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Method Article
De novo Lipogenese und β-Oxidation von Fettsäuren bilden Schlüsselstoffwechselwege in Hepatozyten, Wege, die in mehreren Stoffwechselstörungen, einschließlich Fettleber gestört werden. Hier zeigen wir Isolierung von Maus primären Hepatozyten und zu beschreiben, die Quantifizierung der β-Oxidation von Fettsäuren und Lipogenese.
Lipid metabolism in liver is complex. In addition to importing and exporting lipid via lipoproteins, hepatocytes can oxidize lipid via fatty acid oxidation, or alternatively, synthesize new lipid via de novo lipogenesis. The net sum of these pathways is dictated by a number of factors, which in certain disease states leads to fatty liver disease. Excess hepatic lipid accumulation is associated with whole body insulin resistance and coronary heart disease. Tools to study lipid metabolism in hepatocytes are useful to understand the role of hepatic lipid metabolism in certain metabolic disorders.
In the liver, hepatocytes regulate the breakdown and synthesis of fatty acids via β-fatty oxidation and de novo lipogenesis, respectively. Quantifying metabolism in these pathways provides insight into hepatic lipid handling. Unlike in vitro quantification, using primary hepatocytes, making measurements in vivo is technically challenging and resource intensive. Hence, quantifying β-fatty acid oxidation and de novo lipogenesis in cultured mouse hepatocytes provides a straight forward method to assess hepatocyte lipid handling.
Here we describe a method for the isolation of primary mouse hepatocytes, and we demonstrate quantification of β-fatty acid oxidation and de novo lipogenesis, using radiolabeled substrates.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the leading causes of liver disease in Westernized cultures1,2. Lipid accumulation within the liver is associated with cell death, fibrosis, and liver failure via yet unknown mechanisms3-6. In fatty liver disease, hepatocyte-mediated β-fatty acid oxidation and de novo lipogenesis are important determinants of net lipid accumulation7,8. This article will, therefore, focus on hepatocyte isolation, followed by quantification of β-fatty acid oxidation and de novo lipogenesis.
Numerous methodologies have been developed to interrogate hepatocyte lipid metabolism. Though it is possible to measure metabolism of fat in vivo using stable isotopes9,10, these methods are costly, and require large numbers of animals. Additionally, the ability to investigate the effect of exogenous chemicals is limited due to the nature of in vivo experimentation. In contrast, the isolation of primary hepatocytes from mouse liver provides an affordable avenue to pursue11. Furthermore, studying hepatocytes in culture allows investigators to study the effects of varying chemicals on lipid processing while circumventing the difficulties of in vivo experimentation. Finally, isolated hepatocytes avoid any confounding from varying genetics since they are derived from the liver of a single animal.
Here we isolate and culture of hepatocytes, and we measure β-fatty acid oxidation and de novo lipogenesis, using radiolabeled palmitate. The protocol detailed below is straight forward, effective, and reproducible.
Alle Tierversuche sollten in Übereinstimmung mit den örtlichen und nationalen Vorschriften und mit der Zustimmung eines institutionellen IACUC und Strahlungssicherheit Verwaltung durchgeführt werden.
1. Vorbereitung
2. Isolierung von Primär Maushepatozyten
3. Fettsäure-Oxidationsassay
Warnung: Verwenden von Radioaktivität kann gefährlich sein. Alle Einkauf, Lagerung, Handhabung, und diEntsorgungsbetrieb von radioaktivem Material sollte in Übereinstimmung mit den institutionellen, staatlichen und bundesstaatlichen Vorschriften und Richtlinien ausgeführt werden.
4. Lipogenese-Assay
Hepatozyten-Isolierungen führen in der Regel in 1-3 x 10 7 Zellen insgesamt. Nach Inkubation über Nacht werden die Zellen hexagonal, von denen viele binukleären werden (Figur 2) angezeigt werden. Gesunde Zellen sollten frei von Granulationen oder Blasen, was auf Zelltod sein.
Im allgemeinen wird die Oxidation von Fettsäuren Assays in drei bis vier Wiederholungen pro Testverbindung ausgeführt. Zählungen für die CO 2 Proben sind etwa ein Fünftel d...
Die Zeit vom Opfer Perfusion sollte weniger als 3 min für ideale Perfusion und Kollagenaseverdau der Leber. Sobald Perfusion mit Perfusionsmedium eingeleitet wird, sollte die Leber sofort Aussehen von rot bis hell ändern. Nach ca. 10 min Inkubation mit LDM, wird die Leber geschwollen und rosa angezeigt. Im Falle, dass die Perfusion unzureichend ist, kann die Leber nicht zeigen diese Änderungen, und dies wird in der Regel in einem unteren Hepatozyten Ausbeute führen.
Nach den Waschschritt...
The authors indicate they have no conflicts of interest.
We would like to acknowledge Susan Gray and Umadevi Chalasani for their help with technical aspects of the hepatocyte isolation protocol. This work was supported by NIDDK grant 5R01DK089185 (to M.P. Cooper) and the DERC Pilot and Feasibility Program at UMMS (to M.P. Cooper).
Name | Company | Catalog Number | Comments |
Liver Perfusion Medium | Life Technologies | 17701038 | |
Liver Digest Medium | Life Technologies | 17703034 | Aliquot and store at -20 °C |
PBS | Corning | 21-040-CV | |
10X DPBS | Corning | 46-013-CM | |
DMEM | Corning | 10-017-CV | |
FBS | Life Technologies | 26140079 | |
Collagen | Life Technologies | A1048301 | |
Colloidal silica coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone | GE Life Sciences | 17-0891-01 | |
Sodium Pyruvate | Cellgro | 25-000-CI | |
Penicillin / Streptomycin | Cellgro | 30-001-CI | |
Insulin | Sigma | I0516-5ML | |
Dexamethasone | Sigma | D2915-100MG | |
Albumin (BSA), Fraction V | MP Biomedicals | 103703 | |
24-Well Culture Dish | Corning Falcon | 353047 | |
Tygon S3 Tubing | Cole Parmer | 06460-34 | |
Male Leur Lock to 200 Barb Connectors | Cole Parmer | 45518-00 | |
24 G x 3/4" Catheter | SurFlo | SROX2419CA | |
Perma-Hand Silk Suture | Ethicon | 683G | |
Cell Strainer | Corning Falcon | 08-771-2 | |
IsoTemp 3013HD Recirculating Water Bath | Fisher | 13-874-3 | |
MasterFlex C/L Peristaltic Pump | MasterFlex | HV-77122-24 | |
Microclamp | Roboz | RS-7438 | Pre-sterilize in autoclave |
5” Straight, Blunt-Blunt Operating Scissors | Roboz | RS-6810 | Pre-sterilize in autoclave |
24 mm Blade Straight, Sharp-point Microdissecting Scissors | Roboz | RS-5912 | Pre-sterilize in autoclave |
4” 0.8 mm Tip Microdissecting Forceps | Roboz | RS-5130 | Pre-sterilize in autoclave |
4” 0.8 mm Tip Full Curve Microdissecting Forceps | Roboz | RS-5137 | Pre-sterilize in autoclave |
60 ml Syringe | Becton Dickinson | 309653 | |
50 ml conical tubes | Corning Falcon | 352070 | |
BCA Protein Assay | Thermo Scientific | 23225 | |
Biosafety Cabinet | |||
CO2 Incubator | |||
Serological pipets | |||
1,000, 200, 20 μl pipet and tips |
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