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6.12 : Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of ɑ-Receptor Blockers

α-Adrenergic antagonists, known as α-blockers, exert their effects by inhibiting α-adrenoceptors, leading to specific physiological actions. α1-blockers and α2-blockers have distinct pharmacological actions and therapeutic applications.

α1-blockers: These drugs inhibit α1-adrenoceptors on smooth muscle cells, resulting in vasodilation. This vasodilation lowers blood pressure, making α1-blockers valuable in treating hypertension. Additionally, α1-blockers effectively address urinary obstruction caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). These drugs reduce urine flow resistance and alleviate BPH-related symptoms by relaxing smooth muscles in the prostate and bladder neck.

α2-blockers: These antagonists act on presynaptic α2-adrenoceptors, increasing sympathetic neurotransmitters' release. This promotes adrenoceptor activation in target organs. However, non-selective α-blockers interacting with both α1 and α2 receptors are generally not used for hypertension management due to their severe side effects.

Overall, adrenergic antagonists, particularly α1-blockers, play a crucial role in modulating the sympathetic nervous system and offer therapeutic benefits for conditions such as hypertension and urinary obstruction associated with BPH.

Tags

Adrenergic Antagonistsreceptor BlockersPharmacological Actions1 blockers2 blockersVasodilationHypertension TreatmentUrinary ObstructionBenign Prostatic Hyperplasia BPHSympathetic NeurotransmittersNon selective blockersTherapeutic Applications

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