Name: combinatorial synthesis of and high-throughput protein release from polymer film and nanoparticle libraries
Uploaded: 2012-09-06T12:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Combinatorial Synthesis of and High-throughput Protein Release from Polymer Film and Nanoparticle Libraries at JoVE.com

The authors acknowledge the ONR-MURI Award (NN00014-06-1-1176) and the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (Grant No. W81XWH-10-1-0806) for financial support. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. EEC 0552584 and 0851519.

1. Combinatorial Polymer Library Synthesis (Varying in Polymer Chemistry) - see Figure 1 for Robotic Setup
<ol>
 <li>Dissolve each monomer in the appropriate solvent (concentration = 25 mg/ml) and load each into a 10cc gas tight syringe.</li>
 <li>Attach the solvent resistant lure lock capillary tubes to the end of each syringe.</li>
 <li>Place the syringes on the syringe pumps (New Era Programmable Syringe Pumps) and lock into position.</li>
 <li>Set the linear actuators (Zaber) to the starting positi...

<ol>
	<li>Petersen, L. K., Sackett, C. K., Narasimhan, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel,+high-throughput+method+to+study+in+vitro+protein+release+from+polymer+nanospheres.">A novel, high-throughput method to study in vitro protein release from polymer nanospheres.</a> J. Comb. Chem. 12, 51-56 (2010).</li><li>Petersen, L. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activation+of+innate+immune+responses+in+a+pathogen-mimicking+manner+by+amphiphilic+polyanhydride+nanoparticle+adjuvants.">Activation of innate immune responses in a pathogen-mimicking manner by amphiphilic polyanhydride nanoparticle adjuvants.</a> Biomaterials. 32, 6815-6822 (2011).</li><li>Vogel, B. M., Cabral, J. T., Eidelman, N., Narasimhan, B., Mallapragada, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Parallel+synthesis+and+high-throughput+dissolution+testing+of+biodegradable+polyanhydride+copolymers.">Parallel synthesis and high-throughput dissolution testing of biodegradable polyanhydride copolymers.</a> J. Comb. Chem. 7, 921-928 (2005).</li><li>Petersen, L. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-throughput+evaluation+of+in+vivo+biodistribution+of+polyanhydride+nanoparticles.">High-throughput evaluation of in vivo biodistribution of polyanhydride nanoparticles.</a> Adv. Healthcare Mater. , (2012).</li><li>Petersen, L. K., Narasimhan, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Combinatorial+design+of+biomaterials+for+drug+delivery:+opportunities+and+challenges.">Combinatorial design of biomaterials for drug delivery: opportunities and challenges.</a> Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 5, 837-846 (2008).</li><li>Petersen, L. K., Oh, J., Sakaguchi, D. S., Mallapragada, S. K., Narasimhan, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amphiphilic+polyanhydride+films+promote+neural+stem+cell+adhesion+and+differentiation.">Amphiphilic polyanhydride films promote neural stem cell adhesion and differentiation.</a> Tissue Eng. 17, 2533-2541 (2011).</li><li>Petersen, L. K., Sackett, C. K., Narasimhan, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-throughput+analysis+of+protein+stability+in+polyanhydride+nanoparticles.">High-throughput analysis of protein stability in polyanhydride nanoparticles.</a> Acta Biomater. 6, 3873-3881 (2010).</li><li>Petersen, L. K., Xue, L., Wannemuehler, M. J., Rajan, K., Narasimhan, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+simultaneous+effect+of+polymer+chemistry+and+device+geometry+on+the+in+vitro+activation+of+murine+dendritic+cells.">The simultaneous effect of polymer chemistry and device geometry on the in vitro activation of murine dendritic cells.</a> Biomaterials. 30, 5131-5142 (2009).</li><li>Thorstenson, J. B., Petersen, L. K., Narasimhan, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Combinatorial/high-throughput+methods+for+the+determination+of+polyanhydride+phase+behavior.">Combinatorial/high-throughput methods for the determination of polyanhydride phase behavior.</a> J. Comb. Chem. 11, 820-828 (2009).</li><li>Xue, L., Petersen, L., Broderick, S., Narasimhan, B., Rajan, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identifying+factors+controlling+protein+release+from+combinatorial+biomaterial+libraries+via+hybrid+data+mining+methods.">Identifying factors controlling protein release from combinatorial biomaterial libraries via hybrid data mining methods.</a> ACS Comb. Sci. 13, 50-58 (2011).</li><li>Adler, A. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-throughput+cell-based+screening+of+biodegradable+polyanhydride+libraries.">High-throughput cell-based screening of biodegradable polyanhydride libraries.</a> Comb. Chem. High Through. Screen. 12, 634-645 (2009).</li><li>Determan, A. S., Trewyn, B. G., Lin, V. S., Nilsen-Hamilton, M., Narasimhan, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Encapsulation,+stabilization,+and+release+of+BSA-FITC+from+polyanhydride+microspheres.">Encapsulation, stabilization, and release of BSA-FITC from polyanhydride microspheres.</a> J. Control. Release. 100, 97-109 (2004).</li><li>Determan, A. S., Wilson, J. H., Kipper, M. J., Wannemuehler, M. J., Narasimhan, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+stability+in+the+presence+of+polymer+degradation+products:+consequences+for+controlled+release+formulations.">Protein stability in the presence of polymer degradation products: consequences for controlled release formulations.</a> Biomaterials. 27, 3312-3320 (2006).</li><li>Torres, M. P., Determan, A. S., Anderson, G. L., Mallapragada, S. K., Narasimhan, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amphiphilic+polyanhydrides+for+protein+stabilization+and+release.">Amphiphilic polyanhydrides for protein stabilization and release.</a> Biomaterials. 28, 108-116 (2007).</li><li>Torres, M. P., Vogel, B. M., Narasimhan, B., Mallapragada, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+characterization+of+novel+polyanhydrides+with+tailored+erosion+mechanisms.">Synthesis and characterization of novel polyanhydrides with tailored erosion mechanisms.</a> J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A. 76, 102-110 (2006).</li><li>Carrillo-Conde, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Encapsulation+into+amphiphilic+polyanhydride+microparticles+stabilizes+Yersinia+pestis+antigens.">Encapsulation into amphiphilic polyanhydride microparticles stabilizes Yersinia pestis antigens.</a> Acta Biomater. 6, 3110-3119 (2010).</li></ol>

