Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass

The Golgi complex consists of serially stacked membrane cisternae which can be further categorized into sub-Golgi regions, including the cis-Golgi, ...

Nanyang Technological University

A [(C(18)H(37))(2)N(+)(CH(3))(2)](3)[PW(12)O(40)] catalyst, assembled in an emulsion in diesel, can selectively oxidize the sulfur-containing molecules present in diesel into their corresponding sulfones by using H(2)O(2) as the oxidant under mild conditions. The sulfones can be readily separated from the diesel using an extractant, and the sulfur level of the desulfurized diesel can be lowered from about 500 ppm to 0.1 ppm without changing the properties of the diesel. The catalyst demonstrates high performance (>/=96 % efficiency of H(2)O(2), is easily recycled, and approximately 100 % selectivity to sulfones). Metastable emulsion droplets (water in oil) act like a homogeneous catalyst and are formed when the catalyst (as the surfactant) and H(2)O(2) (30 %) are mixed in the diesel. However, the catalyst can be separated from the diesel after demulsification.

Ultra-deep desulfurization of diesel: oxidation with a recoverable catalyst assembled in emulsion.

Zeolites NaY and LaNaY (ion-exchanged with aqueous lanthanum nitrate solution) were used as adsorbents for removing organic sulfur compounds from model gasoline solutions (without and with toluene) and fluid catalytic cracked gasoline in fixed-bed adsorption equipment at room temperature and atmosphere pressure. The adsorptive selectivity for organic sulfur compounds was significantly increased when Na(+) ions in zeolite NaY were exchanged with lanthanum ions. IR spectra of thiophene adsorption indicate that thiophene is adsorbed onto La(3+) ions via direct S-La(3+) interaction and Na(+) ions via pi-electronic interaction for La(3+)-exchanged zeolite NaY, but only via pi-electronic interaction with Na(+) ions for NaY. The amount of adsorbed thiophene on La(3+)-exchanged zeolite Y was slightly decreased by coadsorption of benzene, but greatly reduced on NaY. The adsorption of thiophene via interaction with La(3+) on La(3+)-exchanged zeolite Y is hardly replaced by benzene coadsorption. The direct S-La(3+) interaction might be the essential reason for the evidently improved adsorptive selectivity of LaNaY for removing organic sulfur compounds from solutions containing large amount of aromatics.

The study of thiophene adsorption onto La(III)-exchanged zeolite NaY by FT-IR spectroscopy.

