This work was supported by a grant from the NIH. The assays shown in Figure 1 was performed by Dr. Joseph Fasolo. We thank Dr. Rui Chen for helpful comments.

1. Préparation de la sonde <ol><li> Culture et purifier les sondes kinase V5-fusion utilisées pour examiner les interactions avec d&#39;autres protéines comme suit: <ol><li> Utilisez fraîchement striée souche de levure Y258 (MATa pep4-3, his4-580, ura3-53, leu2-3,112) contenant des protéines V5-fusion (exprimé de Gateway vecteur pYES-DEST52). Utilisez la protéine isolée comme sonde sur les puces. Plaque sur la levure synthétique complet-uracile (Sc-Ura) / 2% de dextrose / agar et de croître à 30 ° C pendant 3 jours de culture congelée (-80 ° C glycérol stock). </li><li> Inoculer des cultures de démarrage (5-20 ml) à partir d&#39;une seule colonie et de croître pendant la nuit dans Sc-Ura / 2% de dextrose à secouer la plate-forme (220-250 rpm) ou de la roue à 30 ° C. </li><li> Le lendemain matin, inoculer 400 ml de la Sc-Ura / 2% de la culture de raffinose avec la culture de démarrage suffisant pour une DO finale 600 de 0,1. </li><li> Cultivez les inoculums à DO 600 de 0,6 suivie par induction par le galactose de la fu V5-kinasesion construire expression par addition d&#39;une solution d&#39;extrait de levure 3x / Peptone (YEP) additionné de 6% de galactose, en suffisant pour diluer le support d&#39;induction d&#39;un facteur 3 en ajoutant de sorte que la concentration finale de 2% de galactose est. </li><li> Induire les cellules à 30 ° C pendant 6 heures sur une table d&#39;agitation. Utilisez un L Erlenmeyer de 2 pour assurer une aération appropriée. </li><li> Récolte des cellules en utilisant un rotor JA-10 (ou comparables), la rotation 400 ml de suspension de cellules à 1000 g pendant 5 min à 4 ° C. </li><li> Laver les cellules une fois avec 50 ml de glace tampon PBS froid et transférer dans un tube conique de 50 ml. Laver le culot de nouveau dans un tampon PBS glacé (sans détergents ou d&#39;autres additifs) utilisés pour la lyse et le transfert à 2 ml à bouchon tubes de lyse. </li><li> Faites tourner les cellules à 20.000 g pendant 1 min à 4 ° C à une pastille et la pipette loin le tampon. </li><li> Placer les tubes sur la glace et passez à l&#39;étape de lyse. </li><li> Lyse des cellules (250-350 pi granulés) avec 00,5 mm billes de zircone dans un 1: 1: volume de culot cellulaire, des perles, et une solution saline tamponnée au phosphate (PBS) 1 tampon de lyse et le vortex le mélange en utilisant une plate-forme d&#39;agitation 3 fois à intervalles de 2 min à 4 ° C. </li><li> Centrifuger le lysat à 20.000 xg dans une centrifugeuse de table pendant 10 min à 4 ° C. </li><li> Pipette surnageant dans le tube de centrifugeuse en polycarbonate à haute vitesse et de clarifier par ulracentrufugation pendant 30 minutes à 150 000 g à 4 ° C. </li><li> Transférer le lysat clarifié dans un tube contenant de la résine Ni 2+ prélavé d&#39;affinité (~ 100 ul) et incuber sur un nutator pendant 2 h à 4 ° C pour capturer l&#39;histidine (His) 6X protéine étiquetée V5-fusion. </li><li> Laver la résine trois fois pendant 10 min à 4 ° C avec le tampon de lavage. Pellet la résine en utilisant une centrifugeuse de table pendant 5 min à 1000 g à 4 ° C et aspirer le surnageant. Ajouter tampon de lavage fraîche pour chaque lavage et retourner le tube du nutator pour l&#39;agitation pendant le lavage. </li><li> Après la ste de lavageps sont complets, appliquer la résine lavée à une colonne G-25 frais pour l&#39;élution. </li><li> Appliquer 25 pi de tampon d&#39;élution d&#39;une manière par étapes en commençant avec 100 mM d&#39;imidazole à 500 mM d&#39;imidazole 50 mM par incréments pour un total de neuf fractions. </li><li> Doser les fractions recueillies en utilisant du gel de dodécylsulfate de sodium et de polyacrylamide (SDS-PAGE) et coloration de Coomassie pour déterminer la fraction (s) le plus fortement enrichi pour être utilisé dans l&#39;essai et ajouter du glycérol à 30% et stocker à -80 ° C jusqu&#39;à utilisation dans le dosage. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. Sonder les tableaux NOTE: S&#39;il vous plaît voir l&#39;étape 2.6 de cette section pour préparer la solution d&#39;anticorps avant de commencer l&#39;essai. <ol><li> Pour détecter les interactions, diluer l&#39;anticorps conjugué V5-fluorophore (c. AlexaFluor 647) à 260 ng / ml dans le tampon de la sonde et mélanger soigneusement par agitation. NOTE: Préparer cette solution d&#39;anticorps 30 min avant de les utiliser et placer le tube sur un nutatou ou la roue pour assurer un mélange complet et une suspension homogène d&#39;anticorps. </li><li> Diluer la sonde de protéines V5-fusion sur une plage de concentration de 5-500 pg / ml. REMARQUE: optimisée pour chaque essai d&#39;interaction protéine-protéine, en utilisant un tampon de la sonde. L&#39;optimisation consiste à ajouter plusieurs sondes pour sonder tampon. Typiquement, 10 ug / ml est utilisée comme point de départ et ajusté en conséquence en fonction de la puissance du signal. </li><li> Retirer les puces à protéines du congélateur (-20 ° C) et porter à 4 ° C au réfrigérateur juste avant l&#39;utilisation. </li><li> Ajouter un tampon bloquant directement le support de diapositives contenant les micorarrays de protéines et de couvrir le dessus avec du parafilm pour éviter les fuites. Bloquer les tableaux dans un tampon de blocage pendant 1 heure en agitant à 50 rpm sur une scène à 4 ° C. </li><li> Après blocage, les ensembles de transférer une chambre humidifiée refroidi à 4 ° C et ajouter 90 ul de sonde diluée directement à la surface du tableau. Superposer l&#39;arrays avec un bordereau de lifter soulevé et incuber statique (sans agitation) dans la chambre humide à 4 ° C pendant 1,5 heures. </li><li> Laver les tableaux 3 fois pendant 1 min dans un tampon de chaque sonde dans trois 50 ml tubes coniques. Ajouter la diapositive à tubes coniques contenant un tampon de la sonde pré-réfrigérés assez pour envelopper complètement la diapositive. Laisser le bordereau de levier pour doucement glisser hors de la puce de protéine (ne pas forcer off car cela pourrait entraîner des dommages à la surface de la matrice). </li><li> Appliquer la solution d&#39;anticorps directement au tableau immédiatement après avoir terminé le lavage (étape 2.5) et la superposition avec un glissement de levage soulevé comme avant. Incuber les matrices pendant 30 minutes à 4 ° C en chambre humide. </li><li> Effectuez la même étape de lavage comme avant (3 fois 1 min dans un tampon de la sonde), et de spin dans un tube conique de 50 ml à 800 xg dans une centrifugeuse de table pendant 5 min à température ambiante. Air-sécher les tableaux dans un support de diapositives dans l&#39;obscurité pendant 30 min avant de balayer le tableau à 647 nm. </li></ol>

