotic cochlear implantation using a robotic system specifically developed for a minimally invasive, direct cochlear access. The clinical workflow involves experts from various disciplines and requires training to ensure a smooth and safe procedure. The protocol briefly summarizes the history of robotic cochlear implantation. The clinical sequence is explained in detail, beginning with the assessment of patient eligibility and covering surgical preparation, preoperative planning with the special planning software, drilling of the middle ear access, intraoperative imaging to confirm the trajectory, milling of the inner ear access, insertion of the electrode array, and implant management. The steps that require special attention are discussed. As an example, the postoperative outcome of robotic cochlear implantation in a patient with advanced otosclerosis is presented. Finally, the procedure is discussed in the context of the authors' experience.

Robotic cochlear implantation is a procedure for minimally invasive inner ear access. Compared to conventional surgery, robotic cochlear implantation involves additional steps that need to be carried out in the operating room. In this article we give a description of the procedure and highlight the important aspects of robotic cochlear implantation.

用于直接访问人工耳蜗的机器人人工耳蜗植入

Robot-assisted systems offer great potential for gentler and more precise cochlear implantation. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of ...

The Miniature Pig: A Large Animal Model for Cochlear Implant Research

Cochlear implants (CI) are the most effective method to treat people with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. Although CIs are used worldwide, no standard model exists for investigating the electrophysiology and histopathology in patients or animal models with a CI or for evaluating new models of electrode arrays. A large animal model with cochlea characteristics similar to those of humans may provide a research and evaluation platform for advanced and modified arrays before their use in humans. 
To this end, we established standard CI methods with Bama mini-pigs, whose inner ear anatomy is highly similar to that of humans. Arrays designed for human use were implanted into the mini pig cochlea through a round window membrane, and a surgical approach followed that was similar to that used for human CI recipients. Array insertion was followed by evoked compound action potential (ECAP) measurements to evaluate the function of the auditory nerve. This study describes the preparation of the animal, surgical steps, array insertion, and intraoperative electrophysiological measurements. 
The results indicated that the same CI used for humans could be easily implanted in mini-pigs via a standardized surgical approach and yielded similar electrophysiological outcomes as measured in human CI recipients. Mini-pigs could be a valuable animal model to provide initial evidence of the safety and potential performance of novel electrode arrays and surgical approaches before applying them to human beings.

Miniature pigs (mini-pigs) are an ideal large animal model for research into cochlear implants. Cochlear implantation surgery in mini-pigs can be utilized to provide initial evidence of the safety and potential performance of novel electrode arrays and surgical approaches in a living system similar to human beings.

微型猪：人工耳蜗研究的大型动物模型

Cochlear implants (CI) are the most effective method to treat people with severe-to-profound sensorineural hearing loss. Although CIs are used worldwide, ...

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Cochlear implant (CI) provision is the most effective clinical treatment to restore hearing performance in individuals with profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). It has been successful in providing improved speech perception outcomes, especially in quiet environments. However, speech perception performance within complex environments, lexical tone recognition, and music perception have been shown to only improve with newer fine structure coding strategies or related techniques. Therefore, the methods used to assess hearing performance in noisy environments, lexical tone recognition, and music perception are of vital importance. These assessments must reflect the postoperative outcomes and also provide guidance for the programming, rehabilitation, and application of new coding strategies. In this study, hearing performance in simple and complex situations was evaluated before and after upgrading to a fine structure strategy. The participants were a cohort of Mandarin-speaking adolescents, who were experienced CI users. The comprehensive clinical workflow involved assessments of speech in quiet conditions, speech in noisy conditions, lexical tone recognition, and music perception. This battery of tests is explained in detail, from the coding strategy to the test methods, including the test process, environment, device, material, and order. The details that require special attention are discussed, such as the position of the participants, the angle of the loudspeaker, the intensity of the sound, the noise type, the practice test, and the way of answering questions. Each test step, method, and material for speech, lexical tone, and music perception is presented in detail. Finally, the clinical results are discussed.

This paper describes a battery of tests used to clinically assess the hearing performance of adolescent, Mandarin-speaking, experienced cochlear implant users upgraded to a new fine structure coding strategy. The battery of tests include speech in quiet conditions, speech in noisy conditions, lexical tone, and music perception.

早期植入人工耳蜗的青少年系统听力表现评估过程

Cochlear implant (CI) provision is the most effective clinical treatment to restore hearing performance in individuals with profound sensorineural hearing ...