NaY &#x5206;&#x5B50;&#x7B5B;&#x548C; LaNaY &#xFF08;&#x4E0E;&#x6C34;&#x76F8;&#x9567;&#x785D;&#x9178;&#x6EB6;&#x6DB2;&#x7684;&#x79BB;&#x5B50;&#x4EA4;&#x6362;&#xFF09; &#x88AB;&#x7528;&#x4F5C;&#x5438;&#x9644;&#x5242;&#x6709;&#x673A;&#x786B;&#x5316;&#x5408;&#x7269;&#x53BB;&#x9664;&#x6A21;&#x578B;&#x6C7D;&#x6CB9;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x65B9;&#x6848; &#xFF08;&#x4E0D;&#x4E0E;&#x7528;&#x7532;&#x82EF;&#xFF09; &#x548C;&#x6D41;&#x4F53;&#x50AC;&#x5316;&#x88C2;&#x89E3;&#x7684;&#x6C7D;&#x6CB9;&#x4E2D;&#x5728;&#x5BA4;&#x6E29;&#x548C;&#x5E38;&#x538B;&#x56FA;&#x5B9A;&#x5E8A;&#x5438;&#x9644;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x3002;&#x5BF9;&#x6709;&#x673A;&#x786B;&#x5316;&#x5408;&#x7269;&#x7684;&#x5438;&#x9644;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x6027;&#x5927;&#x5927;&#x589E;&#x52A0;&#x65F6;&#x751A;&#x81F3; Na(+) &#x4E2D;&#x6CB8;&#x77F3;&#x7684;&#x79BB;&#x5B50;&#x4EA4;&#x6362;&#x4E86;&#x9567;&#x79BB;&#x5B50;&#x3002;&#x567B;&#x5429;&#x5438;&#x9644;&#x7684;&#x7EA2;&#x5916;&#x5149;&#x8C31;&#x8868;&#x660E;&#x8BE5;&#x567B;&#x5429;&#x5438;&#x9644; La(3+) &#x79BB;&#x5B50;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x76F4;&#x63A5; S-La(3+) &#x4EA4;&#x4E92;&#x53CA; Na(+) &#x79BB;&#x5B50;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; pi &#x7535;&#x5B50;&#x4E92;&#x52A8;&#x4E3A; La(3+) &#x6CB8;&#x77F3; NaY&#xFF0C;&#x4F46;&#x53EA;&#x80FD;&#x901A;&#x8FC7; NaY Na(+) &#x79BB;&#x5B50;&#x4E0E; pi &#x7535;&#x5B50;&#x4E92;&#x52A8;&#x3002;La(3+) &#x6CB8;&#x77F3; Y &#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x5438;&#x9644;&#x567B;&#x5429;&#x91CF;&#x7565;&#x6709;&#x4E0B;&#x8DCC;&#x7684;&#x82EF;&#xFF0C;coadsorption &#x4F46; nay &#x5927;&#x5927;&#x51CF;&#x5C11;&#x3002;&#x82EF; coadsorption &#x51E0;&#x4E4E;&#x53D6;&#x4EE3;&#x5438;&#x9644;&#x567B;&#x5429;&#x7684; La(3+) &#x4E0E; La(3+) &#x6CB8;&#x77F3; Y &#x4E0A;&#x7684;&#x4E92;&#x52A8;&#x3002;&#x76F4;&#x63A5; S-La(3+) &#x4E92;&#x52A8;&#x4ECE;&#x89E3;&#x51B3;&#x65B9;&#x6848;&#x4E2D;&#x5305;&#x542B;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x7684;&#x82B3;&#x70C3;&#x8131;&#x6709;&#x673A;&#x786B;&#x5316;&#x5408;&#x7269;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x660E;&#x663E;&#x6539;&#x5584;&#x5438;&#x9644;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x6027;&#x7684; LaNaY &#x7684;&#x6839;&#x672C;&#x539F;&#x56E0;&#x3002;

&#x7EA2;&#x5916;&#x5149;&#x8C31;&#x6CD5; La &#x4E09;&#x4EA4;&#x6362; NaY &#x5206;&#x5B50;&#x7B5B;&#x567B;&#x5429;&#x5438;&#x9644;&#x7684;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x3002;

Z&eacute;olites NaY et Rama (ion-&eacute;chang&eacute;es avec la solution de nitrate de lanthane aqueuse) ont &eacute;t&eacute; utilis&eacute;s comme adsorbants pour l&#39;&eacute;limination des compos&eacute;s organiques soufr&eacute;s dans des solutions d&#39;essence mod&egrave;le (sans et avec le tolu&egrave;ne) et fluide essence de craquage catalytique en mat&eacute;riel d&#39;adsorption lit fixe &agrave; temp&eacute;rature ambiante et pression atmosph&eacute;rique. La s&eacute;lectivit&eacute; adsorption des compos&eacute;s organiques soufr&eacute;s augmente significativement lorsque les ions Na en z&eacute;olite NaY ont &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;chang&eacute;es avec des ions de lanthane. Les spectres IR de l&#39;adsorption de thioph&egrave;ne indiquent que thioph&egrave;ne est adsorb&eacute; sur les ions La(3+) via une interaction directe S-La(3+) et na via interaction pi-&eacute;lectronique pour l&#39;&eacute;change La(3+) z&eacute;olite NaY, mais uniquement via une interaction pi-&eacute;lectronique avec des ions Na pour NaY. Le montant du thioph&egrave;ne adsorb&eacute; sur La(3+)-&eacute;chang&eacute; z&eacute;olite Y a &eacute;t&eacute; l&eacute;g&egrave;rement diminu&eacute; par coadsorption de benz&egrave;ne, mais fortement r&eacute;duit sur NaY. L&#39;adsorption du thioph&egrave;ne par interaction avec La(3+) sur La(3+)-&eacute;chang&eacute; z&eacute;olite Y est gu&egrave;re remplac&eacute;e par coadsorption de benz&egrave;ne. L&#39;interaction directe de S-La(3+) peut &ecirc;tre la raison essentielle de la s&eacute;lectivit&eacute; adsorbante &eacute;videmment am&eacute;lior&eacute;e de Rama pour &eacute;liminer les compos&eacute;s organiques soufr&eacute;s de solutions contenant de grande quantit&eacute; de compos&eacute;s aromatiques.