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The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests.

Le protocole présenté a été effectuée en utilisant 85 des protéines kinase-V5 de fusion protéine de levure uniques pour comparer l&#39;activité de liaison à travers familles distinctes et liées des protéines kinases de la levure conduisant à l&#39;identification de nouveaux réseaux d&#39;interactions in vivo une kinase. En tant que technologie de profilage protéomique émergents, le développement de High Throughput (HTP) de dépistage du protéome en utilisant des puces à protéines a...

La nécessité de réaliser des analyses globales de biochimie des protéines et de l&#39;activité in vivo de liaison a abouti à l&#39;élaboration de nouvelles méthodes de profilage interactions protéine-protéine (IPP) et les modifications post-traductionnelles de protéomes entiers 1,3-8. Puces à protéines sont fabriqués comme puces fonctionnelles de protéines en utilisant des protéines fonctionnelles pleine longueur 4-6,8,9, ou des puces à protéines analytiques contenant des anticorps 10,11. Ils sont conçus pour contenir une grande densité de protéines disposées sur des lames de microscope avec une variété de compositions chimiques de surface pour faciliter une variété de conditions expérimentales requises pour effectuer biochimique large 12 analyses. Nitrocellulose et de la surface de l&#39;aldéhyde chimies pour la fixation chimique à travers lysine ou fixation d&#39;affinité des méthodes telles que nickel diapositives chélatés pour fixer les protéines et les glutathion His-étiqueté pour la fixation d&#39;affinité entre autres 13. </p&gt; L&#39;utilisation de puces à protéines fonctionnelles pour détecter les interactions protéine-protéine nécessite l&#39;accès à une bibliothèque de protéine fonctionnelle de haute qualité 14. S. cerevisiae est susceptible de produire une telle bibliothèque à travers le jumelage de haute affinité copie étiqueté constructions de protéines à haut débit avec des techniques de purification chromatographique. La grande majorité du génome de la levure a été séquencé et la quasi-totalité du protéome peut être exprimée à partir d&#39;un plasmide grand nombre de copies pour la purification et l&#39;analyse biochimique 12. Une fois que les protéines sont obtenus et disposés en format de 384 puits, ils sont imprimés sur une lame de microscope permettant une analyse biochimique rapide parallèle multi-paramétrique et l&#39;interrogatoire bioinformatique 8,14-16. microréseaux de protéines ont été utilisées pour les dosages enzymatiques et des interactions avec des protéines, des lipides, des petites molécules et des acides nucléiques, parmi beaucoup d&#39;autres applications. L&#39;accessibilité des protéines sur la surface du protéometableaux rendent prêtent à différents types de détection analytique, y compris immunitaire affinité, résonance plasmonique de surface, la fluorescence et de nombreuses autres techniques. En outre, il permet un contrôle précis de la condition expérimentale où il pourrait être difficile de le faire in vivo. L&#39;objectif de ce protocole est de démontrer l&#39;usage approprié des puces à protéines fonctionnelles pour détecter les interactions protéine-protéine. Cette application permet à l&#39;analyse biochimique parallèle à haut débit des activités de liaison de protéines en utilisant un analyte hautement purifiée (protéine) d&#39;intérêt. A C-terminal (carboxy-terminale) étiqueté V5-fusion protéine appât d&#39;intérêt est produit à partir d&#39;un plasmide grand nombre de copies dans une souche de levure optimisé pour la purification des protéines. C-terminal marquage assure que la protéine pleine longueur a été traduit. La protéine utilisée dans cette étude est TDA1-V5 protéine de fusion kinase, qui est purifiée en utilisant une résine d&#39;affinité de nickel via un tag His6X. La fusion construc TDA1-V5t est purifié par élution série en utilisant un gradient d&#39;imidazole pour éluer la fraction la plus hautement enrichi destiné à être utilisé dans le dosage.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Petri Dishes</td><td>VWR</td><td>NC-10747</td><td>or comparable</td></tr><tr><td>Bacto yeast extract</td><td>Difco</td><td>0217-17</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bacto peptone</td><td>Difco</td><td>0118-17</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bacto agar</td><td>Difco</td><td>0140-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Dextrose</td><td>Sigma</td><td>D9434</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Raffinose</td><td>Sigma</td><td>R0514</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Galactose</td><td>Sigma</td><td>G0750</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sc-Ura drop out media</td><td>MP Bio</td><td>114410622</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Small Culture tubes</td><td>VWR/Fisher</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Large Erlenmeyer Flask</td><td>VWR/Fisher</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge