מבוא ציוד <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> רקמות הוא ניתק בעדינות, בעזרת צינורות סגול C לתוך תא בודד השעיות קיימא. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> המאגר PBS / BSA EDTA משמש לנתק את התאים. המאגר מוכן ידי הוספת 1 חלק מהפתרון במלאי BSA עד 20 חלקים autoMACS שטיפת פתרון המכיל EDTA. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> MACS טרום ההפרדה מסננים משמשים כך דגימות רקמה ניתק הן ללא כל גושים התא, לקדם הפרדה MACS מוצלח וניתוח שלאחר מכן. </li></ol> Dissociating בתאי הטחול <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> Spleens שלמות disscociated לתוך תא בודד השעיות של splenocytes באמצעות Dissociator gentleMACS. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> כדי להתחיל את ההליך, לטעון את Tube C בהיקף של המאגר על פי המסה של spleens. הטחול בריא של עכבר צעיר מבוגר נשים BALB / c שוקל כ 80-120 מ&quot;ג. כל 1-2 spleens של מסה זו דורשת 3 מ&quot;ל של המאגר. Spleens מבעלי חיים או בבעלי חיים מבוגרים עם זיהומים הם לעתים קרובות גדולים יש לשקול במאגר. נפח המאגר חייב להיות מדורגים בהתאם. לא יעלה על נפח המאגר כולל של 10 מ&quot;ל. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> מוסיפים את הטחול גזור אל התחתית C המכיל 3 מ&quot;ל של המאגר. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> ודא כובע Tube C הוא חזק לצרף את Tube C כדי dissociator עם כובע ומטה. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> כוח עד dissociator. במשך 1-2 spleens, בחר m_spleen_01 התוכנית. התוכנית ייקח 56 שניות כדי להשלים. אם מספר spleens גדול, להשתמש בתוכנית m_spleen_04: תוכנית זו יכולה לשמש עד 720 מ&quot;ג של רקמת טחול. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> לאחר השלמת התוכנית רקמת טחול יליד הוא ניתק לתוך השעיה splenocyte. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> ספין את ההשעיה התא כולו בבת 300xg בטמפרטורת החדר למשך כ -30 שניות. זה יבטיח כי הרוטור ואת הסטטור משוחררים של כל התאים אשר נאספים בתחתית של התחתית C. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> הסר את המדגם דרך הפתח, מחצה חתום כובע Tube C באמצעות pipetter 1000 microliter. </li></ol> סינון צעד <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> כדי להתחיל את שלב הסינון, להחיל את רקמת ניתק על סנן ההפרדה טרום או מסננת תא בגודל 30 מיקרומטר הנקבוביות. מסננת צריך להתאים צינור 15 מ&quot;ל במשך 1-2 spleens או שפופרת 50 מ&quot;ל במשך יותר מ 2 spleens. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> בואו ההשעיה התא לעבור. ואז לשטוף את המסנן על ידי יישום של 5 מ&quot;ל חיץ. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> עכשיו, צנטריפוגה הצינור עם ההשעיה התא 300xg, בטמפרטורת החדר למשך 10 דקות כדי לאסוף את כל splenocytes בתא הטחול גלולה. </li><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> עכשיו, שיש לנו גלולה של splenocytes ניתק, עלינו לשאוב supernatant ו resuspend התא גלולה בסכום המתאים של המאגר. </li></ol> דיסוציאציה הטחול באמצעות Dissociator gentleMACS תניב אחוז גבוה של splenocytes קיימא, אשר באה לידי ביטוי cytometry זרימה באמצעות Analyzer MACSQuant. תאים מתים הם מוכתמים על ידי יודיד propidium. בדוגמה סיפקה, לצד פיזור העלילה קדימה נקודה מציגה את splenocytes מוכן.

כל הפרוטוקולים וגליונות נתונים זמינים<a href="http://www.miltenyibiotec.com"&gt; Http://www.miltenyibiotec.com.</a&gt;.

כדי להימנע dissociations ידני מייגע וכואב לעיתים קרובות, את Dissociator gentleMACS מאפשרת לנתק רקמה ביעילות רבה בתנאים מבוקרים לשעתקו. ההליך רקמת ניתוק עדין לתאים התשואות השעיות תא עם קצב כדאיות גבוהה. Dissociator gentleMACS בשילוב עם C צינורות נועד להכנת תא בודד השעיות מרקמות שונות. המכשיר מצויד במספר שנקבע מראש תוכניות לנתק עכבר הטחול, הכבד, הריאות, או רקמה עצבית. מגוון של תוכניות ופרוטוקולים יורחב ברציפות לכלול רקמות נוספות.