L&#39;&eacute;tude de l&#39;adsorption de thioph&egrave;ne sur La III-&eacute;chang&eacute; z&eacute;olite NaY par spectroscopie FT-IR.

Zeolithe NaY und LaNaY (Ion-austauschen mit w&auml;ssrigen LANTHANL&Ouml;SUNG Nitrat) dienten als Adsorbentien f&uuml;r organische Schwefelverbindungen aus Modell Benzin L&ouml;sungen (ohne und mit Toluol) und fl&uuml;ssigen katalytischen gekracht Benzin in fest-Bett Adsorption Ausr&uuml;stung bei Raumtemperatur und Druck der Atmosph&auml;re zu entfernen. Die ADSORBIERENDE Selektivit&auml;t f&uuml;r organische Schwefelverbindungen wurde stark erh&ouml;ht, wenn Na(+) Ionen in Zeolith NaY mit Lanthan-Ionen ausgetauscht wurden. IR-Spektren von Thiophen Adsorption anzugeben, dass diese Thiophen auf La(3+)-Ionen durch direkte S-La(3+)-Interaktion und Na(+) Ionen &uuml;ber Pi-elektronische Interaktion f&uuml;r La(3+)-ausgetauscht Zeolith NaY, sondern nur &uuml;ber Pi-elektronische Interaktion mit Na(+) Ionen f&uuml;r NaY adsorbiert wird. Die H&ouml;he der adsorbierten Thiophen auf La(3+)-ausgetauscht Zeolith Y war leicht zur&uuml;ckgegangen von Coadsorption von Benzol, aber stark reduziert auf NaY. Die Adsorption von Thiophen durch Interaktion mit La(3+) auf La(3+)-ausgetauscht Zeolith Y wird kaum durch Benzol-Coadsorption ersetzt. Der wesentliche Grund f&uuml;r die offensichtlich verbesserte ADSORBIERENDE Selektivit&auml;t der LaNaY m&ouml;glicherweise die direkte Interaktion mit S-La(3+) zum Entfernen von organischen Schwefelverbindungen aus L&ouml;sungen mit einer gro&szlig;en Menge von Aromaten.

Die Studie von Thiophen Adsorption auf La III ausgetauscht Zeolith NaY von FT-IR-Spektroskopie.

