Name: handheld metal detector screening for metallic foreign body ingestion in children
Uploaded: 2018-09-11T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 4 min 55 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children at JoVE.com

Les auteurs remercient Dr Lee Khai Pin, tête & hôpital Consultant Senior, enfants d’urgence, KK femmes et enfants, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapour du support administratif avec la production de la vidéo de l’article. Article reproduit avec la permission de « Poche métal détecteur pour métalliques étrangers corps Ingestion in Pediatric Emergency » ; Août 2018:85 (8) : 618-624 ; Pascaline Binte Hamzah, vigile James, Suraj Manickam Sashikumar Ganapathy : copyright The Indian Journal of Pediatrics.

Le protocole suit les directives du Comité d’éthique institutionnel de la recherche humaine. Le jury d’examen de l’établissement central fourni l’approbation éthique pour l’étude.
1. le participant de dépistage
<ol><li>Recruter des patients qui se présentent au service des urgences pédiatrique avec histoire d’ingestion de corps étrangers.</li>
	<li>Exclure les patients qui sont en détresse respiratoire et a implanté des périphériques tels que pace makers.</li>
</ol>2. préparer le Patient
<ol><li>Habiller le patient dans une chemise d’hôpital.</li>
	<li>Supprimer tous les éléments pouvant contenir des objets métalliques tels que vêtements, lunettes, boucles d’oreilles, pendentifs et ornements avant l’examen pour éviter toute interférence avec la projection de DMOM.</li>
	<li>Installer le patient dans le centre de la pièce loin d’autres interférences potentielles métalliques.</li>
</ol>3. préparer l’examinateur et les aidants naturels
<ol><li>Retirez tous les accessoires métalliques tels que bijoux et montres.</li>
	<li>Demander l’aidant à enlever tous les accessoires métalliques tels que bijoux et montres.</li>
</ol>4. détecteur de dépistage
<ol><li>Le DMOM (Figure 1) permet d’effectuer l’examen préalable.</li>
	<li>Confirmer l’état de fonctionnement de la DMOM en suscitant un signal audiovisuel positif en ondulant sur un morceau de métal.</li>
	<li>Effectuer le DMOM numérisation en position debout pour les enfants plus grands.</li>
	<li>Effectuer le DMOM numérisation en position debout pour les nourrissons en ayant la cale aidant le patient convenablement.</li>
	<li>Tenez les mains du patient vers le haut et loin du corps.</li>
	<li>Positionner la tête du patient en extension pour exposer le col.</li>
	<li>Numériser à partir du niveau du menton au niveau de l’articulation de la hanche pour couvrir les zones anatomiques du cou au bassin.</li>
	<li>Effectuer l’analyse d’une manière de zig-zag à travers le corps pour s’assurer que tous les domaines a été scanné.</li>
	<li>Scan tous les deux vers l’avant et vers l’arrière comme l’épaisseur du patient doit être prise en considération.</li>
	<li>Notez soigneusement le signal audiovisuel positif lors de la numérisation de la présence du GPRA.</li>
</ol>5. effectuer la radiographie pertinente
<ol><li>Commander la radiographie pertinente du cou, la poitrine ou l’abdomen, selon la zone détectée par la projection de DMOM pour le GPRA.</li>
	<li>Procéder à toutes les vues de rayons x (cou, thorax et abdomen) si le BMF n’a pas été décelé au cours de la projection de DMOM et l’indice clinique de suspicion pour ingestion de corps étranger est élevée.</li>
</ol>6. enregistrer les résultats des tests
<ol><li>Record les résultats des tests dans le journal de bord (Figure 2) créées spécifiquement basé sur le flux de travail (Figure 1).</li>
	<li>Corrélation entre le signal positif de la DMOM audiovisuels avec le point de repère osseux sous-jacent sur le corps, en palpant les suivant des repères osseux - encoche sternal, xiphisternum, symphyse pubienne et la crête iliaque bilatérale.</li>
