preparation-cytoplasmic-nuclear-long-rnas-from-primary-cultured

Preparation of Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Long RNAs from Primary and Cultured Cells

The separation of intracellular components has been a key tool in cellular biology for many years now and has been able to provide useful insight into how ...

University of Miami

University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

High rates of recurrence and treatment resistance in the most common malignant adult brain cancer, glioblastoma (GBM), suggest that monotherapies are not sufficiently effective. Combination therapies are increasingly pursued, but the possibility of adverse drug-drug interactions may preclude clinical implementation. Developing single molecules with multiple targets is a feasible alternative strategy to identify effective and tolerable pharmacotherapies for GBM. Here, we report the development of a novel, first-in-class, dual aurora and lim kinase inhibitor termed F114. Aurora kinases and lim kinases are involved in neoplastic cell division and cell motility, respectively. Due to the importance of these cellular functions, inhibitors of aurora kinases and lim kinases are being pursued separately as anti-cancer therapies. Using in vitro and ex vivo models of GBM, we found that F114 inhibits GBM proliferation and invasion. These results establish F114 as a promising new scaffold for dual aurora/lim kinase inhibitors that may be used in future drug development efforts for GBM, and potentially other cancers.

A dual aurora and lim kinase inhibitor reduces glioblastoma proliferation and invasion.

Patients with multiple myeloma-bearing translocation t(11;14) have recently been shown to benefit from the apoptosis-inducing drug venetoclax; however, the drug lacks FDA approval in multiple myeloma thus far due to a potential safety signal in the overall patient population. Selinexor is an inhibitor of nuclear export that is FDA-approved for patients with multiple myeloma refractory to multiple lines of therapy. Here, we report that in four patients with multiple myeloma with t(11;14), the concomitant administration of venetoclax and selinexor was safe and associated with disease response. Moreover, the combination was synergistic in t(11;14) multiple myeloma cell lines and caused decreased levels of Cyclin D1 (which is overexpressed due to the CCND1-IGH fusion) when given in combination as compared to single agents. These data suggest that the combination of venetoclax and selinexor is effective and t(11;14) may serve as a therapeutic marker for response and target for future clinical trials.

Combination venetoclax and selinexor effective in relapsed refractory multiple myeloma with translocation t(11;14).

Patients treated with cytotoxic therapies, including autologous stem cell transplantation, are at risk for developing therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (tMN). Pre-leukemic clones (i.e., clonal hematopoiesis; CH) are detectable years before the development of these aggressive malignancies, though the genomic events leading to transformation and expansion are not well-defined. Here, leveraging distinctive chemotherapy-associated mutational signatures from whole-genome sequencing data and targeted sequencing of pre-chemotherapy samples, we reconstruct the evolutionary life-history of 39 therapy-related myeloid malignancies. A dichotomy is revealed, in which neoplasms with evidence of chemotherapy-induced mutagenesis from platinum and melphalan are hypermutated and enriched for complex structural variants (i.e., chromothripsis) while neoplasms with non-mutagenic chemotherapy exposures are genomically similar to de novo acute myeloid leukemia. Using chemotherapy-associated mutational signatures as temporal barcodes linked to a discrete clinical exposure in each patient's life, we estimate that several complex events and genomic drivers are acquired after chemotherapy is administered. For patients with prior multiple myeloma who were treated with high-dose melphalan and autologous stem cell transplantation, we demonstrate that tMN can develop from either a reinfused CH clone that escapes melphalan exposure and is selected following reinfusion, or from TP53-mutant CH that survives direct myeloablative conditioning and acquires melphalan-induced DNA-damage. Overall, we reveal a novel mode of tMN progression that is not reliant on direct mutagenesis or even exposure to chemotherapy. Conversely, for tMN that evolve under the influence of chemotherapy-induced mutagenesis, distinct chemotherapies not only select pre-existing CH, but also promote the acquisition of recurrent genomic drivers.

Maurizio Affer

Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center

University of Miami

Preparation of Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Long RNAs from Primary and Cultured Cells

Maurizio Affer

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University of Miami

Preparation of Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Long RNAs from Primary and Cultured Cells

Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center