electroencephalographic (eeg) electrode implantation on mouse brain

Stimulating Mouse Brain with a Low-Cost EEG and Millimeter-Sized Coil

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising tool for human brain science, clinical application, and animal model research because of its non-/low invasiveness. During the early stage of TMS applications, measurement of the cortical effect in response to single- and paired-pulse TMS in humans and animals was restricted to the motor cortex; easily measurable output was limited to motor evoked potentials and induced myoelectric potentials involving the motor cortex1,2. To expand the brain regions that can be measured by TMS modulation, electroencephalographic (EEG) recording was integrated with single- and paired-pulse TMS as a useful method to directly examine the excitability, connectivity, and spatiotemporal dynamics of areas throughout the whole brain3,4,5. Thus, the simultaneous application of TMS and EEG recording (TMS-EEG) to the brain has been used to probe various superficial cortical brain areas of humans and animals to investigate intracortical neural circuits (see Tremblay et al.6). Moreover, TMS-EEG systems can be used to examine additional cortical spatiotemporal characteristics, including the propagation of signals to other cortical areas and the generation of oscillatory activity7,8.
However, the mechanism of action of TMS in the brain remains speculative because of the non-invasiveness of TMS, which limits our knowledge of how the brain functions during TMS applications. Therefore, invasive translational studies in animals ranging from rodents to humans are of crucial importance to understand the mechanism of the effects of TMS on neural circuits and their activity. In particular, for combined TMS-EEG experiments in animals, a simultaneous stimulation and measurement system has not been intensively developed for small animals. Therefore, experimentalists are required to construct such a system by trial and error according to their specific experimental requirements. In addition, mouse models are useful among other in vivo animal species models because many transgenic and strain-isolated mice strains are available as biological resources. Thus, a convenient method to build a TMS-EEG-combined measurement system for mice would be desirable for many neuroscience researchers.
This study proposes a TMS-EEG-combined method that can be applied for simultaneous stimulation and recording of the mouse brain, which is the main type of transgenic animal used in research, and that can easily be constructed in typical neuroscience laboratories. First, a low-cost EEG recording system is described using conventional screw electrodes and a flexible substrate to reproducibly assign an electrode-array position in each experiment. Second, a magnetic stimulation system is constructed using a millimeter-sized coil, which can easily be custom-made in typical laboratories. Third, the TMS-EEG-combined system records neural activity in response to sound and magnetic stimulation. The method presented in this study can reveal the mechanisms that generate specific disorders in small animals, and the results obtained in the animal models can be translated to understand the corresponding human disorders.

Author Spotlight: Low-Cost Electroencephalographic Recording System Combined with a Millimeter-Sized Coil to Transcranially Stimulate the Mouse Brain In Vivo  

Low-Cost Electroencephalographic Recording System Combined with a Millimeter-Sized Coil to Transcranially Stimulate the Mouse Brain In Vivo

In neuroscience, TMS and EEG recording are frequently used to advance our understanding of the brain. TMS is especially promising due to its non-invasiveness. Combining TMS with EEG recording enables researchers to explore excitability, connectivity, and spatiotemporal dynamics across various brain regions.This protocol aims to develop a simultaneous stimulation measurement system for TMS-EEG experiments with small animals. These system have not been extensively developed, forcing researchers to create a system to trial and error according to the unique experimental requirements. This easily adaptable approach can be set up in standard neuroscience labs, making it more accessible and practical for researchers.The findings of this study will advance research and elucidating mechanisms behind specific disorders in small animals, which are essential models for human candidates. Further, these models will improve their understanding of human conditions and help guide the creation of more effective treatments and interventions.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electroencephalographic EEG Electrode Implantation on Mouse Brain at JoVE.com