	<li>Enregistrer le point de repère sur le contour de référence anatomique du journal de bord avant de procéder à l’examen aux rayons x.</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Lee, J., Ahmad, S., Gale, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+coins+ingested+by+children+using+a+handheld+metal+detector:+a+systematic+review.">Detection of coins ingested by children using a handheld metal detector: a systematic review.</a> Emergency Medicine Journal. 22 (12), 839-844 (2005).</li><li>Hesham A-Kader, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Foreign+body+ingestion:+children+like+to+put+objects+in+their+mouth.">Foreign body ingestion: children like to put objects in their mouth.</a> World Journal of Pediatrics. 6 (4), 301-310 (2010).</li><li>Muensterer, O. 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Q., Ainoedhofer, H., G&#246;ssler, A., Schleef, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+a+hand-held+metal+detector+for+localisation+of+ingested+metallic+foreign+bodies+-+a+critical+investigation.">The use of a hand-held metal detector for localisation of ingested metallic foreign bodies - a critical investigation.</a> European Journal of Pediatrics. 163 (4-5), 257-259 (2004).</li><li>Kay, M., Wyllie, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pediatric+foreign+bodies+and+their+management.">Pediatric foreign bodies and their management.</a> Current Gastroenterology Reports. 7 (3), 212-218 (2005).</li><li>Rothmann, B. F., Boeckman, C. 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W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluoroscopic+foley+catheter+removal+of+esophageal+foreign+bodies+in+children:+experience+with+415+episodes.">Fluoroscopic foley catheter removal of esophageal foreign bodies in children: experience with 415 episodes.</a> Pediatrics. 94 (5), 709-714 (1994).</li><li>Kerschner, J. E., Beste, D. J., Conley, S. F., Kenna, M. A., Lee, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mediastinitis+associated+with+foreign+body+erosion+of+the+esophagus+in+children.">Mediastinitis associated with foreign body erosion of the esophagus in children.</a> International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 59 (2), 89-97 (2001).</li><li>Ahn, D., Heo, S. J., Park, J. H., Sohn, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tracheoesophageal+fistula+with+tracheal+stenosis+resulting+from+retained+esophageal+foreign+body.">Tracheoesophageal fistula with tracheal stenosis resulting from retained esophageal foreign body.</a> Auris Nasus Larynx. 38 (6), 753-756 (2011).</li><li>Dahiya, M., Denton, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Esophagoaortic+perforation+by+foreign+body+(coin)+causing+sudden+death+in+a+3-year-old+child.">Esophagoaortic perforation by foreign body (coin) causing sudden death in a 3-year-old child.</a> The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology. 20 (2), 184-188 (1999).</li><li>O'Brien, G. C., Winter, D. C., Kirwan, W. O., Redmond, H. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ingested+foreign+bodies+in+the+paediatric+patient.">Ingested foreign bodies in the paediatric patient.</a> Irish Journal of Medical Science. 170 (2), 100-102 (2001).</li><li>Bassett, K. E., Schunk, J. E., Logan, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Localizing+ingested+coins+with+a+metal+detector.">Localizing ingested coins with a metal detector.</a> The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 17 (4), 338-341 (1999).</li><li>Gooden, E. A., Forte, V., Papsin, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+a+commercially+available+metal+detector+for+the+localization+of+metallic+foreign+body+ingestion+in+children.">Use of a commercially available metal detector for the localization of metallic foreign body ingestion in children.</a> The Journal of Otolaryngology. 29 (4), 218-220 (2000).</li><li>Sacchetti, A., Carraccio, C., Lichenstein, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hand-held+metal+detector+identification+of+ingested+foreign+bodies.">Hand-held metal detector identification of ingested foreign bodies.</a> Pediatric Emergency Care. 10 (4), 204-207 (1994).</li><li>Hamzah, H. B., James, V., Manickam, S., Ganapathy, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Handheld+Metal+Detector+for+Metallic+Foreign+Body+Ingestion+in+Pediatric+Emergency.">Handheld Metal Detector for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Pediatric Emergency.</a> Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 85 (8), 618-624 (2018).</li><li>Doraiswamy, N. V., Baig, H., Hallam, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metal+detector+and+swallowed+metal+foreign+bodies+in+children.">Metal detector and swallowed metal foreign bodies in children.</a> Journal of Accident &amp; Emergency Medicine. 16 (2), 123-125 (1999).</li><li>Seikel, K., Primm, P. A., Elizondo, B. J., Remley, K. 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Les auteurs n’ont rien à divulguer.