JA-10 rotor</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge tubes (500 ml)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Falcon tube (50 ml)</td><td>VWR/Fisher</td><td>21008-951</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PBS Tablets</td><td>Sigma</td><td>P4417</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FastPrep Tubes (2 ml screw cap tube)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>FastPrep Machine</td><td>MP Biomedicals</td><td>116004500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Zircon Beads</td><td>BioSpec</td><td>11079105</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Triton X100</td><td>Sigma</td><td>P4417</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DTT</td><td>Sigma</td><td>D9779</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td>Sigma</td><td>M8266&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>NaCl</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S3014&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Imidazole (pH = 7.4)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>I5513&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PMSF</td><td>Sigma</td><td>93482</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Complete Inhibitor Cocktail (EDTA Free)</td><td>Roche</td><td>11873580001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phosphatase inhibitor cocktail 1</td><td>sigma</td><td>P2850</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BSA</td><td>Sigma</td><td>A2153&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tween-20</td><td>Sigma</td><td>P1379&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>ATP</td><td>Sigma</td><td>A1852&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Shaking Incubator (30 &amp;deg;C)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nickel Affinity Resin</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>R901-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>G25 column</td><td>GE life sciences</td><td>27-5325-01&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nutator</td><td>VWR/Fisher</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SDS-PAGE Gel (NuPage)</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Coomassie Blue Stain</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Monoclonal V5 Antibody</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>R960-25</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Alexa647 Tagged monoclonal V5 Antibody</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>451098</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Protein Microarrays Kit</td><td>Life Technologies</td><td>PAH0525013</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Genepix Scanner</td><td>Molecular Devices</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Lifter Slips</td><td>Thomas Scientific</td><td></td><td>http://www.thomassci.com/Supplies/Microscope-Cover-Glass/_/LIFTER-SLIPS/</td></tr><tr><td>Lysis Buffer: 0.1% Triton X-100, 0.5 mM DTT,&lt;br/&gt; 2 mM MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, 500 mM NaCl, 50 mM imidazole (pH 7.4), Complete protease inhibitor cocktail &amp;ndash; EDTA-free, Phosphatase inhibitor Cocktail 1, 1 mM PMSF&amp;nbsp; (add just prior to use)</td><td></td><td></td><td>Add the reagents to 1x PBS (0.01 M phosphate buffer, 0.0027 M potassium chloride, 0.137 M sodium chloride; pH 7.4) to obtain the desired volume of lysis solution</td></tr><tr><td>Blocking Buffer: 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 0.1% Tween-20</td><td></td><td></td><td>Add the reagents to 1x PBS to obtain the desired volume of blocking buffer</td></tr><tr><td>Probe Buffer: 2 mM MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, 0.5 mM DTT, 0.05% Triton X-100, 50 mM NaCl, 500 &amp;mu;M ATP (for kinases), 1% BSA</td><td></td><td></td><td>Add the reagent to 1x PBS to obtain desired volume of probe buffer</td></tr><tr><td>Wash Buffer: 0.1% Triton X-100, 500 mM NaCl, 0.5 mM DTT, 50 mM imidazole (pH 7.4),2 mM MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td>Add the reagent to 1x PBS to obtain desired volume of probe buffer</td></tr><tr><td>Elution Buffer: 0.1% Triton X-100, 0.5 mM DTT, 2 mM MgCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, 500 mM NaCl, 50 &amp;ndash; 500 mM imidazole (pH 7.4), Complete protease inhibitor cocktail &amp;ndash; EDTA-free, Phosphatase inhibitor Cocktail 1, 1 mM PMSF (add just prior to use)</td><td></td><td></td><td>Before you begin, it is important to note the concentration gradient of imidazole (50 &amp;ndash; 500 mM) and to create separate tubes for each concentration (it is advisable to create the interval using 50 mM increments). Add the reagent to 1x PBS to obtain desired volume of probe buffer</td></tr><tr><td>3x YEP +6% galactose: Dissolve 30 g of yeast extract and&amp;nbsp; 60 g of peptone in 700 ml of H2O, and autoclave. Add 300 ml of filter sterilized 20% galactose (wt/vol)</td><td></td><td></td><td>&amp;nbsp;Galactose should not be autoclaved</td></tr></tbody></table>