Electroencephalographic (EEG) Electrode Implantation on Mouse Brain  

To begin, use an intraperitoneal anesthetized mouse and expose the skull Using standard surgical procedures. Attach the stainless steel rod mounted to the 2D electrode array on the backside of the flexible substrate to a manipulator. Then place the flexible substrate on the exposed skull.Adjust the location of channels 3 and 14 on the array to fit within the inferior colliculus. Draw four small circles at the locations of channels 3, 8, 9, and 14 on the skull with a permanent marker to serve as targeting landmarks. Next, dry the skull surface to improve the adherence of the dental cement and to electrically isolate the 2D electrode array on the flexible substrate from the mouse skull.Apply a layer of dental cement to the skull surface approximately one millimeter thick and allow the cement to cure for approximately 30 minutes. Align the flexible substrate in line with the small circular marks on the surface of the skull. Then position the tip of a dental drill on each electrode pad hole on the flexible substrate and carefully drill into the skull.Using a screwdriver, secure the miniature screw electrodes into the drill holes of the skull. Crimp the head of the screw electrode and the electrode pad firmly. Finally, measure the conductance between each screw electrode and the connector with testing equipment, such as an LCR meter to confirm electrical conductivity.

electroencephalographic-eeg-electrode-implantation-on-mouse-brain

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

944 vues.  Hokkaido University. Pour commencer, utilisez une souris anesthésiée intrapéritonéale et exposez le crâne en utilisant des procédures chirurgicales standard. Fixez la tige en acier inoxydable montée sur le réseau d’électrodes 2D à l’arrière du substrat flexible à un manipulateur. Placez ensuite le substrat flexible sur le crâne exposé.Ajustez l’emplacement des canaux 3 et 14 sur le réseau pour qu’ils s’adaptent au colliculus inférieur. Tracez quatre petits cercles aux emplacements...

Vidéo: Electroencephalographic (EEG) Electrode Implantation on Mouse Brain  

low-cost electroencephalographic recording system combined with a millimeter-sized coil to transcranially stimulate the mouse brain in vivo

A low-cost electroencephalographic recording system combined with a millimeter-sized coil is proposed to drive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the mouse brain in vivo. Using conventional screw electrodes with a custom-made, flexible, multielectrode array substrate, multi-site recording can be carried out from the mouse brain in response to transcranial magnetic...

implantation of an electrode assembly in a mouse brain for electrophysiological recording

This video demonstrates a technique for implanting an electrode assembly into a mouse brain. The assembly contains bipolar electrodes to record activity from the hippocampus and a reference electrode to obtain baseline activity from the cerebellum. An anesthetized mouse is placed on a stereotaxic frame, and the electrode assembly is implanted in the target brain region. The animal is then allowed to recover before performing electrophysiological...

Implantation of an Electrode Assembly in a Mouse Brain for Electrophysiological Recording

Ensure that the animal&#39;s head is leveled and centered and cannot be moved when slightly probed. Once the animal is mounted, inject 0.5 milliliters of normosol onto the mice for hydration and apply ocular lubricant to prevent corneal drying. Monitor the depth of anesthesia by pinching a hind-limb toe. If the withdrawal reflex is absent in the animal, proceed to remove the scalp hair of the mouse around the surgical area. When done, disinfect the clean skin area thrice with an alternating...

non-restraining eeg radiotelemetry: epidural and deep intracerebral stereotaxic eeg electrode placement

Non-restraining EEG Radiotelemetry: Epidural and Deep Intracerebral Stereotaxic EEG Electrode Placement

Non-restraining EEG radiotelemetry is a valuable methodological approach to record in vivo long-term electroencephalograms from freely moving rodents. This detailed protocol describes stereotaxic epidural and deep intracerebral electrode placement in different brain regions in order to obtain reliable recordings of CNS rhythmicity and CNS related behavioral...

electroencephalographic (eeg) signal recording system and procedure

Electroencephalographic (EEG) Signal Recording System and Procedure  

eeg and catheter implantation in mouse brain for transcranial photobiomodulation to stimulate meningeal lymphatic vessel functions

EEG and Catheter Implantation in Mouse Brain for Transcranial Photobiomodulation to Stimulate Meningeal Lymphatic Vessel Functions

chronic implantation of multiple flexible polymer electrode arrays

Chronic Implantation of Multiple Flexible Polymer Electrode Arrays

Described below is a method for implantation of multiple polymer electrode arrays across anatomically distant brain regions for chronic electrophysiological recording in freely moving rats. Preparation and surgical implantation are described in detail, with emphasis on design principles to guide adaptation of these methods for use in other...

photobiomodulation under electroencephalographic controls of sleep for stimulation of lymphatic removal of toxins from mouse brain

Author Spotlight: Developing Photo-Stimulation Technology for Toxin Removal in Sleep-Related Brain Diseases

This study presents an original and portable tPBM technology under electroencephalographic (EEG) control of deep or non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep in non-anesthetized male C57BL/6 mice of different ages to stimulate lymphatic clearance of A&#946; from the brain into the peripheral lymphatic system (the deep cervical lymph nodes,...