Métallique étrangère ingestion de corps chez les enfants est un problème commun et dans la majorité des patients, c’est géré prudemment7,16. Les radiographies unique ou répétées peuvent exposer la population pédiatrique radiosensible risque de rayonnements non désirés tout en essayant de localiser les corps étrangers métalliques ingérés. Plusieurs études ont décrit l’utilisation de détecteurs de métaux à l’ingestion de MFB chez les enf...

Ingestion de corps étranger est un problème très répandu chez les enfants présentant au service d’urgence pédiatrique en raison de la nature naturel curieuse des nourrissons et des enfants à la découverte des objets en dégustation et en avalant les1,2. Des études antérieures ont signalé que des objets métalliques a constitué à 85 % de tous les ingestions de corps étranger dans leur cohorte de patients3,4. Ce protocole vise à évaluer l’exactitude et la possibilité d’utiliser un détecteur de métal portatif pour détecter des corps étrangers métalliques ingérés chez les enfants. Nous proposons qu’en introduisant le détecteur de métaux portatif protocole tôt dans le processus de triage des enfants avec une forte suspicion d’ingestion de corps étrangers métalliques de dépistage, le nombre des radiographies avoir reçu l’ordre de localiser les corps étrangers métalliques peuvent être réduit à cette population radiosensible.
Détecteur de métaux portatif (DMOM) est un complément peu coûteux, facile d’accès qui peut aider à accélérer la gestion des corps étrangers métalliques ingérés. Détecteur de métaux est un dispositif très basse fréquence, qui dispose d’un récepteur et un émetteur qui détecte le changement dans son champ électromagnétique causée par la présence d’un objet métallique dans ses environs3. Si un objet métallique dans le champ, le champ électromagnétique est perturbé et le capteur va déclencher une alarme audiovisuelle sur le dispositif4. L’examen de détecteur de métaux peut être soigneusement effectuée en moins de 2 minutes5. Par conséquent, la projection de DMOM peut être introduite tôt dans le processus de triage des enfants avec une forte suspicion d’ingestion de corps étrangers métalliques pour la localisation topographique.
Les pièces sont les plus courantes avalé les corps étrangers métalliques1,4,6,7. En raison de l’absence d’arêtes vives et non-toxique généralité, la majorité des ingestions de pièce est gérée avec prudence. D’autres types de matériaux ingérés communément incluent aimants, piles boutons, petits jouets, arachides, bijoux, boutons, OS, graines et popcorn8,9. Impaction des corps étrangers survient le plus souvent dans le œsophage dans trois sites, à savoir du sphincter oesophagien supérieur, Mid-oesophage au niveau de la crosse aortique et de sphincter oesophagien inférieur10. Les corps étrangers métalliques (GPRA) situés dans le œsophage peuvent être asymptomatiques dans 40 % des patients11,12 et son impaction prolongée peut conduire à des complications diverses comme la perforation oesophagienne, médiastinite, fistule trachéo-oesophagienne, sténose trachéale et fistules aorto-oesophagien1,13,14,15. Autres lieux d’impaction de corps étranger inclure pylore, duodénum et10de la jonction iléo-cæcal.
Effectuer des radiographies du cou, thorax et abdomen pour diagnostiquer soupçonnés d’ingestion de corps étrangers est une pratique très répandue dans les départements d’urgence5. Parmi tous les types des corps étrangers ingérés, seulement 10 % sont radio-opaques10. Les examens radiologiques sont coûteuses en temps et ont un risque d’exposition aux radiations chez les enfants. Une localisation topographique précise d’objets métalliques ingérés est très cruciale pour guider le traitement. L’introduction de DMOM dépistage tôt dans le processus de triage peut aider à atténuer étrangères ordonnant des radiographies en topographiquement localisant les corps étrangers métalliques ingérés.
Cette étude a évalué l’exactitude des DMOM pour localiser le GPRA de façon systématique topographique et déterminé l’efficacité et la faisabilité de DMOM dans la population pédiatrique. Nous avons également examiné comment bien ce rayonnement libre outil de dépistage a été accepté par les patients et les parents. Entre mai et juillet 2016, tous les patients consécutifs qui a présenté à l’urgence pédiatrique avec une histoire d’ingestion de corps étrangers ont participé à l’étude. Le consentement éclairé a été obtenu du parent ou tuteur légal. Les patients avec l’ingestion de corps étrangers présumés ont été systématiquement numérisés dans DMOM. L’étalon-or des soins pour l’identification et la localisation des corps étrangers métalliques ingérés effectue des radiographies simples de la zone cervicale, thorax et abdomen. Afin de faciliter la réalisation de l’étude, un flux de travail normalisé a été créé (Figure 1). Un journal de bord spécialement créé à partir du flux de travail a permis de recueillir les données initiales, qui ont été transcrits par la suite dans une feuille de calcul (Figure 2). Les données dans la section de résultat sont dépeints comme le nombre de cas, suivie de pourcentages.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Hand held metal detector</td><td>Garrett Super Scanner V</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td></tr></tbody></table>