probing high-density functional protein microarrays to detect protein-protein interactions

Haute densité des puces à protéines fonctionnelles contenant 4,200 ~ protéines de levure recombinantes sont examinées pour les interactions protéine-protéine kinase en utilisant une protéine de fusion purifiée par affinité de la kinase de levure contenant une étiquette V5-épitope de lecture. Kinase purifiée est obtenue par la culture d&#39;une souche de levure optimisé pour la production de protéines de haute copie hébergeant un plasmide contenant une fusion kinase-V5 construire sous un promoteur inductible GAL. La levure est cultivée dans des milieux restrictive avec une source de carbone neutre pendant 6 heures, suivi par induction avec 2% de galactose. Ensuite, la culture est récoltée et la kinase est purifiée en utilisant des techniques standards de Chromatographie d&#39;affinité pour obtenir une protéine kinase hautement purifiée pour une utilisation dans le dosage. La kinase purifiée est diluée avec un tampon de kinase à une gamme appropriée pour le dosage et les puces à protéines sont bloqués avant l&#39;hybridation avec le microréseau de protéines. Après l&#39;hybridation, les tableaux sont sondés avec des anticorps monoclonaux V5 antiborps d&#39;identifier les protéines liées par la protéine kinase-V5. Enfin, les tableaux sont numérisés à l&#39;aide d&#39;un scanner de puces à ADN standard, et les données sont extraites pour analyse informatique aval 1,2 à déterminer un niveau de confiance élevé définir des interactions des protéines pour la validation aval in vivo.

L&#39;activité de l&#39;interaction protéine-protéine a été observée à l&#39;aide d&#39;un lecteur de puce standard pour évaluer la TDA1-V5 protéine kinase Construction d&#39;une fusion protéine d&#39;appât contre une puce de protéine fonctionnelle de levure contenant environ 4200 uniques S. cerevisiae des protéines de fusion GST. Nouvel interrogatoire avec le logiciel Genepix révélé une multitude d&#39;événements de différentes intensités de liaison. L&#39;affinité a été évaluée à par...

