Die Autoren danken Dr. Lee Khai Pin, Kopf & Senior Consultant, Notfall, KK Frauen und Kinder Krankenhaus, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapur für die administrative Unterstützung bei der Produktion von video-Artikel. Artikel reproduziert mit freundlicher Genehmigung von "Handheld Metall Detektor für metallische ausländische Körper Einnahme in Pädiatrische Notfall"; August 2018:85 (8): 618-624; Hazwani Binte Hamzah, Vigil James, Suraj Manickam, Sashikumar Ganapathy: copyright The Indian Journal of Pediatrics.

Das Protokoll folgt den Richtlinien des institutionellen menschliche Forschung Ethikkommission. Das zentrale institutionelle Review Board hat die Ethik Zustimmung erteilt für das Studium.
1. Teilnehmer Screening
<ol><li>Rekrutieren Sie Patienten, die in der pädiatrischen Notaufnahme mit Geschichte der Fremdkörper Verschlucken zu präsentieren.</li>
	<li>Schließen Sie die Patienten, die in Atemnot und hat Geräte wie Herzschrittmacher implantiert.</li>
</ol>2. Vorbereitung des Patienten
<ol><li>Der Patient in einem krankenhauskleid Kleid.</li>
	<li>Entfernen Sie alle Elemente, die metallische Gegenstände wie Kleidung, Brillen, Ohrringe, Anhänger und Ornamente vor der Untersuchung zur Vermeidung von Interferenzen mit dem HHMD Screening enthalten können.</li>
	<li>Legen Sie den Patienten in der Mitte des Raumes von anderen potenziellen metallischen Interferenzen.</li>
</ol>3. bereiten Sie die Prüfer und Betreuer
<ol><li>Entfernen Sie alle metallischen Accessoires wie Schmuck und Uhren.</li>
	<li>Fordern Sie die Pflegeperson, alle metallischen Accessoires wie Schmuck und Uhren zu entfernen.</li>
</ol>(4) Metall-Detektor-Screening
<ol><li>Verwenden Sie die HHMD (Abbildung 1), das Screening durchzuführen.</li>
	<li>Bestätigen Sie den Arbeitsstatus der HHMD durch ein positives Audio-visuellen Signal durch winken über ein Stück Metall zu entlocken.</li>
	<li>Führen Sie die HHMD Scannen in eine stehende Position für größere Kinder.</li>
	<li>Führen Sie die HHMD Scannen in einer aufrechten Position für Säuglinge mit der Bezugsperson halten die Patienten angemessen.</li>
	<li>Halten Sie die Hände des Patienten, und vom Körper weg.</li>
	<li>Positionieren Sie den Kopf des Patienten auf den Hals zu entlarven.</li>
	<li>Scannen von der Ebene des Kinns auf die Ebene des Hüftgelenks anatomischen Bereich vom Hals bis Becken abdecken.</li>
	<li>Führen Sie den Scan Zick-Zack über den Körper, um sicherzustellen, dass jeder Bereich gescannt wurde.</li>
	<li>Scannen Sie beide vorn und nach hinten wie die Dicke des Patienten berücksichtigt werden muss.</li>
	<li>Beachten Sie sorgfältig das positive audiovisuelle Signal beim Scannen auf das Vorhandensein von MFBs.</li>
</ol>5. führen Sie die entsprechenden Röntgenaufnahme
<ol><li>Bestellen Sie der entsprechenden Röntgenaufnahme der Hals, Brust oder Bauch, nach der Gegend von HHMD Screening für die MFBs erkannt.</li>
	<li>Fahren Sie mit den x-ray-Ansichten (Hals, Brust und Bauch), wenn die MFB bei HHMD Screening und klinische Index des Misstrauens nicht erkannt wurde, für Fremdkörper Verschlucken hoch.</li>
</ol>6. zeichnen Sie die Testergebnisse
<ol><li>Rekord der Testergebnisse im Logbuch (Abbildung 2) speziell anhand der Workflow (Abbildung 1).</li>
	<li>Korrelieren Sie das positive Signal für audiovisuelle HHMD mit dem zugrunde liegenden knöchernen Wahrzeichen auf den Körper, durch Abtasten der folgenden prominenten knöchernen Wahrzeichen - sternalen Kerbe, so Schambeinfuge und bilateralen Beckenkamm.</li>
	<li>Notieren Sie das Wahrzeichen auf dem Logbuch anatomische Referenz Umriss bevor Sie mit der Röntgenuntersuchung.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