handheld metal detector screening for metallic foreign body ingestion in children

Pièces de monnaie sont les corps étrangers métalliques ingérés plus courantes chez les enfants. Ce protocole vise à évaluer l’exactitude et la possibilité d’utiliser un détecteur de métal portatif pour détecter des corps étrangers métalliques ingérés chez les enfants. Nous proposons qu’en introduisant le dépistage de détecteur de métaux portatif tôt dans le processus de triage des enfants avec une forte suspicion d’ingestion de corps étrangers métalliques, le nombre de radiographies, avoir reçu l’ordre de localiser les corps étrangers métalliques peut être réduit dans ce radio-sensible à la population. Le protocole de l’étude nécessite l’examen préalable des participants de l’histoire de l’ingestion de corps étrangers et l’exclusion des personnes souffrant de détresse respiratoire ou implants métalliques. Le patient passe à la chemise d’hôpital et les éléments qui pourraient contenir du métal comme lunettes, boucles d’oreilles, pendentifs et ornements sont supprimés. Le patient est placé dans le centre de la pièce loin d’autres interférences métalliques. L’état de fonctionnement du détecteur de métal portatif est tout d’abord confirmé en suscitant un signal audiovisuel positif. Ensuite la sélection se fait dans une posture droite avec la tête en extension pour exposer au cou, au niveau du menton au niveau de l’articulation de la hanche, pour couvrir les zones anatomiques du cou au bassin de façon zig-zag tant vers l’avant et vers l’arrière. Un signal audiovisuel positif est soigneusement noté lors de la numérisation de la présence de corps étrangers métalliques. Les radiographies sont classés selon la zone détectée sur la projection de détecteur de métaux. Le détecteur de métaux portatif a été en mesure d’identifier avec précision toutes les pièces parmi les corps étrangers métalliques ingérés dans notre étude. Le détecteur de métaux portatif n’a pas pu toujours détecter non-pièce corps étrangers métalliques. Ce protocole montre l’exactitude du détecteur de métaux portatif à l’identification et la localisation des pièces et des pièces comme des corps étrangers métalliques.

Les chercheurs ont recrutement 36 patients pour cette étude observationnelle. Ces patients ont présenté au service des urgences pédiatrique avec une histoire d’ingestion de corps étrangers. Parmi celles-ci, 28 patients ont eu ingestion de corps étranger métallique (Figure 3). Les 8 autres patients avaient ingéré des corps étrangers non métalliques tels que les arêtes de poisson, bâton de satay et bouton en plastique. Pièces de monnaie sont le ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children at JoVE.com

Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Nous présentons ici un protocole pour utiliser le détecteur de métaux portatif, pour dépister la présence des corps étrangers métalliques ingérés chez les enfants qui présentent pour le département de médecine d’urgence pédiatrique et ayant des antécédents d’ingestion de corps étrangers.

Détecteur de métaux portatif de dépistage pour l’Ingestion de corps étrangers métalliques chez les enfants

Coins are the most common ingested metallic foreign bodies among children. The goal of this protocol is to assess the accuracy and feasibility of using a ...

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10.6K vues.  KK women's and Children's Hospital. Nous présentons ici un protocole pour utiliser le détecteur de métaux portatif, pour dépister la présence des corps étrangers métalliques ingérés chez les enfants qui présentent pour le département de médecine d’urgence pédiatrique et ayant des antécédents d’ingestion de corps étrangers.