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Probing High-density Functional Protein Microarrays to Detect Protein-protein Interactions

En utilisant des puces à protéines contenant presque toute la S. cerevisiae protéome est sondé pour interrogatoire impartiale rapide de milliers d&#39;interactions protéine-protéine en parallèle. Cette méthode peut être utilisée pour la molécule de protéine-petite, la modification post-traductionnelle, et d&#39;autres dosages in à haut débit.

Sondage haute densité fonctionnels des puces à protéines pour détecter les interactions protéine-protéine

High-density functional protein microarrays containing ~4,200 recombinant yeast proteins are examined for kinase protein-protein interactions using an ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

8.0K vues.  Stanford University.  En utilisant des puces à protéines contenant presque toute la S. cerevisiae protéome est sondé pour interrogatoire impartiale rapide de milliers d'interactions protéine-protéine en parallèle. Cette méthode peut être utilisée pour la molécule de protéine-petite, la modification post-traductionnelle, et d'autres dosages in à haut débit. 

Vidéo: Probing High-density Functional Protein Microarrays to Detect Protein-protein Interactions

Extracellular Protein Microarray Technology for High Throughput Detection of Low Affinity Receptor-Ligand Interactions

Secreted factors, membrane-tethered receptors, and their interacting partners are main regulators of cellular communication and initiation of signaling cascades during homeostasis and disease, and as such represent prime therapeutic targets. Despite their relevance, these interaction networks remain significantly underrepresented in current databases; therefore, most extracellular proteins have no documented binding partner. This discrepancy is primarily due to the challenges associated with the study of the extracellular proteins, including expression of functional proteins, and the weak, low affinity, protein interactions often established between cell surface receptors. The purpose of this method is to describe the printing of a library of extracellular proteins in a microarray format for screening of protein-protein interactions. To enable detection of weak interactions, a method based on multimerization of the query protein under study is described. Coupled to this microbead-based multimerization approach for increased multivalency, the protein microarray allows robust detection of transient protein-protein interactions in high throughput. This method offers a rapid and low sample consuming-approach for identification of new interactions applicable to any extracellular protein. Protein microarray printing and screening protocol are described. This technology will be useful for investigators seeking a robust method for discovery of protein interactions in the extracellular space.

Here, we present a protocol to screen extracellular protein microarrays for identification of novel receptor-ligand interactions in high throughput. We also describe a method to enhance detection of transient protein-protein interactions by using protein-microbead complexes.

Technologie des microréseaux protéine extracellulaire pour détection haut débit des Interactions Ligand-récepteur de faible affinité

Secreted factors, membrane-tethered receptors, and their interacting partners are main regulators of cellular communication and initiation of signaling ...

Recherche

Biochimie

A Comparative Approach to Characterize the Landscape of Host-Pathogen Protein-Protein Interactions

Significant efforts were gathered to generate large-scale comprehensive protein-protein interaction network maps. This is instrumental to understand the pathogen-host relationships and was essentially performed by genetic screenings in yeast two-hybrid systems. The recent improvement of protein-protein interaction detection by a Gaussia luciferase-based fragment complementation assay now offers the opportunity to develop integrative comparative interactomic approaches necessary to rigorously compare interaction profiles of proteins from different pathogen strain variants against a common set of cellular factors.
This paper specifically focuses on the utility of combining two orthogonal methods to generate protein-protein interaction datasets: yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and a new assay, high-throughput Gaussia princeps protein complementation assay (HT-GPCA) performed in mammalian cells.
A large-scale identification of cellular partners of a pathogen protein is performed by mating-based yeast two-hybrid screenings of cDNA libraries using multiple pathogen strain variants. A subset of interacting partners selected on a high-confidence statistical scoring is further validated in mammalian cells for pair-wise interactions with the whole set of pathogen variants proteins using HT-GPCA. This combination of two complementary methods improves the robustness of the interaction dataset, and allows the performance of a stringent comparative interaction analysis. Such comparative interactomics constitute a reliable and powerful strategy to decipher any pathogen-host interplays.

This article focuses on the identification of high-confident interaction datasets between host and pathogen proteins using a combination of two orthogonal methods: yeast two-hybrid followed by a high-throughput interaction assay in mammalian cells called HT-GPCA.

Approche comparative caractérisent le paysage des interactions hôte-pathogène protéine-protéine

Significant efforts were gathered to generate  large-scale comprehensive protein-protein interaction network maps. This is  instrumental to understand the ...