NaY zeoliti e LaNaY (scambiata ionico con soluzione di nitrato di lantanio acquosa) erano usati come adsorbente per la rimozione di composti solforati organici da soluzioni di benzina modello (senza e con toluene) e fluido benzina cracking catalitico nell&#39;apparecchiatura fissa-letto adsorbimento a temperatura e pressione ambiente. La selettivit&agrave; adsorbente per composti organici dello zolfo &egrave; stata aumentata significativamente quando gli ioni Na(+) in zeolite NaY furono scambiati con gli ioni di lantanio. Spettri IR di adsorbimento di tiofene indicano che tiofene viene adsorbito su La(3+) ioni tramite interazione diretta di S-La(3+) e Na(+) ioni tramite interazione pi-elettronica per La(3+)-scambiati zeolite NaY, ma solo tramite interazione pi-elettronica con Na(+) ioni per NaY. La quantit&agrave; di tiofene adsorbita su zeolite scambiati La(3+) Y era leggermente diminuita da enfatizzato di benzene, ma notevolmente ridotto su NaY. L&#39;adsorbimento di tiofene tramite interazione con La(3+) su La(3+)-scambiati zeolite Y &egrave; appena sostituito da enfatizzato benzene. L&#39;interazione diretta di S-La(3+) potrebbe essere la ragione essenziale per la selettivit&agrave; di assorbimento evidentemente migliorata di LaNaY per la rimozione di composti solforati organici da soluzioni contenenti grandi quantit&agrave; di composti aromatici.

Lo studio dell&#39;adsorbimento di tiofene sul scambiati III La zeolite NaY mediante spettroscopia FT-IR.