Vidéo: Handheld Metal Detector Screening for Metallic Foreign Body Ingestion in Children

Bacterial Detection &amp; Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

Electrochemical sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of analytes. Electrochemical sensors operate by transducing a biological recognition event into a useful electrical signal. Signal transduction occurs by coupling the activity of a redox enzyme to an amperometric electrode. Sensor specificity is either an inherent characteristic of the enzyme, glucose oxidase in the case of a glucose sensor, or a product of linkage between the enzyme and an antibody or probe.
Here, we describe an electrochemical sensor assay method to directly detect and identify bacteria. In every case, the probes described here are DNA oligonucleotides. This method is based on sandwich hybridization of capture and detector probes with target ribosomal RNA (rRNA). The capture probe is anchored to the sensor surface, while the detector probe is linked to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). When a substrate such as 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) is added to an electrode with capture-target-detector complexes bound to its surface, the substrate is oxidized by HRP and reduced by the working electrode. This redox cycle results in shuttling of electrons by the substrate from the electrode to HRP, producing current flow in the electrode.

Bacterial Detection & Identification Using Electrochemical Sensors

We describe an electrochemical sensor assay method for rapid bacterial detection and identification. The assay involves a sensor array functionalized with DNA oligonucleotide capture probes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA) species-specific sequences. Sandwich hybridization of target rRNA with the capture probe and a horseradish peroxidase-linked DNA oligonucleotide detector probe produces a measurable amperometric current.

Bacterial Detection &amp; identification au moyen de capteurs électrochimiques

Electrochemical  sensors are widely used for rapid and accurate measurement of blood glucose and  can be adapted for detection of a wide variety of ...

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Bio-ingénierie

Protocol for the Evaluation of MRI Artifacts Caused by Metal Implants to Assess the Suitability of Implants and the Vulnerability of Pulse Sequences

As the number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and patients with medical implants is constantly growing, radiologists increasingly encounter metallic implant-related artifacts in MRI, resulting in reduced image quality. Therefore, the MRI suitability of implants in terms of artifact volume, as well as the development of pulse sequences to reduce image artifacts, are becoming more and more important. Here, we present a comprehensive protocol which allows for a standardized evaluation of the artifact volume of implants on MRI. Furthermore, this protocol can be used to analyze the vulnerability of different pulse sequences to artifacts. The proposed protocol can be applied to T1- and T2-weighted images with or without fat-suppression and all passive implants. Furthermore, the procedure enables the separate and three-dimensional identification of signal loss and pile-up artifacts. As previous investigations differed greatly in evaluation methods, the comparability of their results was limited. Thus, standardized measurements of MRI artifact volumes are necessary to provide better comparability. This may improve the development of the MRI suitability of implants and better pulse sequences to finally improve patient care.

We describe a standardized method to evaluate magnetic resonance imaging artifacts caused by implants to estimate the suitability of the implants for magnetic resonance imaging and/or the vulnerability of different pulse sequences to metallic artifacts simultaneously.

Protocole pour l’évaluation de MRI artefacts causés par le métal Implants pour évaluer les qualités des Implants et la vulnérabilité des séquences d’impulsions

As the number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners and patients with medical implants is constantly growing, radiologists increasingly encounter ...

Ingénierie

Making MR Imaging Child's Play - Pediatric Neuroimaging Protocol, Guidelines and Procedure

Within the last decade there has been an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural basis of human perception, cognition and behavior 1, 2. Moreover, this non-invasive imaging method has grown into a tool for clinicians and researchers to explore typical and atypical brain development. Although advances in neuroimaging tools and techniques are apparent, (f)MRI in young pediatric populations remains relatively infrequent 2. Practical as well as technical challenges when imaging children present clinicians and research teams with a unique set of problems 3, 2. To name just a few, the child participants are challenged by a need for motivation, alertness and cooperation. Anxiety may be an additional factor to be addressed. Researchers or clinicians need to consider time constraints, movement restriction, scanner background noise and unfamiliarity with the MR scanner environment2,4-10. A progressive use of functional and structural neuroimaging in younger age groups, however, could further add to our understanding of brain development. As an example, several research groups are currently working towards early detection of developmental disorders, potentially even before children present associated behavioral characteristics e.g.11. Various strategies and techniques have been reported as a means to ensure comfort and cooperation of young children during neuroimaging sessions. Play therapy 12, behavioral approaches 13, 14,15, 16-18 and simulation 19, the use of mock scanner areas 20,21, basic relaxation 22 and a combination of these techniques 23 have all been shown to improve the participant's compliance and thus MRI data quality. Even more importantly, these strategies have proven to increase the comfort of families and children involved 12. One of the main advances of such techniques for the clinical practice is the possibility of avoiding sedation or general anesthesia (GA) as a way to manage children's compliance during MR imaging sessions 19,20. In the current video report, we present a pediatric neuroimaging protocol with guidelines and procedures that have proven to be successful to date in young children.