Photobiomodulation Under Electroencephalographic Controls of Sleep for Stimulation of Lymphatic Removal of Toxins from Mouse Brain

electrode implantation in mouse hippocampus and prefrontal cortex for recording local field potentials

Electrode Implantation in Mouse Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex for Recording Local Field Potentials

dual extracellular recordings in the mouse hippocampus and prefrontal cortex

Author Spotlight: Studying Drug Impacts on Brain Signals Using Dual LFP Recording Protocol in Mice

This protocol outlines the use of a custom-designed recording device and electrodes to record local field potentials and investigate information flow in the mouse hippocampus and prefrontal...

LFP Recording in Mouse Brain for Cognitive Research and Drug Analysis

https://cloudfront.jove.com/CDNSource/teasers/66003_b.jpg

procedure for electrode implantation surgery in mice

Procedure for Electrode Implantation Surgery in Mice

electrode array implantation on the abdominal vagus nerve in rats for recording evoked compound action potentials

Electrode Array Implantation on the Abdominal Vagus Nerve in Rats for Recording Evoked Compound Action Potentials

brain mapping using a graphene electrode array

Brain Mapping Using a Graphene Electrode Array

We present a graphene array-based brain mapping procedure to reduce the invasiveness and improve spatiotemporal resolution. Graphene array-based surface electrodes exhibit long-term biocompatibility, mechanical flexibility, and suitability for brain mapping in a convoluted brain. This protocol allows for constructing multiple forms of sensory maps simultaneously and...

surgical implantation of the micro-drive on the mouse skull

Surgical Implantation of the Micro-Drive on the Mouse Skull  

Enhancing Brain Drainage During Sleep with Transcranial Photobiomodulation

https://cloudfront.jove.com/CDNSource/teasers/67035_b.jpg

implantation of a head bar on top of the mouse skull

Implantation of a Head Bar on Top of the Mouse Skull  

implantation of fibrin gel on mouse lung to study lung-specific angiogenesis

Implantation of Fibrin Gel on Mouse Lung to Study Lung-specific Angiogenesis

Recapitulation of the organ-specific microenvironment, which stimulates local angiogenesis, is indispensable for successful regeneration of damaged tissues. This report demonstrates a novel method to implant fibrin gels on the lung surface of living mouse in order to explore how the lung-specific microenvironment modulates angiogenesis and alveolar regeneration in adult mouse.

A low-cost electroencephalographic (EEG) recording system is proposed here to drive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the mouse brain in vivo, utilizing a millimeter-sized coil. Using conventional screw electrodes combined with a custom-made, flexible, multielectrode array substrate, multi-site recording can be carried out from the mouse brain. In addition, we explain how a millimeter-sized coil is produced using low-cost equipment usually found in laboratories. Practical procedures for fabricating the flexible multielectrode array substrate and the surgical implantation technique for screw electrodes are also presented, which are necessary to produce low-noise EEG signals. Although the methodology is useful for recording from the brain of any small animal, the present report focuses on electrode implementation in an anesthetized mouse skull. Furthermore, this method can be easily extended to an awake small animal that is connected with tethered cables via a common adapter and fixed with a TMS device to the head during recording.The present version of the EEG-TMS system, which can include a maximum of 32 EEG channels (a device with 16 channels is presented as an example with fewer channels) and one TMS channel device, is described. Additionally, typical results obtained by the application of the EEG-TMS system to anesthetized mice are briefly reported.

A low-cost electroencephalographic recording system combined with a millimeter-sized coil is proposed to drive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the mouse brain in vivo. Using conventional screw electrodes with a custom-made, flexible, multielectrode array substrate, multi-site recording can be carried out from the mouse brain in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation.

A low-cost electroencephalographic (EEG) recording system is proposed here to drive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the mouse brain in vivo, ...