reprogramming-pancreatic-ductal-adenocarcinoma-to-pluripotency

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using transcription factors has been achieved from almost any differentiated cell type and has ...

The University of Edinburgh

A strong connection exists between the cell cycle and mechanisms required for executing cell fate decisions in a wide-range of developmental contexts. Terminal differentiation is often associated with cell cycle exit, whereas cell fate switches are frequently linked to cell cycle transitions in dividing cells. These phenomena have been investigated in the context of reprogramming, differentiation and trans-differentiation but the underpinning molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Most progress to address the connection between cell fate and the cell cycle has been made in pluripotent stem cells, in which the transition through mitosis and G1 phase is crucial for establishing a window of opportunity for pluripotency exit and the initiation of differentiation. This Review will summarize recent developments in this area and place them in a broader context that has implications for a wide range of developmental scenarios.

Cycling through developmental decisions: how cell cycle dynamics control pluripotency, differentiation and reprogramming.

Pioneer transcription factors such as OCT4 can target silent genes embedded in nucleosome-dense regions. How nucleosome interaction enables transcription factors to target chromatin and determine cell identity remains elusive. Here, we systematically dissect OCT4 to show that nucleosome binding is encoded within the DNA-binding domain and yet can be uncoupled from free-DNA binding. Furthermore, accelerating the binding kinetics of OCT4 to DNA enhances nucleosome binding. In cells, uncoupling nucleosome binding diminishes the ability of OCT4 to individually access closed chromatin, while more dynamic nucleosome binding results in expansive genome scanning within closed chromatin. However, both uncoupling and enhancing nucleosome binding are detrimental to inducing pluripotency from differentiated cells. Remarkably, stable interactions between OCT4 and nucleosomes are continuously required for maintaining the accessibility of pluripotency enhancers in stem cells. Our findings reveal how the affinity and residence time of OCT4-nucleosome complexes modulate chromatin accessibility during cell fate changes and maintenance.

Abdenour Soufi

Centre for Regenerative Medicine,
Institute of Regeneration and Repair,
Institute of Stem Cell Research,
Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, Institute of Stem Cell Research

The University of Edinburgh

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

Abdenour Soufi

Centre for Regenerative Medicine,Institute of Regeneration and Repair,Institute of Stem Cell Research,Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, Institute of Stem Cell Research

The University of Edinburgh

Reprogramming Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma to Pluripotency

Centre for Regenerative Medicine,
Institute of Regeneration and Repair,
Institute of Stem Cell Research,
Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Regeneration and Repair, Institute of Stem Cell Research