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H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tracheoesophageal+fistula+with+tracheal+stenosis+resulting+from+retained+esophageal+foreign+body.">Tracheoesophageal fistula with tracheal stenosis resulting from retained esophageal foreign body.</a> Auris Nasus Larynx. 38 (6), 753-756 (2011).</li><li>Dahiya, M., Denton, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Esophagoaortic+perforation+by+foreign+body+(coin)+causing+sudden+death+in+a+3-year-old+child.">Esophagoaortic perforation by foreign body (coin) causing sudden death in a 3-year-old child.</a> The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 20 (2), 184-188 (1999).</li><li>O'Brien, G. C., Winter, D. C., Kirwan, W. O., Redmond, H. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ingested+foreign+bodies+in+the+paediatric+patient.">Ingested foreign bodies in the paediatric patient.</a> Irish Journal of Medical Science. 170 (2), 100-102 (2001).</li><li>Bassett, K. E., Schunk, J. E., Logan, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Localizing+ingested+coins+with+a+metal+detector.">Localizing ingested coins with a metal detector.</a> The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 17 (4), 338-341 (1999).</li><li>Gooden, E. A., Forte, V., Papsin, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+a+commercially+available+metal+detector+for+the+localization+of+metallic+foreign+body+ingestion+in+children.">Use of a commercially available metal detector for the localization of metallic foreign body ingestion in children.</a> The Journal of Otolaryngology. 29 (4), 218-220 (2000).</li><li>Sacchetti, A., Carraccio, C., Lichenstein, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hand-held+metal+detector+identification+of+ingested+foreign+bodies.">Hand-held metal detector identification of ingested foreign bodies.</a> Pediatric Emergency Care. 10 (4), 204-207 (1994).</li><li>Hamzah, H. B., James, V., Manickam, S., Ganapathy, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handheld+Metal+Detector+for+Metallic+Foreign+Body+Ingestion+in+Pediatric+Emergency.">Handheld Metal Detector for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Pediatric Emergency.</a> Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 85 (8), 618-624 (2018).</li><li>Doraiswamy, N. V., Baig, H., Hallam, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metal+detector+and+swallowed+metal+foreign+bodies+in+children.">Metal detector and swallowed metal foreign bodies in children.</a> Journal of Accident &amp; Emergency Medicine. 16 (2), 123-125 (1999).</li><li>Seikel, K., Primm, P. A., Elizondo, B. J., Remley, K. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handheld+metal+detector+localization+of+ingested+metallic+foreign+bodies:+accurate+in+any+hands.">Handheld metal detector localization of ingested metallic foreign bodies: accurate in any hands.</a> Archives of Pediatrics &amp; Adolescent Medicine. 153 (8), 853-857 (1999).</li><li>Lemberg, P. S., Darrow, D. H., Holinger, L. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aerodigestive+tract+foreign+bodies+in+the+older+child+and+adolescent.">Aerodigestive tract foreign bodies in the older child and adolescent.</a> The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology. 105 (4), 267-271 (1996).</li><li>Stack, L. B., Munter, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Foreign+bodies+in+the+gastrointestinal+tract.">Foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract.</a> Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. 14 (3), 493-521 (1996).</li><li>Saz, E. U., Arikan, C., Ozgen&#231;, F., Duyu, M., Ozananar, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+utility+of+handheld+metal+detector+in+confirming+metallic+foreign+body+ingestion+in+the+pediatric+emergency+department.">The utility of handheld metal detector in confirming metallic foreign body ingestion in the pediatric emergency department.</a> The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology: The Official Journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology. 21 (2), 135-139 (2010).</li></ol>

Die Autoren haben nichts preisgeben.

Metallische verwaltet ausländische Körper Einnahme bei Kindern ist ein häufiges Problem und in der Mehrzahl der Patienten ist dies konservativ7,16. Einzelne oder wiederholte Röntgenaufnahmen können die Radio-Sensitive pädiatrischen Population unerwünschte Strahlung Gefahr beim Versuch, den aufgenommenen metallische Fremdkörper lokalisieren aussetzen. Mehrere Studien haben den Einsatz von Metalldetektoren im MFB Einnahme bei Kindern, mehr als 96 % Sensitiv...