Despite an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans, the study of young pediatric populations remains a challenge. We present a hands-on, step-by-step video protocol including guidelines for clinicians and researchers intending to perform (f)MRI in young children.

Faire jouer IRM enfant - Protocole neuroimagerie pédiatrique, lignes directrices et la procédure

Within the last decade there has been an increase in the use of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural ...

Biologie

Ferromagnetic Bare Metal Stent for Endothelial Cell Capture and Retention

Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. The feasibility of using magnetic forces to capture and retain endothelial outgrowth cells (EOC) labeled with super paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) has been shown previously. But this technique requires the development of a mechanically functional stent from a magnetic and biocompatible material followed by in-vitro and in-vivo testing to prove rapid endothelialization. We developed a weakly ferromagnetic stent from 2205 duplex stainless steel using computer aided design (CAD) and its design was further refined using finite element analysis (FEA). The final design of the stent exhibited a principal strain below the fracture limit of the material during mechanical crimping and expansion. One hundred stents were manufactured and a subset of them was used for mechanical testing, retained magnetic field measurements, in-vitro cell capture studies, and in-vivo implantation studies. Ten stents were tested for deployment to verify if they sustained crimping and expansion cycle without failure. Another 10 stents were magnetized using a strong neodymium magnet and their retained magnetic field was measured. The stents showed that the retained magnetism was sufficient to capture SPION-labeled EOC in our in-vitro studies. SPION-labeled EOC capture and retention was verified in large animal models by implanting 1 magnetized stent and 1 non-magnetized control stent in each of 4 pigs. The stented arteries were explanted after 7 days and analyzed histologically. The weakly magnetic stents developed in this study were capable of attracting and retaining SPION-labeled endothelial cells which can promote rapid healing.

Our goals were to design, manufacture and test ferromagnetic stents for endothelial cell capture. Ten stents were tested for fracture and 10 more stents were tested for retained magnetism. Finally, 10 stents were tested in-vitro and 8 more stents were implanted in 4 pigs to show cell capture and retention.

Ferromagnétique Bare Metal Stent pour endothéliale capture de cellules et de la conservation

Rapid endothelialization of cardiovascular stents is needed to reduce stent thrombosis and to avoid anti-platelet therapy which can reduce bleeding risk. ...

Preparation and Application of a New Bacterial Biosensor for the Presumptive Detection of Gunshot Residue

MicRoboCop is a biosensor that has been designed for a unique application in forensic chemistry. MicRoboCop is a system made up of three devices that, when used together, can indicate the presence of gunshot residue (GSR) by producing a fluorescence signal in the presence of three key analytes (antimony, lead, and organic components of GSR). The protocol describes the synthesis of the biosensors using Escherichia coli (E. coli), and the analytical chemistry methods used to evaluate the selectivity and sensitivity of the sensors. The functioning of the system is demonstrated by using GSR collected from the inside of a spent cartridge casing. Once prepared, the biosensors can be stored until needed and can be used as a test for these key analytes. A positive response from all three analytes provides a presumptive positive test for GSR, while each individual device has applications for detecting the analytes in other samples (e.g., a detector for lead contamination in drinking water). The main limitation of the system is the time required for a positive signal; future work may involve studying different organisms to optimize the response time.

A protocol is presented using synthetic biology techniques to synthesize a set of bacterial biosensors for the analysis of gunshot residue, and to test the functioning of the devices for their intended use using fluorescence spectroscopy.