&#x30BC;&#x30AA;&#x30E9;&#x30A4;&#x30C8;&#x3044;&#x3084;&#x304A;&#x3088;&#x3073;&#x6C34;&#x6EB6;&#x6DB2;&#x30E9;&#x30F3;&#x30BF;&#x30F3;&#x785D;&#x9178;&#x6EB6;&#x6DB2;&#x3092; &#xFF08;&#x30A4;&#x30AA;&#x30F3;&#x4EA4;&#x63DB;) LaNaY &#x5438;&#x7740;&#x5264;&#x3068;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x30E2;&#x30C7;&#x30EB; &#x30AC;&#x30BD;&#x30EA;&#x30F3; &#x30BD;&#x30EA;&#x30E5;&#x30FC;&#x30B7;&#x30E7;&#x30F3; &#xFF08;&#x306A;&#x3057;&#x3068;&#x30C8;&#x30EB;&#x30A8;&#x30F3;&#xFF09; &#x3068;&#x6D41;&#x4F53;&#x306E;&#x89E6;&#x5A92;&#x5272;&#x3089;&#x308C;&#x305F;&#x30AC;&#x30BD;&#x30EA;&#x30F3;&#x3067;&#x90E8;&#x5C4B;&#x306E;&#x6E29;&#x5EA6;&#x3068;&#x5927;&#x6C17;&#x5727;&#x56FA;&#x5B9A;&#x5E8A;&#x5438;&#x7740;&#x88C5;&#x7F6E;&#x304B;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x6709;&#x6A5F;&#x786B;&#x9EC4;&#x5316;&#x5408;&#x7269;&#x3092;&#x9664;&#x53BB;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306B;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;Na(+) &#x30A4;&#x30AA;&#x30F3;&#x306E;&#x30BC;&#x30AA;&#x30E9;&#x30A4;&#x30C8;&#x3044;&#x3084;&#x30E9;&#x30F3;&#x30BF;&#x30F3; &#x30A4;&#x30AA;&#x30F3;&#x4EA4;&#x63DB;&#x6642;&#x306E;&#x6709;&#x6A5F;&#x786B;&#x9EC4;&#x5316;&#x5408;&#x7269;&#x306E;&#x5438;&#x7740;&#x9078;&#x629E;&#x6027;&#x304C;&#x6709;&#x610F;&#x306B;&#x5897;&#x52A0;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;&#x30C1;&#x30AA;&#x30D5;&#x30A7;&#x30F3;&#x5438;&#x7740;&#x306E;&#x8D64;&#x5916;&#x30B9;&#x30DA;&#x30AF;&#x30C8;&#x30EB;&#x305D;&#x306E;&#x30C1;&#x30AA;&#x30D5;&#x30A7;&#x30F3; S-La(3+) &#x306E;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x306E;&#x76F8;&#x4E92;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x3092;&#x4ECB;&#x3057;&#x3066; La(3+) &#x30A4;&#x30AA;&#x30F3;&#x3068; Na(+) &#x30A4;&#x30AA;&#x30F3;&#x306E; La(3+) &#x4EA4;&#x63DB;&#x30BC;&#x30AA;&#x30E9;&#x30A4;&#x30C8;&#x3044;&#x3084;&#xFF0C; &pi; &#x96FB;&#x5B50;&#x76F8;&#x4E92;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x3092;&#x4ECB;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x304C;&#x3044;&#x3084;&#x306E; Na(+) &#x30A4;&#x30AA;&#x30F3;&#x3068; pi &#x96FB;&#x5B50;&#x306E;&#x76F8;&#x4E92;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x3092;&#x4ECB;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x306E;&#x307F;&#x306B;&#x5438;&#x7740;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x308B;&#x3092;&#x793A;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;La(3+) &#x4EA4;&#x63DB;&#x30BC;&#x30AA;&#x30E9;&#x30A4;&#x30C8; Y &#x4E0A;&#x5438;&#x7740;&#x30C1;&#x30AA;&#x30D5;&#x30A7;&#x30F3;&#x306E;&#x91CF;&#x3060;&#x3063;&#x305F;&#x30D9;&#x30F3;&#x30BC;&#x30F3;&#x306E;&#x5171;&#x5438;&#x7740;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x306F;&#x3084;&#x3084;&#x6E1B;&#x5C11;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x304C;&#x3001;&#x3044;&#x3084;&#x4E0A;&#x3092;&#x5927;&#x5E45;&#x306B;&#x524A;&#x6E1B;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x30C1;&#x30AA;&#x30D5;&#x30A7;&#x30F3; La(3+) &#x4EA4;&#x63DB;&#x30BC;&#x30AA;&#x30E9;&#x30A4;&#x30C8; Y &#x306E; La(3+) &#x3068;&#x306E;&#x76F8;&#x4E92;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x3092;&#x4ECB;&#x3057;&#x3066;&#x306E;&#x5438;&#x7740;&#x307B;&#x3068;&#x3093;&#x3069;&#x30D9;&#x30F3;&#x30BC;&#x30F3;&#x5171;&#x5438;&#x7740;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x7F6E;&#x304D;&#x63DB;&#x3048;&#x3089;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;S-La(3+) &#x306E;&#x76F4;&#x63A5;&#x306E;&#x3084;&#x308A;&#x53D6;&#x308A;&#x660E;&#x3089;&#x304B;&#x306B;&#x6539;&#x826F;&#x306E;&#x5438;&#x7740;&#x9078;&#x629E;&#x6027; LaNaY &#x306E;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306E;&#x91CD;&#x8981;&#x306A;&#x7406;&#x7531;&#x306F;&#x3001;&#x5927;&#x91CF;&#x306E;&#x82B3;&#x9999;&#x65CF;&#x5316;&#x5408;&#x7269;&#x3092;&#x542B;&#x3080;&#x6EB6;&#x6DB2;&#x304B;&#x3089;&#x306E;&#x6709;&#x6A5F;&#x786B;&#x9EC4;&#x5316;&#x5408;&#x7269;&#x3092;&#x9664;&#x53BB;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x304B;&#x3082;&#x3057;&#x308C;&#x306A;&#x3044;&#x3002;

&#x30C1;&#x30AA;&#x30D5;&#x30A7;&#x30F3; &#x30E9; III &#x4EA4;&#x63DB;&#x30BC;&#x30AA;&#x30E9;&#x30A4;&#x30C8;&#x3044;&#x3084; FT-IR &#x5206;&#x5149;&#x6CD5;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x308B;&#x5438;&#x7740;&#x306E;&#x7814;&#x7A76;&#x3002;