Immunologie et infection

In-vivo Detection of Protein-protein Interactions on Micro-patterned Surfaces

Unraveling the interaction network of molecules in-vivo is key to understanding the mechanisms that regulate cell function and metabolism. A multitude of methodological options for addressing molecular interactions in cells have been developed, but most of these methods suffer from being rather indirect and therefore hardly quantitative. On the contrary, a few high-end quantitative approaches were introduced, which however are difficult to extend to high throughput. To combine high throughput capabilities with the possibility to extract quantitative information, we recently developed a new concept for identifying protein-protein interactions (Schwarzenbacher et al., 2008). Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the design and the construction of this system which allows for analyzing interactions between a fluorophore-labeled protein ("prey") and a membrane protein ("bait") in-vivo. Cells are plated on micropatterned surfaces functionalized with antibodies against the bait exoplasmic domain. Bait-prey interactions are assayed via the redistribution of the fluorescent prey. The method is characterized by high sensitivity down to the level of single molecules, the capability to detect weak interactions, and high throughput capability, making it applicable as screening tool.

In-vivo Detection of Protein-protein Interactions on Micro-patterned Surfaces

This video shows experiments with subsequent analysis of protein-protein interactions by the use of micro-patterned surfaces. The approach offers the possibility to detect protein interactions in living cells and combines high throughput capabilities with the possibility to extract quantitative information.

In vivo de détection des interactions protéine-protéine sur la micro-surfaces texturées

Unraveling the interaction network of molecules in-vivo is key to understanding the mechanisms that regulate cell function and metabolism. A multitude of ...

Biologie

Chemically-blocked Antibody Microarray for Multiplexed High-throughput Profiling of Specific Protein Glycosylation in Complex Samples

In this study, we describe an effective protocol for use in a multiplexed high-throughput antibody microarray with glycan binding protein detection that allows for the glycosylation profiling of specific proteins. Glycosylation of proteins is the most prevalent post-translational modification found on proteins, and leads diversified modifications of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of proteins. Because the glycosylation machinery is particularly susceptible to disease progression and malignant transformation, aberrant glycosylation has been recognized as early detection biomarkers for cancer and other diseases. However, current methods to study protein glycosylation typically are too complicated or expensive for use in most normal laboratory or clinical settings and a more practical method to study protein glycosylation is needed. The new protocol described in this study makes use of a chemically blocked antibody microarray with glycan-binding protein (GBP) detection and significantly reduces the time, cost, and lab equipment requirements needed to study protein glycosylation. In this method, multiple immobilized glycoprotein-specific antibodies are printed directly onto the microarray slides and the N-glycans on the antibodies are blocked. The blocked, immobilized glycoprotein-specific antibodies are able to capture and isolate glycoproteins from a complex sample that is applied directly onto the microarray slides. Glycan detection then can be performed by the application of biotinylated lectins and other GBPs to the microarray slide, while binding levels can be determined using Dylight 549-Streptavidin. Through the use of an antibody panel and probing with multiple biotinylated lectins, this method allows for an effective glycosylation profile of the different proteins found in a given human or animal sample to be developed.
Introduction
Glycosylation of protein, which is the most ubiquitous post-translational modification on proteins, modifies the physical, chemical, and biological properties of a protein, and plays a fundamental role in various biological processes1-6. Because the glycosylation machinery is particularly susceptible to disease progression and malignant transformation, aberrant glycosylation has been recognized as early detection biomarkers for cancer and other diseases 7-12. In fact, most current cancer biomarkers, such as the L3 fraction of &alpha;-1 fetoprotein (AFP) for hepatocellular carcinoma 13-15, and CA199 for pancreatic cancer 16, 17 are all aberrant glycan moieties on glycoproteins. However, methods to study protein glycosylation have been complicated, and not suitable for routine laboratory and clinical settings. Chen et al. has recently invented a chemically blocked antibody microarray with a glycan-binding protein (GBP) detection method for high-throughput and multiplexed profile glycosylation of native glycoproteins in a complex sample 18. In this affinity based microarray method, multiple immobilized glycoprotein-specific antibodies capture and isolate glycoproteins from the complex mixture directly on the microarray slide, and the glycans on each individual captured protein are measured by GBPs. Because all normal antibodies contain N-glycans which could be recognized by most GBPs, the critical step of this method is to chemically block the glycans on the antibodies from binding to GBP. In the procedure, the cis-diol groups of the glycans on the antibodies were first oxidized to aldehyde groups by using NaIO4 in sodium acetate buffer avoiding light. The aldehyde groups were then conjugated to the hydrazide group of a cross-linker, 4-(4-N-MaleimidoPhenyl)butyric acid Hydrazide HCl (MPBH), followed by the conjugation of a dipeptide, Cys-Gly, to the maleimide group of the MPBH. Thus, the cis-diol groups on glycans of antibodies were converted into bulky none hydroxyl groups, which hindered the lectins and other GBPs bindings to the capture antibodies. This blocking procedure makes the GBPs and lectins bind only to the glycans of captured proteins. After this chemically blocking, serum samples were incubated with the antibody microarray, followed by the glycans detection by using different biotinylated lectins and GBPs, and visualized with Cy3-streptavidin. The parallel use of an antibody panel and multiple lectin probing provides discrete glycosylation profiles of multiple proteins in a given sample 18-20. This method has been used successfully in multiple different labs 1, 7, 13, 19-31. However, stability of MPBH and Cys-Gly, complicated and extended procedure in this method affect the reproducibility, effectiveness and efficiency of the method. In this new protocol, we replaced both MPBH and Cys-Gly with one much more stable reagent glutamic acid hydrazide (Glu-hydrazide), which significantly improved the reproducibility of the method, simplified and shorten the whole procedure so that the it can be completed within one working day. In this new protocol, we describe the detailed procedure of the protocol which can be readily adopted by normal labs for routine protein glycosylation study and techniques which are necessary to obtain reproducible and repeatable results.