Préparation et application d’un nouveau Biocapteur bactérien pour la détection présumée de résidus de balles

MicRoboCop is a biosensor that has been designed for a unique application in forensic chemistry. MicRoboCop is a system made up of three devices that, ...

Chimie

Hellgrammite as a Non-Conventional Biomonitor for Surface Water and Environmental Health Assessment

The larvae of dobsonflies from the genus Corydalus, commonly known as Hellgrammites, are characterized by their notable size, extensive range of occurrence, and extended period of immaturity, which can last up to one year. Hellgrammites are clearly known to exhibit sensitivity to pollution and habitat structure impacts. Given these unique features, using Corydalus texanus larvae is highly suitable as reliable biomonitoring agents to assess the ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. This protocol aims to provide the necessary tools for C. texanus assessment and demonstrate their efficacy through a case study. Research findings have practical implications, indicating that C. texanus larvae exhibit early-warning responses to mining pollution, bioaccumulating high amounts of heavy metals such as Zn, Fe, and Al. The presence or absence of C. texanus populations may serve as a helpful indicator for identifying potential issues related to ecosystem health. The unconventional approach has shown early warnings of pollution in mining-impacted sites, highlighting the need for timely action to protect the environment. Given their unique traits, the use of C. texanus larvae is highly suggested as a reliable non-conventional bioindicator.

This protocol describes the use of biomarkers for the early detection of deleterious impacts in aquatic ecosystems. The biomarkers are closely related to sentinel traits, and their changes aid in detecting early-warning damages.

Hellgrammite en tant que biomoniteur non conventionnel pour l’évaluation de la santé des eaux de surface et de l’environnement

The larvae of dobsonflies from the genus Corydalus, commonly known as Hellgrammites, are characterized by their notable size, extensive range of ...

Environnement

Quantification of Metal Leaching in Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography

Contamination of enzymes with metals leached from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) columns poses a major concern for enzymologists, as many of the common di-and trivalent cations used in IMAC resins have an inhibitory effect on enzymes. However, the extent of metal leaching and the impact of various eluting and reducing reagents are poorly understood in large part due to the absence of simple and practical transition metal quantification protocols that use equipment typically available in biochemistry labs. To address this problem, we have developed a protocol to quickly quantify the amount of metal contamination in samples prepared using IMAC as a purification step. The method uses hydroxynaphthol blue (HNB) as a colorimetric indicator for metal cation content in a sample solution and UV-Vis spectroscopy as a means to quantify the amount of metal present, into the nanomolar range, based on the change in the HNB spectrum at 647 nm. While metal content in a solution has historically been determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy or inductively coupled plasma techniques, these methods require specialized equipment and training outside the scope of a typical biochemistry laboratory. The method proposed here provides a simple and fast way for biochemists to determine the metal content of samples using existing equipment and knowledge without sacrificing accuracy.

We present an assay for easy quantification of metals introduced to samples prepared using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The method uses hydroxynaphthol blue as the colorimetric metal indicator and a UV-Vis spectrophotometer as the detector.

Quantification du lixiviation des métaux dans la chromatographie d'affinité métallique immobilisée

Contamination of enzymes with metals leached from immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) columns poses a major concern for enzymologists, as ...

Magnetic Levitation Coupled with Portable Imaging and Analysis for Disease Diagnostics

Currently, many clinical diagnostic procedures are complex, costly, inefficient, and inaccessible to a large population in the world. The requirements for specialized equipment and trained personnel require that many diagnostic tests be performed at remote, centralized clinical laboratories. Magnetic levitation is a simple yet powerful technique and can be applied to levitate cells, which are suspended in a paramagnetic solution and placed in a magnetic field, at a position determined by equilibrium between a magnetic force and a buoyancy force. Here, we present a versatile platform technology designed for point-of-care diagnostics which uses magnetic levitation coupled to microscopic imaging and automated analysis to determine the density distribution of a patient's cells as a useful diagnostic indicator. We present two platforms operating on this principle: (i) a smartphone-compatible version of the technology, where the built-in smartphone camera is used to image cells in the magnetic field and a smartphone application processes the images and to measures the density distribution of the cells and (ii) a self-contained version where a camera board is used to capture images and an embedded processing unit with attached thin-film-transistor (TFT) screen measures and displays the results. Demonstrated applications include: (i) measuring the altered distribution of a cell population with a disease phenotype compared to a healthy phenotype, which is applied to sickle cell disease diagnosis, and (ii) separation of different cell types based on their characteristic densities, which is applied to separate white blood cells from red blood cells for white blood cell cytometry. These applications, as well as future extensions of the essential density-based measurements enabled by this portable, user-friendly platform technology, will significantly enhance disease diagnostic capabilities at the point of care.