&#xB958; &#xB124;&#xC640; LaNaY (&#xC774;&#xC628; &#xAD50;&#xD658; &#xC218;&#xC131; &#xB780;&#xD0C0;&#xB118; &#xC9C8;&#xC0B0;&#xC5FC; &#xC194;&#xB8E8;&#xC158;) &#xBAA8;&#xB378; &#xAC00;&#xC194;&#xB9B0; &#xC194;&#xB8E8;&#xC158; (&#xC5C6;&#xC774; &#xBC0F; &#xD1A8;&#xB8E8;&#xC5D4;)&#xC640; &#xC2E4;&#xB0B4; &#xC628;&#xB3C4; &#xB300;&#xAE30; &#xC555;&#xB825;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xACE0;&#xC815; &#xCE68;&#xB300; &#xD761;&#xCC29; &#xC7A5;&#xBE44;&#xC5D0; &#xC561;&#xCCB4; &#xCD09;&#xB9E4; &#xAE08;&#xC774; &#xAC00;&#xC194;&#xB9B0;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC720;&#xAE30; &#xD669; &#xD654;&#xD569;&#xBB3C; &#xC81C;&#xAC70;&#xB97C; &#xC704;&#xD55C; adsorbents&#xB85C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xB418;&#xC5C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC720;&#xAE30; &#xC720;&#xD669; &#xD654;&#xD569;&#xBB3C;&#xC758; &#xD761;&#xCC29; &#xC120;&#xD0DD;&#xB3C4; &#xB124;&#xC774; &#xBE44; &#xC11D;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; Na(+) &#xC774;&#xC628; &#xB780;&#xD0C0;&#xB118; &#xC774;&#xC628;&#xACFC; &#xAD50;&#xD658; &#xD558;&#xB294; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xC5D0; &#xD06C;&#xAC8C; &#xC99D;&#xAC00; &#xD588;&#xB2E4;. Thiophene &#xD761;&#xCC29;&#xC758; IR &#xC2A4;&#xD399;&#xD2B8;&#xB7FC;&#xC744; thiophene S-la(3+)&#xC758; &#xC9C1;&#xC811;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xC0C1;&#xD638; &#xC791;&#xC6A9;&#xC744; &#xD1B5;&#xD574; &#xC774;&#xC628; la(3+)&#xC640; Na(+) &#xC774;&#xC628; La(3+) &#xAD50;&#xD658; &#xBE44; &#xC11D; &#xC5C6;&#xC73C;&#xBA70;&#xC5D0; &#xB300; &#xD55C; pi &#xC804;&#xC790; &#xC0C1;&#xD638; &#xC791;&#xC6A9;&#xC744; &#xD1B5;&#xD574;&#xB9CC; &#xB098;&#xC774; &#xB300; &#xD55C; pi &#xC804;&#xC790; &#xC0C1;&#xD638; Na(+) &#xC774;&#xC628;&#xC744; &#xD1B5;&#xD574;&#xC11C;&#xB9CC; adsorbed&#xC744; &#xB098;&#xD0C0;&#xB0C5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. La(3+) &#xAD50;&#xD658; &#xBE44; &#xC11D; Y&#xC5D0; &#xD761;&#xCC29;&#xB41C; thiophene &#xC591;&#xC758; &#xBCA4;&#xC820;, coadsorption&#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574; &#xC57D;&#xAC04; &#xAC10;&#xC18C; &#xD588;&#xC9C0;&#xB9CC; &#xB124;&#xC5D0; &#xD06C;&#xAC8C; &#xAC10;&#xC18C;. La(3+) &#xAD50;&#xD658; &#xBE44; &#xC11D; Y&#xC5D0; la(3+)&#xC640;&#xC758; &#xC0C1;&#xD638; &#xC791;&#xC6A9;&#xC744; &#xD1B5;&#xD574; thiophene &#xD761;&#xCC29; &#xAC70;&#xC758; &#xBCA4;&#xC820; coadsorption&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xBC14;&#xB01D;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC9C1;&#xC811; S-La(3+) &#xC0C1;&#xD638; &#xBC29;&#xD5A5;&#xC871; &#xB9CE;&#xC740; &#xC591;&#xC758; &#xD3EC;&#xD568; &#xB41C; &#xC194;&#xB8E8;&#xC158;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xC720;&#xAE30; &#xD669; &#xD654;&#xD569;&#xBB3C; &#xC81C;&#xAC70;&#xB97C; &#xC704;&#xD55C; LaNaY &#xBD84;&#xBA85;&#xD788; &#xD5A5;&#xC0C1; &#xB41C; &#xD761;&#xCC29; &#xC120;&#xD0DD;&#xB3C4; &#xB300; &#xD55C; &#xD544;&#xC218;&#xC801;&#xC778; &#xC774;&#xC720; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

