a-general-method-for-evaluating-deep-brain-stimulation-effects-on

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration

Substance use disorders, particularly to methamphetamine, are devastating, relapsing diseases that disproportionally affect young people.  There is a need ...

Louisiana State University

D-dimer test is used as a diagnosis test for acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). This study was undertaken to find out its sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of acute DIC and its role in diagnosis of sub-clinical DIC, as there is limited data available on the subject. Of the 29 patients of clinically acute DIC, all had positive D-dimer test, and markedly prolonged PT, APTT and TT were seen in 24 (83%) of these patients. D-dimer test was found to be highly specific but less sensitive for the diagnosis of acute DIC. Of the 29 patients predisposed to sub-clinical DIC. D-dimer was positive is 26 (90%) patients and PT, APTT and TT were mildly prolonged in 11 patients. It is suggested that D-dimer positivity for the diagnoses of sub-clinical DIC need to be considered with caution and to be supplemented by other coagulation test including serial follow up with d-dimer and coagulation tests.

D-dimer test: diagnostic role in clinical and sub-clinical DIC.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin is the most clinically aggressive form of nonmelanoma skin cancer. We have determined the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), a naturally occurring chemopreventive retinoid, on signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) signaling during the development of skin SCC. Stat3 is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in cell proliferation and survival, and it is constitutively active in several malignant cell types. We have previously shown that Stat3 is required for the initiation, promotion, and progression of skin SCC. ATRA is a highly efficient suppressor of tumor formation in the two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model and we have shown that this effect correlates with the suppression of the B-Raf/Mek/Erk signaling pathway. In this study, we have determined the pattern of Stat3 phosphorylation throughout the course of the two-stage protocol, both in the presence and absence of ATRA. We have used both SENCAR mice and K5.Stat3C transgenic mice, which express the Stat3C protein, a constitutively active form of Stat3, in the skin. Using Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining with phosphospecific antibodies, we show that coadministration of ATRA suppressed the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced phosphorylation of Stat3 in both models, but was only able to suppress tumor formation in the SENCAR mice. Surprisingly, ATRA actually enhanced tumor formation in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-treated K5.Stat3C mice. We hypothesize that ATRA blocks tumor formation, at least in part, by targeting events upstream of Stat3, such as the B-Raf/Mek/Erk pathway, and that in the K5.Stat3C mice, in which Stat3 activity is constitutive, it cannot suppress tumor formation.

All-trans retinoic acid suppresses Stat3 signaling during skin carcinogenesis.

Oxycodone, a semisynthetic opioid analgesic, is frequently prescribed for the management of pain. Side effects of nausea and emesis affect patient compliance and limit its therapeutic use. The present study established that an antinociceptive dose of oxycodone (15 mg/kg; oral) induces the pica response. We found sex differences in the temporal course of pica, with females having a longer duration. Opioid receptors mediated the pica response, as 1.0 mg/kg naloxone transiently attenuated and 2.0 mg/kg naloxone blocked pica. A κ-selective antagonist failed to block the response, suggesting mediation by μ opioid receptor. For further validation, we used the well established kaolin intake model to assess pica with the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin as a positive control. Oxycodone and cisplatin significantly increased kaolin intake 4- to 7-fold, and the wet weight of stomach was elevated 2- to 3-fold. To examine the underlying neural circuitry, we investigated c-fos activation in the area postrema and nucleus of solitary tract (NTS). Oxycodone treatment significantly increased the number of c-fos-positive neurons in the area postrema and NTS compared with water controls. As expected, cisplatin also increased the number of c-fos-positive cells in these regions. In the area postrema, the oxycodone effect was greater than cisplatin, especially at 2 h. These results indicate that an antinociceptive dose of oxycodone is associated with the expression of pica, a pro-emetic response.

Acute oxycodone induces the pro-emetic pica response in rats.

Nous pr&eacute;sentons un cas rare de Glom&eacute;rulon&eacute;phrite membranoprolif&eacute;rative (MPGN) associ&eacute;e &agrave; une hypothyro&iuml;die auto-immune chez l&#39;enfant. On ne sait pas la pathog&eacute;nie exacte de glom&eacute;rulon&eacute;phrite. Th&eacute;rapie de remplacement de thyroxine ainsi que de st&eacute;ro&iuml;des peut entra&icirc;ner diminution significative de la prot&eacute;inurie et la r&eacute;solution de l&#39;oed&egrave;me. Statut thyro&iuml;dien doit &ecirc;tre &eacute;valu&eacute;e dans tous les cas avec MPGN.

Glom&eacute;rulon&eacute;phrite membranoprolif&eacute;rative associ&eacute;e &agrave; une thyro&iuml;dite auto-immune.

