Treatment approaches for psychological disorders fall into three main categories: psychological, biological, and sociocultural. Each approach targets different aspects of mental health, requiring varying levels of education and training.

Psychological therapies focus on modifying emotions, thoughts, and behaviors through talking, interpreting, listening, rewarding, challenging, and modeling. Clinical psychologists, counselors, and social workers commonly practice psychotherapy. Clinical psychologists typically hold a Ph.D. or Psy.D., which involves years of graduate education, supervised clinical practice, and a clinical internship. Licensing and certification are two processes through which society regulates psychotherapy practitioners. Specific laws govern the requirements for obtaining a license or certification, ensuring that professionals meet specific educational and training standards. These regulations outline the necessary qualifications and mandate formal examinations to assess the practitioner's skills and competency before allowing them to practice.

Biological therapies, or biomedical therapies, aim to treat psychological disorders by altering physical body functions, often through medications. This approach views mental health disorders similarly to physical diseases, requiring medical intervention. Practitioners of biological therapies are generally medical doctors (MDs), with psychiatrists specializing in this field. Psychiatrists undergo medical school, residency, and specialized training in psychiatry. While both psychologists and psychiatrists can administer psychotherapy, only psychiatrists can prescribe medication. If medication is necessary, a psychotherapist may refer clients to a psychiatrist for prescriptions.

Sociocultural therapies emphasize the impact of social and cultural factors on mental health. This approach considers the individual's relationships, societal roles, and cultural influences in developing and treating psychological issues. Practitioners include psychotherapists, social workers, and psychiatric social workers, who are trained to intervene in the context of these social systems. Social workers typically hold a master's degree in social work (MSW), and psychiatric social workers receive additional training in mental health. Paraprofessionals, individuals without formal mental health qualifications but trained by professionals, can also assist, often bringing personal experience with specific disorders.