FT-&#xC801;&#xC678;&#xC120; &#xBD84;&#xAD11;&#xD559;&#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574; &#xB77C; III &#xAD50;&#xD658; &#xBE44; &#xB124;&#xC5D0; thiophene &#xD761;&#xCC29;&#xC758; &#xC5F0;&#xAD6C;.

Zeolitas NaY y LaNaY (ion-intercambiadas con soluci&oacute;n de nitrato de lantano acuosa) fueron utilizados como adsorbentes para la eliminaci&oacute;n de compuestos org&aacute;nicos de azufre de soluciones de gasolina modelo (sin y con tolueno) y gasolina agrietada catal&iacute;tica fluida en el equipo de adsorci&oacute;n de lecho fijo a temperatura ambiente y presi&oacute;n de la atm&oacute;sfera. La adsorci&oacute;n selectividad para compuestos org&aacute;nicos de azufre aument&oacute; significativamente cuando los iones de na en la zeolita fueron intercambiados con iones de lantano. Espectros IR de adsorci&oacute;n de tiofeno indican que tiofeno es adsorbido en iones de La(3+) trav&eacute;s de la interacci&oacute;n directa de S-La(3+) y los iones de na v&iacute;a la interacci&oacute;n pi-electr&oacute;nica para La(3+)-intercambiaron zeolita NaY, pero s&oacute;lo a trav&eacute;s de interacci&oacute;n electr&oacute;nica pi con iones de na para NaY. La cantidad de tiofeno adsorbido en La(3+)-intercambiaron zeolita Y era ligeramente disminuida por coadsorption de benceno, pero reduce en NaY. La adsorci&oacute;n de tiofeno mediante interacci&oacute;n con La(3+) en La(3+)-intercambiaron zeolita Y apenas se sustituye por coadsorption de benceno. La interacci&oacute;n directa de S-La(3+) podr&iacute;a ser el motivo fundamental para la selectividad adsorbente evidentemente mejorada de LaNaY para eliminar compuestos org&aacute;nicos de azufre de las soluciones que contienen gran cantidad de compuestos arom&aacute;ticos.

El estudio de la adsorci&oacute;n de tiofeno en La III-intercambiaron zeolita NaY por espectroscopia FT-IR.

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects that different methods for the preparation of modern plant samples have on the resulting phytoliths using rice husks (Oryza sp.). The methods that are commonly used in phytolith extraction include (1) dry ashing, (2) acid extraction (3) a combination of both techniques. The results showed that processing methods have an impact on the morphology of two subspecies of rice phytoliths, dry ashing producing more conjoined cell phytoliths or multicells phytoliths than acid extraction. Using a combination of both methods resulted in the presence of fewer conjoined cells than dry ashing alone, but more conjoined cells than acid extraction. Alternative explanations are proposed to explain the formation of conjoined phytolith cells.

Comparing dry ashing and wet oxidation methods. The case of the rice husk (Oryza sativa L.).

