Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies

Varicocele accounts for 35%-40% of infertility cases among men of reproductive age. The international standard treatment method is microscopic varicocelectomy, typically performed under general anesthesia. This study proposes and implements microscopic varicocelectomy under local anesthesia, which provides more humane care for patients and reduces the economic burden.

Varicocele relies heavily on angiographic diagnostic techniques for disease-related examination and assessment. In order to diagnose varicocele better, we combined supine and standing positions for varicocele imaging, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound is used for patients with inconspicuous reflux. This approach facilitates the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of varicocele.