In this study, we describe an improved protocol for a multiplexed high-throughput antibody microarray with lectin detection method that can be used in glycosylation profiling of specific proteins. This protocol features new reliable reagents and significantly reduces the time, cost, and lab equipment requirements as compared to the previous procedure.

Microarray Anticorps chimiquement bloqué pour multiplexée à haut débit de profilage de glycosylation des protéines spécifiques dans les échantillons complexes

 In this study, we describe an effective protocol for use in a multiplexed high-throughput antibody microarray with glycan binding protein detection that ...

Discovering Protein Interactions and Characterizing Protein Function Using HaloTag Technology

Research in proteomics has exploded in recent years with advances in mass spectrometry capabilities that have led to the characterization of numerous proteomes, including those from viruses, bacteria, and yeast.&#160; In comparison, analysis of the human proteome lags behind, partially due to the sheer number of proteins which must be studied, but also the complexity of networks and interactions these present. To specifically address the challenges of understanding the human proteome, we have developed HaloTag technology for protein isolation, particularly strong for isolation of multiprotein complexes and allowing more efficient capture of weak or transient interactions and/or proteins in low abundance. &#160;HaloTag is a genetically encoded protein fusion tag, designed for covalent, specific, and rapid immobilization or labelling of proteins with various ligands. Leveraging these properties, numerous applications for mammalian cells were developed to characterize protein function and here we present methodologies including: protein pull-downs used for discovery of novel interactions or functional assays, and cellular localization. We find significant advantages in the speed, specificity, and covalent capture of fusion proteins to surfaces for proteomic analysis as compared to other traditional non-covalent approaches. We demonstrate these and the broad utility of the technology using two important epigenetic proteins as examples, the human bromodomain protein BRD4, and histone deacetylase HDAC1.&#160; These examples demonstrate the power of this technology in enabling &#160;the discovery of novel interactions and characterizing cellular localization in eukaryotes, which will together further understanding of human functional proteomics. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;

HaloTag technology is a multifunctional technology which has shown significant success in isolation of both small and large protein complexes from mammalian cells.&#160; Here we highlight the advantages of this technology compared to existing alternatives and demonstrate its utility to study numerous aspects of protein function inside eukaryotic cells.

Découvrir interactions des protéines et caractérisation de protéines de fonction utilisant la technologie HaloTag

Research in proteomics has exploded in recent years with advances in mass spectrometry capabilities that have led to the characterization of numerous ...

Identifying Protein-protein Interaction Sites Using Peptide Arrays

Protein-protein interactions mediate most of the processes in the living cell and control homeostasis of the organism. Impaired protein interactions may result in disease, making protein interactions important drug targets. It is thus highly important to understand these interactions at the molecular level. Protein interactions are studied using a variety of techniques ranging from cellular and biochemical assays to quantitative biophysical assays, and these may be performed either with full-length proteins, with protein domains or with peptides. Peptides serve as excellent tools to study protein interactions since peptides can be easily synthesized and allow the focusing on specific interaction sites. Peptide arrays enable the identification of the interaction sites between two proteins as well as screening for peptides that bind the target protein for therapeutic purposes. They also allow high throughput SAR studies. For identification of binding sites, a typical peptide array usually contains partly overlapping 10-20 residues peptides derived from the full sequences of one or more partner proteins of the desired target protein. Screening the array for binding the target protein reveals the binding peptides, corresponding to the binding sites in the partner proteins, in an easy and fast method using only small amount of protein.
In this article we describe a protocol for screening peptide arrays for mapping the interaction sites between a target protein and its partners. The peptide array is designed based on the sequences of the partner proteins taking into account their secondary structures. The arrays used in this protocol were Celluspots arrays prepared by INTAVIS Bioanalytical Instruments. The array is blocked to prevent unspecific binding and then incubated with the studied protein. Detection using an antibody reveals the binding peptides corresponding to the specific interaction sites between the proteins.