Fremdkörper Verschlucken ist ein weit verbreitetes Problem unter den Kindern präsentiert die pädiatrische Notaufnahme wegen der natürlichen neugierigen Natur von Säuglingen und Kindern Objekte erforschen durch Verkostung und schlucken sie1,2. Frühere Studien haben berichtet, dass Metallgegenstände 85 % der alle Fremdkörper-Ingestionen in ihre Kohorte von Patienten3,4konstituiert. Das Ziel dieses Protokolls ist zur Beurteilung der Genauigkeit und Machbarkeit mit einem handheld metallortungsgerät aufgenommenen metallische Fremdkörper bei Kindern zu erkennen. Wir schlagen vor, dass durch die Einführung des handheld Metalldetektors screening Protokoll früh in der Triage-Prozess von Kindern mit Verdacht auf metallische Fremdkörper Verschlucken, die Anzahl der Röntgenbilder bestellt, den metallische Fremdkörper zu lokalisieren sein kann in dieser Radio-Sensitive-Population reduziert.
Handheld-Metalldetektor (HHMD) ist kostengünstig, leicht zugängliche Ergänzung, die helfen können die Verwaltung von angesaugte metallischen Fremdkörpern zu beschleunigen. Metall-Detektor ist ein sehr niedrigen frequenzgerät, mit einem Empfänger und einem Sender, der die Änderung in seiner elektromagnetischen Feldes verursacht durch das Vorhandensein von einem Metallgegenstand in seiner Nähe3erkennt. Wenn ein metallisches Objekt innerhalb des Feldes ist, das elektromagnetische Feld ist gestört und der Sensor einen Audio-visuellen Alarm auf dem Gerät4eingestellt werden. Die Metalldetektor-Prüfung kann in weniger als 2 Minuten5gründlich durchgeführt werden. Daher kann der HHMD Screening früh in der Triage-Prozess von Kindern mit Verdacht auf metallische Fremdkörper Verschlucken für topographische Lokalisierung eingeführt werden.
Münzen sind die häufigsten geschluckt metallische Fremdkörper1,4,6,7. Aufgrund des Fehlens von scharfen Kanten und allgemeine ungiftige Natur sind die Mehrheit der Münze Ingestionen konservativ verwaltet. Andere Arten von Materialien, die häufig eingenommen gehören Magnete, Knopfbatterien, kleine Spielzeuge, Erdnüsse, Schmuck, Knöpfe, Knochen, Samen und Popcorn8,9. Impaktion von Fremdkörpern tritt am häufigsten in der Speiseröhre an drei Standorten, nämlich oberen Ösophagussphinkters, Mitte des Ösophagus auf der Ebene der Aortenbogen und unteren Ösophagussphinkters10. Metallische Fremdkörper (MFBs) befindet sich in der Speiseröhre können asymptomatisch in 40 % der Patienten11,12 und seiner längeren Impaktion führen zu verschiedenen Komplikationen wie esophageal Perforierung, Mediastinitis, tracheoesophageal Fistula, trachealen Stenosen und Aorto-und Speiseröhrenkrebs Fisteln1,13,14,15. Weitere Standorte der Fremdkörper Impaktion sind Pylorus, Duodenum und Ileo-Caecum Kreuzung10.
Durchführung von Röntgenaufnahmen von Hals, Brust und Bauch zu diagnostizieren, vermutete, dass Fremdkörper Verschlucken ist eine weit verbreitete Praxis in den Notaufnahmen5. Unter allen Arten von angesaugte Fremdkörper sind nur 10 % Radio-opak-10. Radiologischen Untersuchungen sind zeitaufwendig und haben ein Risiko der Strahlenbelastung bei Kindern. Präzise topographische Lokalisierung von angesaugte Gegenstände aus Metall ist sehr wichtig, um die Therapie zu führen. Die Einführung der HHMD screening früh in der Triage-Prozess kann helfen, überflüssige Bestellung von Röntgenbildern durch topographisch Lokalisierung des aufgenommenen metallische Fremdkörpers zu mildern.
Die Studie bewertet die Genauigkeit der HHMD MFBs topographische systematisch zu lokalisieren und bestimmt die Wirksamkeit und Durchführbarkeit der HHMD in der pädiatrischen Bevölkerung. Wir prüfen auch, wie gut diese Strahlung kostenlose screening-Tool von Patienten und Eltern angenommen wurde. Zwischen Mai und Juli 2016 wurden alle aufeinander folgenden Patienten, die pädiatrische Notaufnahme mit einer Geschichte von Fremdkörper Verschlucken präsentiert in die Studie einbezogen. Die Einwilligung wurde von den Eltern oder Erziehungsberechtigten. Patienten mit angeblichen Fremdkörper Verschlucken wurden systematisch mit HHMD gescannt. Der Goldstandard der Pflege zur Identifizierung und Lokalisierung von angesaugte metallischen Fremdkörpern führt einfache Röntgenaufnahmen von der zervikalen Bereich, Thorax und Abdomen. Um die Durchführung der Prüfung zu erleichtern, wurde ein standardisierter Workflow (Abbildung 1) erstellt. Ein Log-Buch speziell anhand der Workflow erstellt wurde verwendet, um die ursprünglichen Daten zu sammeln, die anschließend in eine Tabelle (Abbildung 2) transkribiert wurden. Die Daten im Abschnitt Ergebnis werden als die Zahl der Fälle, gefolgt von Prozentzahlen dargestellt.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Hand held metal detector</td><td>Garrett Super Scanner V</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td></tr></tbody></table>