Wir pr&auml;sentieren einen seltenen Fall von Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN) autoimmune Hypothyreose bei einem Kind zugeordnet. Die genaue Pathogenese der Glomerulonephritis, bleibt unklar. Thyroxin-Ersatz-Therapie mit Steroiden kann zu betr&auml;chtlichen R&uuml;ckgang der Proteinurie und Aufl&ouml;sung von &Ouml;dem f&uuml;hren. Schilddr&uuml;se-Status sollte in allen F&auml;llen mit MPGN bewertet werden.

Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis mit Autoimmun-Thyreoiditis verbunden.

Presentiamo un caso raro di glomerulonefrite membranoproliferativa (MPGN) associati a ipotiroidismo autoimmune in un bambino. L&#39;esatta patogenesi della glomerulonefrite rimane poco chiara. Tiroxina la terapia sostitutiva con steroidi pu&ograve; portare a una diminuzione significativa nella proteinuria e risoluzione dell&#39;edema. Lo stato della tiroide dovrebbe essere valutato in tutti i casi con MPGN.

Glomerulonefrite membranoproliferativa associato a tiroidite autoimmune.

&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x76EE;&#x524D;&#x7CFB;&#x819C;&#x589E;&#x751F;&#x6027;&#x80BE;&#x5C0F;&#x7403;&#x80BE;&#x708E; (MPGN) &#x4E0E;&#x81EA;&#x8EAB;&#x514D;&#x75AB;&#x6027;&#x7532;&#x72B6;&#x817A;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x51CF;&#x9000;&#x75C7;&#x513F;&#x7AE5;&#x76F8;&#x5173;&#x7684;&#x6781;&#x5C11;&#x6570;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x7684;&#x3002;&#x80BE;&#x5C0F;&#x7403;&#x80BE;&#x708E;&#x7684;&#x786E;&#x5207;&#x53D1;&#x75C5;&#x673A;&#x5236;&#x4ECD;&#x4E0D;&#x6E05;&#x695A;&#x3002;&#x7C7B;&#x56FA;&#x9187;&#x6FC0;&#x7D20;&#x548C;&#x7532;&#x72B6;&#x817A;&#x6FC0;&#x7D20;&#x66FF;&#x4EE3;&#x7597;&#x6CD5;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x5BFC;&#x81F4;&#x663E;&#x8457;&#x964D;&#x4F4E;&#x86CB;&#x767D;&#x5C3F;&#x548C;&#x6C34;&#x80BF;&#x7684;&#x51B3;&#x8BAE;&#x3002;&#x5E94;&#x5728;&#x6240;&#x6709;&#x60C5;&#x51B5;&#x4E0B;&#x4E0E; MPGN &#x8BC4;&#x4F30;&#x7532;&#x72B6;&#x817A;&#x72B6;&#x6001;&#x3002;

&#x7CFB;&#x819C;&#x589E;&#x751F;&#x6027;&#x80BE;&#x5C0F;&#x7403;&#x80BE;&#x708E;&#x4F34;&#x81EA;&#x8EAB;&#x514D;&#x75AB;&#x6027;&#x7532;&#x72B6;&#x817A;&#x708E;&#x3002;

We present a rare case of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) associated with autoimmune hypothyroidism in a child. The exact pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis remains unclear. Thyroxine replacement therapy along with steroids may lead to significant decrease in proteinuria and resolution of edema. Thyroid status should be evaluated in all cases with MPGN.

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune thyroiditis.

&#x5B50;&#x4F9B;&#x306E;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x514D;&#x75AB;&#x6027;&#x7532;&#x72B6;&#x817A;&#x6A5F;&#x80FD;&#x4F4E;&#x4E0B;&#x75C7;&#x95A2;&#x9023;&#x819C;&#x6027;&#x5897;&#x6B96;&#x6027;&#x814E;&#x708E; (MPGN) &#x3059;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x7CF8;&#x7403;&#x4F53;&#x814E;&#x708E;&#x306E;&#x6B63;&#x78BA;&#x306A;&#x75C5;&#x56E0;&#x306F;&#x4E0D;&#x660E;&#x3067;&#x3042;&#x308A;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x30C1;&#x30ED;&#x30AD;&#x30B7;&#x30F3;&#x88DC;&#x5145;&#x7642;&#x6CD5;&#x30B9;&#x30C6;&#x30ED;&#x30A4;&#x30C9;&#x3068;&#x4E00;&#x7DD2;&#x306B;&#x86CB;&#x767D;&#x5C3F;&#x3068;&#x6D6E;&#x816B;&#x306E;&#x89E3;&#x50CF;&#x5EA6;&#x304C;&#x5927;&#x5E45;&#x306B;&#x4F4E;&#x4E0B;&#x3059;&#x308B;&#x53EF;&#x80FD;&#x6027;&#x304C;&#x3042;&#x308A;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x7532;&#x72B6;&#x817A;&#x30B9;&#x30C6;&#x30FC;&#x30BF;&#x30B9; MPGN &#x3067;&#x3059;&#x3079;&#x3066;&#x306E;&#x30B1;&#x30FC;&#x30B9;&#x3067;&#x8A55;&#x4FA1;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;