Peptide array screening is a high throughput assay for identifying protein-protein interaction sites. This allows mapping multiple interactions of a target protein and can serve as a method for identifying sites for inhibitors that target a protein. Here we describe a protocol for screening and analyzing peptide arrays.

Identifier les sites d&#39;interaction protéine-protéine à l&#39;aide de peptides tableaux

Protein-protein interactions mediate most of the processes in the living cell and control homeostasis of the organism. Impaired protein interactions may ...

Genome-wide Protein-protein Interaction Screening by Protein-fragment Complementation Assay (PCA) in Living Cells

Proteins are the building blocks, effectors and signal mediators of cellular processes. A protein&#8217;s function, regulation and localization often depend on its interactions with other proteins. Here, we describe a protocol for the yeast protein-fragment complementation assay (PCA), a powerful method to detect direct and proximal associations between proteins in living cells. The interaction between two proteins, each fused to a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) protein fragment, translates into growth of yeast strains in presence of the drug methotrexate (MTX). Differential fitness, resulting from different amounts of reconstituted DHFR enzyme, can be quantified on high-density colony arrays, allowing to differentiate interacting from non-interacting bait-prey pairs. The high-throughput protocol presented here is performed using a robotic platform that parallelizes mating of bait and prey strains carrying complementary DHFR-fragment fusion proteins and the survival assay on MTX. This protocol allows to systematically test for thousands of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) involving bait proteins of interest and offers several advantages over other PPI detection assays, including the study of proteins expressed from their endogenous promoters without the need for modifying protein localization and for the assembly of complex reporter constructs.

Genome-wide Protein-protein Interaction Screening by Protein-fragment Complementation Assay PCA in Living Cells

Proteins interact with each other and these interactions determine in a large part their functions. Protein interaction partners can be identified at high-throughput in vivo using a yeast fitness assay based on the dihydrofolate reductase protein-fragment complementation assay (DHFR-PCA).

L&#39;échelle du génome interaction protéine-protéine Le dépistage par Protein-fragment complémentation Assay (PCA) dans les cellules vivantes

Proteins are the building blocks, effectors and signal mediators of cellular processes. A protein&#8217;s function, regulation and localization often ...

Détection haute sensibilité de la liaison de protéines composées par fluorescence

Detection of CD40 Protein-Umbelliferone Interaction via Differential Scanning Fluorescence

The investigation of interactions between different molecules is a crucial aspect of understanding disease pathogenesis and screening for drug targets. Umbelliferone, an active ingredient in Tibetan medicine Vicatia thibetica, exhibits an immunomodulatory effect with an unknown mechanism. The CD40 protein is a key target in the immune response. Therefore, this study employs the principle of differential scanning fluorescence technology to analyze the interactions between CD40 protein and umbelliferone using fluorescent enzyme markers. Initially, the stability of the protein fluorescent orange dye was experimentally verified, and the optimal dilution ratio of 1:500 was determined. Subsequently, it was observed that the temperature melting (Tm) value of CD40 protein tended to decrease with an increase in concentration. Interestingly, the interaction between CD40 protein and umbelliferone was found to enhance the thermal stability of CD40 protein. This study represents the first attempt to detect the binding potential of small molecule compounds and proteins using fluorescence microplates and fluorescent dyes. The technique is characterized by high sensitivity and accuracy, promising advancements in the fields of protein stability, protein structure, and protein-ligand interactions, thus facilitating further research and exploration.

Pleins feux sur l’auteur : Rationaliser les méthodes de PCR pour une accessibilité et une efficacité accrues

This protocol describes a unique method for detecting the binding between compounds and protein molecules, offering the advantages of minimal protein sample loss and high data accuracy.

Détection de l’interaction protéine-ombellifère CD40 par fluorescence différentielle

The investigation of interactions between different molecules is a crucial aspect of understanding disease pathogenesis and screening for drug targets. ...

Sondage haute densité fonctionnels des puces à protéines pour détecter les interactions protéine-protéine

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