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">	
		
		<div>
		<table border="1">
		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>gentleMACS&#x2122; Starting Kit</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
<td>130-093-235</td>
<td><a href="http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/en/PG_709_763_gentleMACS_Dissociator.aspx">http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/en/PG_709_763_gentleMACS_Dissociator.aspx</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>C Tubes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Miltenyi Biotec </td>
<td>130-093-237</td>
<td><a href="http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/en/PG_709_765_gentleMACS_C_Tubes.aspx">http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/en/PG_709_765_gentleMACS_C_Tubes.aspx</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>13 mL Tubes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Miltenyi Biotec </td>
<td>130-091-596</td>
<td><a href="http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/en/PG_34_751_13_mL_Tubes_for_LS_Columns.aspx">http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/en/PG_34_751_13_mL_Tubes_for_LS_Columns.aspx</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>autoMACS&#x2122; Rinsing Solution </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Miltenyi Biotec </td>
<td>130-091-222</td>
<td><a href="http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/en/PG_134_155_autoMACS_Rinsing_Solution.aspx">http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/en/PG_134_155_autoMACS_Rinsing_Solution.aspx</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MACS&#174; BSA Stock Solution</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Miltenyi Biotec </td>
<td>130-091-376</td>
<td><a href="http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/en/PG_33_295_MACS_BSA_Stock_Solution.aspx">http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/en/PG_33_295_MACS_BSA_Stock_Solution.aspx</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Pre-Separation Filters </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Miltenyi Biotec </td>
<td>130-041-407</td>
<td><a href="http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/en/PG_34_247_Pre_Separation_Filters.aspx">http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/en/PG_34_247_Pre_Separation_Filters.aspx</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MACSQuant Analyzer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Miltenyi Biotec </td>
<td>130-092-197</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Propidium Iodide Solution</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
<td>130-093-233</td>
<td><a href="http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/en/PG_337_744_Propidium_Iodide_Solution.aspx">http://www.miltenyibiotec.com/en/PG_337_744_Propidium_Iodide_Solution.aspx</a></td>
</tr>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

preparation of single-cell suspensions from mouse spleen with the gentlemacs dissociator

תא בודד המתלים הם תנאי הכרחי ניסויים ההפרדה התא, ניתוח התא תרבית תאים. כדי להימנע dissociations ידני מייגע וכואב לעיתים קרובות Dissociator gentleMACS מאפשרת לנתק רקמה ביעילות רבה בתנאים מבוקרים לשעתקו. Dissociator gentleMACS ניתן לנתק בצורה אופטימלית טחול עכבר, שילוב timesaving וסטנדרטיזציה עם בטיחות למשתמש. וידאו זה מתאר כיצד לנתק spleens העכבר באמצעות Dissociator gentleMACS, מכשיר אוטומטי הספסל העליון שיכולים לשבש באופן מכני לרקמות באמצעות צינורות מיוחדים כדי לייצר השעיות תא קיימא. בעקבות הניתוק, spleens מסוננים, centrifuged ו resuspended עבור יישומים נוספים.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation of Single-Cell Suspensions from Mouse Spleen with the gentleMACS Dissociator at JoVE.com

Preparation of Single-Cell Suspensions from Mouse Spleen with the gentleMACS Dissociator

וידאו זה מתאר פשוטים, חוסך זמן טכניקה ניתוק אוטומטי רקמות באמצעות Dissociator gentleMACS להכין תא בודד השעיות של splenocytes העכבר.

הכנת תא בודד השעיות מן הטחול עכבר עם Dissociator gentleMACS

Single-cell suspensions are a prerequisite for experiments in cell separation, cell analysis and cell culture.  To avoid tedious and often painful manual ...

<a class="grey_button" href="/video/1045">
&#x4E2D;&#x6587;
</a>


<a class="grey_button" href="/video/1102">
JapaneseVersion
</a>

preparation-single-cell-suspensions-from-mouse-spleen-with-gentlemacs

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

37.6K Views.  Miltenyi Biotec,GmbH.  中文 JapaneseVersion 

Video: Preparation of Single-Cell Suspensions from Mouse Spleen with the gentleMACS Dissociator

Standardized Preparation of Single-Cell Suspensions from Mouse Lung Tissue using the gentleMACS Dissociator

The preparation of single-cell suspensions from tissues is an important prerequisite for many experiments in cellular research. The process of dissociating whole organs requires specific parameters in order to obtain a high number of viable cells in a reproducible manner. The gentleMACS Dissociator optimizes this task with a simple, practical protocol. The instrument contains pre-programmed settings that are optimized for the efficient but gentle dissociation of a variety of tissue types, including mouse lungs. In this publication the use of the gentleMACS Dissociator on lung tissue derived from mice is demonstrated.