Knowledge of the necessary synthesis conditions and the glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of the polymers being synthesized are essential for library fabrication. If the Tgs are below room temperature, the nanoparticle fabrication step may need to be carried out in a controlled temperature environment below the Tg of the polymers. Additionally, caution should be taken to ensure that all equipment that comes in contact with high temperatures and the solvents must be fit to handle those c...

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Name</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Catalog number</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Motorized XYZ Stage: 3x T-LSM050A, 50 mm travel per axis</td>
 <td>Zaber Technologies</td>
 <td>T-XYZ-LSM050A-KT04</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>NE-1000 Single Syringe Pump</td>
 <td>New Era Pump Systems</td>
 <td>NE-1000</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Pyrex* Vista* Rimless Reusable Glass Culture Tubes</td>
 <td>Corning</td>
 <td>07-250-125</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Glass cuvettes</td>
 <td>Scientific Strategies</td>
 <td>G102</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>LabVIEW</td>
 <td>National Instruments</td>
 <td>776671-35</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>SGE Gas Tight Syringes, Luer Loc</td>
 <td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
 <td>509507</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>U96 DeepWell Plates 1.3 ml &amp; 2.0 ml</td>
 <td>Thermo Scientific: Nunc</td>
 <td>278743</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Well cap mats</td>
 <td>Thermo Scientific: Nunc</td>
 <td>276000</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Typhoon 9400</td>
 <td>GE Healthcare</td>
 <td>63-0055-79</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Whatman Grade 50 Circles 90 mm</td>
 <td>Whatman</td>
 <td>1450-090</td>
	 </tr>
	 </tbody>	
 </table>

combinatorial synthesis of and high-throughput protein release from polymer film and nanoparticle libraries

Polyanhydrides are a class of biomaterials with excellent biocompatibility and drug delivery capabilities. While they have been studied extensively with conventional one-sample-at-a-time synthesis techniques, a more recent high-throughput approach has been developed enabling the synthesis and testing of large libraries of polyanhydrides1. This will facilitate more efficient optimization and design process of these biomaterials for drug and vaccine delivery applications. The method in this work describes the combinatorial synthesis of biodegradable polyanhydride film and nanoparticle libraries and the high-throughput detection of protein release from these libraries. In this robotically operated method (Figure 1), linear actuators and syringe pumps are controlled by LabVIEW, which enables a hands-free automated protocol, eliminating user error. Furthermore, this method enables the rapid fabrication of micro-scale polymer libraries, reducing the batch size while resulting in the creation of multivariant polymer systems. This combinatorial approach to polymer synthesis facilitates the synthesis of up to 15 different polymers in an equivalent amount of time it would take to synthesize one polymer conventionally. In addition, the combinatorial polymer library can be fabricated into blank or protein-loaded geometries including films or nanoparticles upon dissolution of the polymer library in a solvent and precipitation into a non-solvent (for nanoparticles) or by vacuum drying (for films). Upon loading a fluorochrome-conjugated protein into the polymer libraries, protein release kinetics can be assessed at high-throughput using a fluorescence-based detection method (Figures 2 and 3) as described previously1. This combinatorial platform has been validated with conventional methods2 and the polyanhydride film and nanoparticle libraries have been characterized with 1H NMR and FTIR. The libraries have been screened for protein release kinetics, stability and antigenicity; in vitro cellular toxicity, cytokine production, surface marker expression, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation; and in vivo biodistribution and mucoadhesion1-11. The combinatorial method developed herein enables high-throughput polymer synthesis and fabrication of protein-loaded nanoparticle and film libraries, which can, in turn, be screened in vitro and in vivo for optimization of biomaterial performance.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Combinatorial Synthesis of and High-throughput Protein Release from Polymer Film and Nanoparticle Libraries at JoVE.com

Combinatorial Synthesis of and High-throughput Protein Release from Polymer Film and Nanoparticle Libraries

This method describes the combinatorial synthesis of biodegradable polyanhydride film and nanoparticle libraries and the high-throughput detection of protein release from these libraries.

Polyanhydrides are a class of biomaterials with excellent biocompatibility and drug delivery capabilities. While they have been studied extensively with ...

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