We present a magnetic levitation technique coupled with automated imaging and analysis in both a smartphone-compatible device and a device with embedded imaging and processing. This is applied to measure the density distribution of cells with two demonstrated biomedical applications: sickle cell disease diagnosis and separating white and red blood cells.

Lévitation magnétique Couplé avec imagerie portable et d&#39;analyse pour le diagnostic de la maladie

Currently, many clinical diagnostic procedures are complex, costly, inefficient, and inaccessible to a large population in the world. The requirements for ...

Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples

Trichinellosis is a debilitating disease in humans and is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with the nematode larvae of the genus Trichinella. The most important sources of human infections worldwide are game meat and pork or pork products. In many countries, the prevention of human trichinellosis is based on the identification of infected animals by means of the artificial digestion of muscle samples from susceptible animal carcasses.
There are several methods based on the digestion of meat but the magnetic stirrer method is considered the gold standard. This method allows the detection of Trichinella larvae by microscopy after the enzymatic digestion of muscle samples and subsequent filtration and sedimentation steps. Although this method does not require special and expensive equipment, internal controls cannot be used. Therefore, stringent quality management should be applied throughout the test. The aim of the present work is to provide detailed handling instructions and critical control points of the method to analysts, based on the experience of the European Union Reference Laboratory for Parasites and the National Reference Laboratory of Germany for Trichinella.

Magnetic Stirrer Method for the Detection of Trichinella Larvae in Muscle Samples

The prevention of human trichinellosis in many countries worldwide is based on the laboratory examination of muscle samples from susceptible animals by methods of digestion, of which the magnetic stirrer method is considered the gold standard.

Méthode Agitateur magnétique pour la détection des<em&gt; Trichinella</em&gt; Larves dans les échantillons de muscle

Trichinellosis is a debilitating disease in humans and is caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked meat of animals infected with the nematode ...

Immunologie et infection

Foodborne Pathogen Screening Using Magneto-fluorescent Nanosensor: Rapid Detection of E. Coli O157:H7

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 has been linked to both waterborne and foodborne illnesses, and remains a threat despite the food- and water-screening methods used currently. While conventional bacterial detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) can specifically detect pathogenic contaminants, they require extensive sample preparation and lengthy waiting periods. In addition, these practices demand sophisticated laboratory instruments and settings, and must be executed by trained professionals. Herein, a protocol is proposed for a simpler diagnostic technique that features the unique combination of magnetic and fluorescent parameters in a nanoparticle-based platform. The proposed multiparametric magneto-fluorescent nanosensors (MFnS) can detect E. coli O157:H7 contamination with as little as 1 colony-forming unit present in solution within less than 1 h. Furthermore, the ability of MFnS to remain highly functional in complex media such as milk and lake water has been verified. Additional specificity assays were also used to demonstrate the ability of MFnS to only detect the specific target bacteria, even in the presence of similar bacterial species. The pairing of magnetic and fluorescent modalities allows for the detection and quantification of pathogen contamination in a wide range of concentrations, exhibiting its high performance in both early- and late-stage contamination detection. The effectiveness, affordability, and portability of the MFnS make them an ideal candidate for point-of-care screening for bacterial contaminants in a wide range of settings, from aquatic reservoirs to commercially packaged foods.

Foodborne Pathogen Screening Using Magneto-fluorescent Nanosensor: Rapid Detection of E. Coli O157:H7

The overall goal of this protocol is to synthesize functional nanosensors for the portable, cost-effective, and rapid detection of specifically targeted pathogenic bacteria through a combination of magnetic relaxation and fluorescence emission modalities.

Détecteur de métaux portatif de dépistage pour l’Ingestion de corps étrangers métalliques chez les enfants

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