&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x514D;&#x75AB;&#x6027;&#x7532;&#x72B6;&#x817A;&#x708E;&#x306B;&#x95A2;&#x9023;&#x819C;&#x6027;&#x5897;&#x6B96;&#x6027;&#x814E;&#x708E;&#x3002;

Membranoproliferative &#xC0AC; &#xAD6C; &#xCCB4;&#xC2E0; &#xC5FC; (MPGN) &#xC544;&#xC774;&#xC5D0; &#xBA74;&#xC5ED; &#xC800;&#xD558; &#xC99D;&#xACFC; &#xAD00;&#xB828; &#xB41C; &#xB4DC;&#xBB38; &#xC0AC;&#xB840;&#xB97C; &#xC18C;&#xAC1C; &#xD569;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC0AC; &#xAD6C; &#xCCB4;&#xC2E0; &#xC5FC;&#xC758; &#xC815;&#xD655;&#xD55C; pathogenesis &#xBD88;&#xBD84;&#xBA85; &#xB0A8;&#xC544; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xC2A4;&#xD14C;&#xB85C;&#xC774;&#xB4DC;&#xC640; &#xD568;&#xAED8; thyroxine &#xB300;&#xCCB4; &#xC694;&#xBC95; proteinuria &#xBC0F; &#xBD80; &#xC885;&#xC758; &#xD574;&#xC0C1;&#xB3C4;&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xD06C;&#xAC8C; &#xAC10;&#xC18C; &#xBC1C;&#xC0DD;&#xD560; &#xC218; &#xC788;&#xC2B5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. MPGN&#xC640; &#xD568;&#xAED8; &#xBAA8;&#xB4E0; &#xACBD;&#xC6B0;&#xC5D0; &#xAC11; &#xC0C1;&#xC120; &#xC0C1;&#xD0DC;&#xB97C; &#xD3C9;&#xAC00; &#xD55C;&#xB2E4;.

Membranoproliferative &#xC0AC; &#xAD6C; &#xCCB4;&#xC2E0; &#xC5FC; &#xC790;&#xAC00; &#xBA74;&#xC5ED; &#xAC11; &#xC0C1;&#xC120; &#xC5FC;&#xACFC; &#xAD00;&#xB828; &#xB41C;&#xC785;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

Presentamos un caso raro de la glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa (GNMP) asociada a Hipotiroidismo autoinmune en un ni&ntilde;o. La patogenesia exacta de glomerulonefritis sigue siendo confusa. Terapia de reemplazo de la tiroxina junto con esteroides puede conducir a una disminuci&oacute;n significativa en la resoluci&oacute;n del edema y proteinuria. Estado de la tiroides debe ser evaluado en todos los casos con MPGN.

Glomerulonefritis membranoproliferativa asociada a tiroiditis autoinmune.

The purpose of the current study was to determine whether a tropical ginger derived compound 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), suppresses skin tumor promotion in K5.Stat3C mice. In a two-week study in which wild-type (WT) and K5.Stat3C mice were co-treated with either vehicle, ACA, galanga extract, or fluocinolone acetonide (FA) and tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA), only the galanga extract and FA suppressed TPA-induced skin hyperproliferation and wet weight. None of these agents were effective at suppressing p-Tyr705Stat3 expression. However, ACA and FA showed promising inhibitory effects against skin tumorigenesis in K5.Stat3C mice. ACA also suppressed phospho-p65 NF-κB activation, suggesting a potential mechanism for its action.

Effects of the tropical ginger compound,1'-acetoxychavicol acetate, against tumor promotion in K5.Stat3C transgenic mice.

Thyroid status has not been studied well in children with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS).

Subclinical non-autoimmune hypothyroidism in children with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome.

Homocysteine metabolism is altered in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a risk factor of early atherosclerosis and glomerulosclerosis and may occur at time of first occurrence of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Homocysteine metabolism in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Impaired endothelial function is the initial step in atherogenesis, which is largely responsible for ischaemic heart disease and thrombotic strokes decades later.

Vinita Batra

Department of Neurosurgery

Louisiana State University

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration