Chapter 3
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
דלקת ריאות I: מבוא
Pneumonia is a lung parenchymal infection that affects one or both lungs.
Risk factors for pneumonia include air pollution, smoking, corticosteroid and ...
דלקת ריאות II: פתופיזיולוגיה
Pneumonia follows a sequence of pathophysiological changes.
The process begins when pathogens enter the respiratory tract through various means, such as ...
דלקת ריאות III: סיבוכים והערכה
Pneumonia can lead to complications like hypotension, pleural effusion, atelectasis, pneumothorax, and respiratory failure, especially without timely ...
דלקת ריאות IV: ניהול
Effective pneumonia management includes the following:
Pharmacological treatment for pneumonia involves oral or intravenous antibiotics for bacterial ...
דלקת ריאות V: ניהול סיעוד ומניעה
Nursing management of a patient with pneumonia includes the following interventions.
Nurses must adhere to medical asepsis and infection control ...
שחפת ריאות I
Tuberculosis or TB is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis primarily affecting the lung parenchyma.
It can also affect other body ...
שחפת ריאות II
The pathophysiology of tuberculosis begins when a susceptible host inhales aerosolized droplets containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
The droplets reach ...
שחפת ריאות III
Tuberculosis can be classified into the following six categories based on disease progression:
Class zero indicates no known tuberculosis exposure with a ...
שחפת ריאות IV
Diagnosing tuberculosis involves a series of tests.
The initial method is the Mantoux tuberculin skin test, which entails injecting a small amount of ...
שחפת ריאות V
Collaborative care for pulmonary tuberculosis involves a prolonged medication course tailored to drug-susceptible or drug-resistant tuberculosis.
...
כשל נשימתי חריף-I
Acute respiratory failure develops when the respiratory system fails to meet the body's oxygenation, ventilation, or metabolic requirements.
It can ...
כשל נשימתי חריף-II
Type 1 hypoxemic respiratory failure occurs due to an inadequate oxygen supply, characterized by a partial pressure of oxygen below 60 milliliters of ...
כשל נשימתי חריף-III
Type 2 or hypercapnic respiratory failure occurs due to increased carbon dioxide production or decreased alveolar ventilation.
It is characterized by ...
כשל נשימתי חריף-IV
Clinical manifestations of acute respiratory failure include the following:
Initial manifestations like restlessness and confusion indicate inadequate ...
כשל נשימתי חריף-V
Managing acute respiratory failure necessitates a collaborative approach.
Respiratory therapy aims to optimize oxygenation and ventilation while ...
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