handheld metal detector screening for metallic foreign body ingestion in children

Münzen sind die am häufigsten aufgenommenen metallische Fremdkörper unter den Kindern. Das Ziel dieses Protokolls ist zur Beurteilung der Genauigkeit und Machbarkeit mit einem handheld metallortungsgerät aufgenommenen metallische Fremdkörper bei Kindern zu erkennen. Wir schlagen vor, dass durch die Einführung von Handheld-Metalldetektor Screening früh in der Triage-Prozess von Kindern mit Verdacht auf metallische Fremdkörper Verschlucken, die Anzahl der Röntgenaufnahmen den metallische Fremdkörper lokalisieren bestellt wird dabei reduziert werden kann Radio-Sensitive Bevölkerung. Das Studienprotokoll erfordert das Screening der Teilnehmer für die Geschichte des Fremdkörpers Aufnahme und Ausschluss von Patienten mit Atemnot oder metallische Implantate. Der Patient ändert sich krankenhemd und Elemente, die wie Brillen, Ohrringe, Anhänger Metall enthalten könnte, und Ornamente werden entfernt. Der Patient befindet sich in der Mitte des Raumes von anderen metallischen Interferenzen. Zuerst bestätigt den Arbeitsstatus des handheld Metalldetektors ein positives Audio-visuellen Signal zu entlocken. Dann erfolgt das Screening in einer aufrechten Position mit Kopf in Verlängerung um den Hals, von der Ebene des Kinns auf die Ebene des Hüftgelenks, die anatomische Bereiche von Hals bis Becken in einer Zick-Zack-Weise sowohl vorn als auch nach hinten decken verfügbar zu machen. Ein positives Audio-visuellen Signal ist aufmerksam zur Kenntnis genommen, während des Scanvorgangs auf das Vorhandensein von metallischen Fremdkörper. Relevanten Röntgenaufnahmen sind gemäß den Bereich auf der Metall-Detektor-Screening erkannt bestellt. Der handheld Metalldetektor konnte alle Münzen unter den aufgenommenen metallische Fremdkörper in unserer Studie genau zu bestimmen. Der handheld Metalldetektor konnte nicht konsequent-Münze metallische Fremdkörper erkennen. Dieses Protokoll zeigt die Genauigkeit der Handheld-Metalldetektor zur Identifizierung und Lokalisierung von Münzen und Münze wie metallische Fremdkörper.

Die Forscher rekrutiert 36 Patienten für diese Beobachtungsstudie. Diese Patienten hatten pädiatrische Notaufnahme mit einer Geschichte von Fremdkörper Verschlucken vorgestellt. Unter diesen waren 28 Patienten metallische Fremdkörper Ingestionen (Abbildung 3). Die übrigen 8 Patienten hatten nicht-metallische Fremdkörper wie Gräten, Satay Stick und Plastikknopf aufgenommen. Münzen waren die häufigste Art des Fremdkörpers eingenommen (Tabelle ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children at JoVE.com

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Hier präsentieren wir ein Protokoll, um den handheld Metalldetektor zum Bildschirm für die Anwesenheit von angesaugte metallischen Fremdkörpern bei Kindern verwenden, die an die pädiatrische Notfallmedizin-Abteilung mit einer Geschichte von Fremdkörper Verschlucken zu präsentieren.