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that leads to gradual loss of cognitive and functional abilities, and development of behavioral disturbances. Previous studies using Aβ(1-40) microinjection in animal models focused on cognitive deficits in spatial learning and avoidance conditioning. However, no attempt has been made to determine the sensitivity of an Aβ(1-40)-manipulated animal model in tasks involving reward-directed instrumental learning (RDIL). Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of intra hippocampal microinjection of Aβ(1-40) on the acquisition and maintenance of a basic instrumental response (lever-pressing), then on the goal directed (higher response ratio) and habit (visual signal discrimination and extinction) learning, as well as on neurotransmitter changes which could potentially alter the regulatory processes involved in instrumental learning. Our present findings demonstrated that the focal hippocampal microinjection of Aβ(1-40) rendered rats unable to process new cue/contextual information in the formation of causal relation, rather than affecting the operant action itself. Although the injected Aβ(1-40) did not directly influence performance, it did prevent the information from being translated into action. Moreover, the neurotransmitter results indicated that multiple neural signaling might be involved in the regulation of RDIL in the Aβ(1-40) injection model. In conclusion, results suggested that our series of instrumental learning tasks may have potential in dementia research as a novel method for testing cognitive behavior.

Evaluation of an Aβ(1-40)-induced cognitive deficit in rat using a reward-directed instrumental learning task.

A rapid and simple immunochromatography strip (ICS) test for the specific detection of vesicular stomatitis virus serotype Indiana (VSV-IND) using two distinct monoclonal antibodies MAbs (1A2 and 4C3) against the G protein of VSV-IND was developed. The MAb 1A2 was conjugated with colloidal gold, and the MAb 4C3 and goat anti-mouse IgG were sprayed onto a nitrocellulose membrane in strips at positions designated T and C, respectively. The results showed that samples of VSV-IND combined with CG-MAb 1A2, and that these complexes were captured by MAb 4C3 at the test line (T), resulting in the appearance of a purple band. When samples did not contain VSV-IND or when they contained a quantity of VSV-IND below the detection limit of the test, only the control line (C) was visible. The analysis of the sensitivity of the test demonstrated that the lowest detected quantity of VSV-IND was 1.85×10(3.0)TCID50/ml. Storage of the ICS test at room temperature for 6 months or at 4°C for 12 months did not change their sensitivity and specificity. In clinical trials using RT-PCR as a reference test, the relative specificity and sensitivity of the ICS were determined to be 98.9% and 91.4%, respectively. Based on these results, the ICS test developed may be a suitable tool for rapid on-site testing for VSV-IND infection.

Development of a convenient immunochromatographic strip for the diagnosis of vesicular stomatitis virus serotype Indiana infections.

Scopolamine, a nonselective muscarinic receptor antagonist, has been used in experimental animal models of dementia. It has been demonstrated to disrupt performances in a battery of behavioral tests. However, no attempt has been made to determine how scopolamine-treated animals would respond to a series of reward-directed instrumental learning (RDIL) tasks.

Chronic scopolamine-injection-induced cognitive deficit on reward-directed instrumental learning in rat is associated with CREB signaling activity in the cerebral cortex and dorsal hippocampus.

Tong Luo Jiu Nao (TLJN), a modern formula of Chinese medicine extracts on the basis of Traditional Chinese Medicine theory, has been used to treat dementia. The present study aimed to investigate its ameliorating effects on Aβ1-40-induced cognitive impairment in rats using a series of novel reward-directed instrumental learning (RDIL) tasks, and to determine its possible mechanism of action.

Tong Luo Jiu Nao ameliorates Aβ1-40-induced cognitive impairment on adaptive behavior learning by modulating ERK/CaMKII/CREB signaling in the hippocampus.

Kai Xin San (KXS), a traditional formula of Chinese medicine, has been used to treat dementia.

Kai Xin San aqueous extract improves Aβ1-40-induced cognitive deficits on adaptive behavior learning by enhancing memory-related molecules expression in the hippocampus.

Xiuping Sun

School of Biological Sciences

Nanyang Technological University

Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass

Xiuping Sun

.css-o250i3{font-size:18px;font-family:Open Sans,sans-serif;line-height:21.6px;}School of Biological Sciences

Nanyang Technological University

Quantitative Localization of a Golgi Protein by Imaging Its Center of Fluorescence Mass

School of Biological Sciences