Handheld-Metalldetektor-Screening für metallische Fremdkörper Verschlucken bei Kindern

Coins are the most common ingested metallic foreign bodies among children. The goal of this protocol is to assess the accuracy and feasibility of using a ...

handheld-metal-detector-screening-for-metallic-foreign-body-ingestion

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10.6K Aufrufe.  KK women's and Children's Hospital. Hier präsentieren wir ein Protokoll, um den handheld Metalldetektor zum Bildschirm für die Anwesenheit von angesaugte metallischen Fremdkörpern bei Kindern verwenden, die an die pädiatrische Notfallmedizin-Abteilung mit einer Geschichte von Fremdkörper Verschlucken zu präsentieren.

Serie: Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Bacterial Detection &amp; Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

Electrochemical sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of analytes. Electrochemical sensors operate by transducing a biological recognition event into a useful electrical signal. Signal transduction occurs by coupling the activity of a redox enzyme to an amperometric electrode. Sensor specificity is either an inherent characteristic of the enzyme, glucose oxidase in the case of a glucose sensor, or a product of linkage between the enzyme and an antibody or probe.
Here, we describe an electrochemical sensor assay method to directly detect and identify bacteria. In every case, the probes described here are DNA oligonucleotides. This method is based on sandwich hybridization of capture and detector probes with target ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The capture probe is anchored to the sensor surface, while the detector probe is linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). When a substrate such as 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is added to an electrode with capture-target-detector complexes bound to its surface, the substrate is oxidized by HRP and reduced by the working electrode. This redox cycle results in shuttling of electrons by the substrate from the electrode to HRP, producing current flow in the electrode.

Bacterial Detection & Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

We describe an electrochemical sensor assay method for rapid bacterial detection and identification. The assay involves a sensor array functionalized with DNA oligonucleotide capture probes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) species-specific sequences. Sandwich hybridization of target rRNA with the capture probe and a horseradish peroxidase-linked DNA oligonucleotide detector probe produces a measurable amperometric current.

Bakterielle Erkennung und Identifizierung mit elektrochemischen Sensoren

Electrochemical  sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and  can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of ...

Forschung

Biotechnik

Protocol for the Evaluation of MRI Artifacts Caused by Metal Implants to Assess the Suitability of Implants and the Vulnerability of Pulse Sequences

As the number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and patients with medical implants is constantly growing, radiologists increasingly encounter metallic implant-related artifacts in MRI, resulting in reduced image quality. Therefore, the MRI suitability of implants in terms of artifact volume, as well as the development of pulse sequences to reduce image artifacts, are becoming more and more important. Here, we present a comprehensive protocol which allows for a standardized evaluation of the artifact volume of implants on MRI. Furthermore, this protocol can be used to analyze the vulnerability of different pulse sequences to artifacts. The proposed protocol can be applied to T1- and T2-weighted images with or without fat-suppression and all passive implants. Furthermore, the procedure enables the separate and three-dimensional identification of signal loss and pile-up artifacts. As previous investigations differed greatly in evaluation methods, the comparability of their results was limited. Thus, standardized measurements of MRI artifact volumes are necessary to provide better comparability. This may improve the development of the MRI suitability of implants and better pulse sequences to finally improve patient care.

We describe a standardized method to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging artifacts caused by implants to estimate the suitability of the implants for magnetic resonance imaging and/or the vulnerability of different pulse sequences to metallic artifacts simultaneously.

Protokoll für die Bewertung von MRI Artefakte verursacht durch Metall-Implantate um die Eignung der Implantate und die Anfälligkeit von Impulsfolgen zu bewerten

As the number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and patients with medical implants is constantly growing, radiologists increasingly encounter ...

Ingenieurwesen

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

Within the last decade there has been an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural basis of human perception, cognition and behavior 1, 2. Moreover, this non-invasive imaging method has grown into a tool for clinicians and researchers to explore typical and atypical brain development. Although advances in neuroimaging tools and techniques are apparent, (f)MRI in young pediatric populations remains relatively infrequent 2. Practical as well as technical challenges when imaging children present clinicians and research teams with a unique set of problems 3, 2. To name just a few, the child participants are challenged by a need for motivation, alertness and cooperation. Anxiety may be an additional factor to be addressed. Researchers or clinicians need to consider time constraints, movement restriction, scanner background noise and unfamiliarity with the MR scanner environment2,4-10. A progressive use of functional and structural neuroimaging in younger age groups, however, could further add to our understanding of brain development. As an example, several research groups are currently working towards early detection of developmental disorders, potentially even before children present associated behavioral characteristics e.g.11. Various strategies and techniques have been reported as a means to ensure comfort and cooperation of young children during neuroimaging sessions. Play therapy 12, behavioral approaches 13, 14,15, 16-18 and simulation 19, the use of mock scanner areas 20,21, basic relaxation 22 and a combination of these techniques 23 have all been shown to improve the participant's compliance and thus MRI data quality. Even more importantly, these strategies have proven to increase the comfort of families and children involved 12. One of the main advances of such techniques for the clinical practice is the possibility of avoiding sedation or general anesthesia (GA) as a way to manage children's compliance during MR imaging sessions 19,20. In the current video report, we present a pediatric neuroimaging protocol with guidelines and procedures that have proven to be successful to date in young children.

Despite an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans, the study of young pediatric populations remains a challenge. We present a hands-on, step-by-step video protocol including guidelines for clinicians and researchers intending to perform (f)MRI in young children.

Erstellen MR Imaging Kinderspiel - Pediatric Neuroimaging-Protokoll, Richtlinien und Verfahren

Within the last decade there has been an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural ...

Biologie

Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention

Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. The feasibility of using magnetic forces to capture and retain endothelial outgrowth cells (EOC) labeled with super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) has been shown previously. But this technique requires the development of a mechanically functional stent from a magnetic and biocompatible material followed by in-vitro and in-vivo testing to prove rapid endothelialization. We developed a weakly ferromagnetic stent from 2205 duplex stainless steel using computer aided design (CAD) and its design was further refined using finite element analysis (FEA). The final design of the stent exhibited a principal strain below the fracture limit of the material during mechanical crimping and expansion. One hundred stents were manufactured and a subset of them was used for mechanical testing, retained magnetic field measurements, in-vitro cell capture studies, and in-vivo implantation studies. Ten stents were tested for deployment to verify if they sustained crimping and expansion cycle without failure. Another 10 stents were magnetized using a strong neodymium magnet and their retained magnetic field was measured. The stents showed that the retained magnetism was sufficient to capture SPION-labeled EOC in our in-vitro studies. SPION-labeled EOC capture and retention was verified in large animal models by implanting 1 magnetized stent and 1 non-magnetized control stent in each of 4 pigs. The stented arteries were explanted after 7 days and analyzed histologically. The weakly magnetic stents developed in this study were capable of attracting and retaining SPION-labeled endothelial cells which can promote rapid healing.

Our goals were to design, manufacture and test ferromagnetic stents for endothelial cell capture. Ten stents were tested for fracture and 10 more stents were tested for retained magnetism. Finally, 10 stents were tested in-vitro and 8 more stents were implanted in 4 pigs to show cell capture and retention.

Ferromagnetische Bare Metal Stent für Endothelzellen-Abscheidung und Retention

Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. ...

Preparation and Application of a New Bacterial Biosensor for the Presumptive Detection of Gunshot Residue

MicRoboCop is a biosensor that has been designed for a unique application in forensic chemistry. MicRoboCop is a system made up of three devices that, when used together, can indicate the presence of gunshot residue (GSR) by producing a fluorescence signal in the presence of three key analytes (antimony, lead, and organic components of GSR). The protocol describes the synthesis of the biosensors using Escherichia coli (E. coli), and the analytical chemistry methods used to evaluate the selectivity and sensitivity of the sensors. The functioning of the system is demonstrated by using GSR collected from the inside of a spent cartridge casing. Once prepared, the biosensors can be stored until needed and can be used as a test for these key analytes. A positive response from all three analytes provides a presumptive positive test for GSR, while each individual device has applications for detecting the analytes in other samples (e.g., a detector for lead contamination in drinking water). The main limitation of the system is the time required for a positive signal; future work may involve studying different organisms to optimize the response time.

A protocol is presented using synthetic biology techniques to synthesize a set of bacterial biosensors for the analysis of gunshot residue, and to test the functioning of the devices for their intended use using fluorescence spectroscopy.

Vorbereitung und Anwendung eines neuen bakteriellen Biosensors für die präventive Erkennung von Gunshot Residue

MicRoboCop is a biosensor that has been designed for a unique application in forensic chemistry. MicRoboCop is a system made up of three devices that, ...

Chemie

Hellgrammite as a Non-Conventional Biomonitor for Surface Water and Environmental Health Assessment

The larvae of dobsonflies from the genus Corydalus, commonly known as Hellgrammites, are characterized by their notable size, extensive range of occurrence, and extended period of immaturity, which can last up to one year. Hellgrammites are clearly known to exhibit sensitivity to pollution and habitat structure impacts. Given these unique features, using Corydalus texanus larvae is highly suitable as reliable biomonitoring agents to assess the ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. This protocol aims to provide the necessary tools for C. texanus assessment and demonstrate their efficacy through a case study. Research findings have practical implications, indicating that C. texanus larvae exhibit early-warning responses to mining pollution, bioaccumulating high amounts of heavy metals such as Zn, Fe, and Al. The presence or absence of C. texanus populations may serve as a helpful indicator for identifying potential issues related to ecosystem health. The unconventional approach has shown early warnings of pollution in mining-impacted sites, highlighting the need for timely action to protect the environment. Given their unique traits, the use of C. texanus larvae is highly suggested as a reliable non-conventional bioindicator.

This protocol describes the use of biomarkers for the early detection of deleterious impacts in aquatic ecosystems. The biomarkers are closely related to sentinel traits, and their changes aid in detecting early-warning damages.

Hellgrammit als unkonventioneller Biomonitor für die Bewertung der Gesundheit von Oberflächengewässern und der Umwelt

The larvae of dobsonflies from the genus Corydalus, commonly known as Hellgrammites, are characterized by their notable size, extensive range of ...

Umwelt

Quantification of Metal Leaching in Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography

Contamination of enzymes with metals leached from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) columns poses a major concern for enzymologists, as many of the common di-and trivalent cations used in IMAC resins have an inhibitory effect on enzymes. However, the extent of metal leaching and the impact of various eluting and reducing reagents are poorly understood in large part due to the absence of simple and practical transition metal quantification protocols that use equipment typically available in biochemistry labs. To address this problem, we have developed a protocol to quickly quantify the amount of metal contamination in samples prepared using IMAC as a purification step. The method uses hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) as a colorimetric indicator for metal cation content in a sample solution and UV-Vis spectroscopy as a means to quantify the amount of metal present, into the nanomolar range, based on the change in the HNB spectrum at 647 nm. While metal content in a solution has historically been determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma techniques, these methods require specialized equipment and training outside the scope of a typical biochemistry laboratory. The method proposed here provides a simple and fast way for biochemists to determine the metal content of samples using existing equipment and knowledge without sacrificing accuracy.

We present an assay for easy quantification of metals introduced to samples prepared using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The method uses hydroxynaphthol blue as the colorimetric metal indicator and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer as the detector.

Quantifizierung der Metallauslaugung in der immobilisierten Metallaffinitätschromatographie

Contamination of enzymes with metals leached from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) columns poses a major concern for enzymologists, as ...

Magnetic Levitation Coupled with Portable Imaging and Analysis for Disease Diagnostics

Currently, many clinical diagnostic procedures are complex, costly, inefficient, and inaccessible to a large population in the world. The requirements for specialized equipment and trained personnel require that many diagnostic tests be performed at remote, centralized clinical laboratories. Magnetic levitation is a simple yet powerful technique and can be applied to levitate cells, which are suspended in a paramagnetic solution and placed in a magnetic field, at a position determined by equilibrium between a magnetic force and a buoyancy force. Here, we present a versatile platform technology designed for point-of-care diagnostics which uses magnetic levitation coupled to microscopic imaging and automated analysis to determine the density distribution of a patient's cells as a useful diagnostic indicator. We present two platforms operating on this principle: (i) a smartphone-compatible version of the technology, where the built-in smartphone camera is used to image cells in the magnetic field and a smartphone application processes the images and to measures the density distribution of the cells and (ii) a self-contained version where a camera board is used to capture images and an embedded processing unit with attached thin-film-transistor (TFT) screen measures and displays the results. Demonstrated applications include: (i) measuring the altered distribution of a cell population with a disease phenotype compared to a healthy phenotype, which is applied to sickle cell disease diagnosis, and (ii) separation of different cell types based on their characteristic densities, which is applied to separate white blood cells from red blood cells for white blood cell cytometry. These applications, as well as future extensions of the essential density-based measurements enabled by this portable, user-friendly platform technology, will significantly enhance disease diagnostic capabilities at the point of care.

We present a magnetic levitation technique coupled with automated imaging and analysis in both a smartphone-compatible device and a device with embedded imaging and processing. This is applied to measure the density distribution of cells with two demonstrated biomedical applications: sickle cell disease diagnosis and separating white and red blood cells.

Magnetic Levitation Gekoppelt mit tragbaren Imaging und Analyse für Krankheitsdiagnostik

Currently, many clinical diagnostic procedures are complex, costly, inefficient, and inaccessible to a large population in the world. The requirements for ...

Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples

Trichinellosis is a debilitating disease in humans and is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with the nematode larvae of the genus Trichinella. The most important sources of human infections worldwide are game meat and pork or pork products. In many countries, the prevention of human trichinellosis is based on the identification of infected animals by means of the artificial digestion of muscle samples from susceptible animal carcasses.
There are several methods based on the digestion of meat but the magnetic stirrer method is considered the gold standard. This method allows the detection of Trichinella larvae by microscopy after the enzymatic digestion of muscle samples and subsequent filtration and sedimentation steps. Although this method does not require special and expensive equipment, internal controls cannot be used. Therefore, stringent quality management should be applied throughout the test. The aim of the present work is to provide detailed handling instructions and critical control points of the method to analysts, based on the experience of the European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites and the National Reference Laboratory of Germany for Trichinella.

Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples

The prevention of human trichinellosis in many countries worldwide is based on the laboratory examination of muscle samples from susceptible animals by methods of digestion, of which the magnetic stirrer method is considered the gold standard.

Magnetrührers Verfahren zum Nachweis von<em&gt; Trichinella</em&gt; Larvae in Muskelproben

Trichinellosis is a debilitating disease in humans and is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with the nematode ...

Immunologie und Infektion

Foodborne Pathogen Screening Using Magneto-fluorescent Nanosensor: Rapid Detection of E. Coli O157:H7

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been linked to both waterborne and foodborne illnesses, and remains a threat despite the food- and water-screening methods used currently. While conventional bacterial detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) can specifically detect pathogenic contaminants, they require extensive sample preparation and lengthy waiting periods. In addition, these practices demand sophisticated laboratory instruments and settings, and must be executed by trained professionals. Herein, a protocol is proposed for a simpler diagnostic technique that features the unique combination of magnetic and fluorescent parameters in a nanoparticle-based platform. The proposed multiparametric magneto-fluorescent nanosensors (MFnS) can detect E. coli O157:H7 contamination with as little as 1 colony-forming unit present in solution within less than 1 h. Furthermore, the ability of MFnS to remain highly functional in complex media such as milk and lake water has been verified. Additional specificity assays were also used to demonstrate the ability of MFnS to only detect the specific target bacteria, even in the presence of similar bacterial species. The pairing of magnetic and fluorescent modalities allows for the detection and quantification of pathogen contamination in a wide range of concentrations, exhibiting its high performance in both early- and late-stage contamination detection. The effectiveness, affordability, and portability of the MFnS make them an ideal candidate for point-of-care screening for bacterial contaminants in a wide range of settings, from aquatic reservoirs to commercially packaged foods.

Foodborne Pathogen Screening Using Magneto-fluorescent Nanosensor: Rapid Detection of E. Coli O157:H7

The overall goal of this protocol is to synthesize functional nanosensors for the portable, cost-effective, and rapid detection of specifically targeted pathogenic bacteria through a combination of magnetic relaxation and fluorescence emission modalities.

Handheld-Metalldetektor-Screening für metallische Fremdkörper Verschlucken bei Kindern

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