Dissociating cells from specific tissue types requires specific parameters for tissue agitation to obtain a high volume of viable, culturable cells. The Miltenyi gentleMACS dissociator optimizes this task with a simple, practical protocol. In this publication the use of this apparatus on lung tissue is explained.

הכנה סטנדרטית של תא בודד השעיות מתוך רקמת הריאה באמצעות עכבר Dissociator gentleMACS

The preparation of single-cell suspensions from tissues is an important prerequisite for many experiments in cellular research. The process of ...

Generation of Single-Cell Suspensions from Mouse Neural Tissue

Within the nervous system, hundreds of neuronal and glial cell types have been described. Each specific cell type in the brain or spinal cord has a repertoire of cell surface molecules, or molecular determinants, through which it can be identified and characterized. Currently, robust cell identification and separation technologies require single-cell preparations to be generated while simultaneously limiting cell death and destruction of characteristic surface protein. The gentleMACS Dissociator, when used in combination with trypsin or papain-based dissociation kits, can effectively and gently dissociate brain tissue while preserving antigen epitopes and limiting cell loss. Standardized preparation of single-cell suspensions is achieved using C Tubes and optimized, preset gentleMACS Programs. Once generated, single-cell suspensions can be treated with monoclonal conjugates like Anti-Prominin-1 MicroBeads, which identify neural progenitors, or purified further using Myelin Removal Beads.

Dissociating cells from specific tissue types requires specific parameters for tissue aggitation to obtain a high volume of viable, culturable cells. The Miltenyi gentleMACS Dissociator optimizes this task with a simple, practical protocol. In this publication the use of this apparatus on nerual tissue is explained.

הדור של תא בודד מרקמת השעיות עכבר עצבית

Within the nervous system, hundreds of neuronal and glial cell types have been described. Each specific cell type in the brain or spinal cord has a ...

Single-cell Suction Recordings from Mouse Cone Photoreceptors

Rod and cone photoreceptors in the retina are responsible for light detection. In darkness, cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels in the outer segment are open and allow cations to flow steadily inwards across the membrane, depolarizing the cell. Light exposure triggers the closure of the CNG channels, blocks the inward cation current flow, and thus results in cell hyperpolarization. Based on the polarity of photoreceptors, a suction recording method was developed in 1970s that, unlike the classic patch-clamp technique, does not require penetrating the plasma membrane 1. Drawing the outer segment into a tightly-fitting glass pipette filled with extracellular solution allows recording the current changes in individual cells upon test-flash exposure. However, this well-established "outer-segment-in (OS-in)" suction recording is not suitable for mouse cone recordings, because of the low percentage of cones in the mouse retina (3%) and the difficulties in identifying the cone outer segments. Recently, an inner-segment-in (IS-in) recording configuration was developed to draw the inner segment/nuclear region of the photoreceptor into the recording pipette 2,3. In this video, we will show how to record from individual mouse cone photoresponses using single-cell suction electrode.

We will show how to record flash responses from single mouse cones using a suction electrode.

תא בודד יניקה הקלטות של photoreceptors קון עכבר

Rod and cone photoreceptors in the retina are responsible for light detection. In darkness, cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels in the outer segment ...

Single Cell Transcriptional Profiling of Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes

While numerous studies have examined gene expression changes from homogenates of heart tissue, this prevents studying the inherent stochastic variation between cells within a tissue. Isolation of pure cardiomyocyte populations through a collagenase perfusion of mouse hearts facilitates the generation of single cell microarrays for whole transcriptome gene expression, or qPCR of specific targets using nanofluidic arrays. We describe here a procedure to examine single cell gene expression profiles of cardiomyocytes isolated from the heart. This paradigm allows for the evaluation of metrics of interest which are not reliant on the mean (for example variance between cells within a tissue) which is not possible when using conventional whole tissue workflows for the evaluation of gene expression (Figure 1). We have achieved robust amplification of the single cell transcriptome yielding micrograms of double stranded cDNA that facilitates the use of microarrays on individual cells. In the procedure we describe the use of NimbleGen arrays which were selected for their ease of use and ability to customize their design. Alternatively, a reverse transcriptase - specific target amplification (RT-STA) reaction, allows for qPCR of hundreds of targets by nanofluidic PCR. Using either of these approaches, it is possible to examine the variability of expression between cells, as well as examining expression profiles of rare cell types from within a tissue. Overall, the single cell gene expression approach allows for the generation of data that can potentially identify idiosyncratic expression profiles that are typically averaged out when examining expression of millions of cells from typical homogenates generated from whole tissues.

Single cell expression profiling allows the detailed gene expression analysis of individual cells. We describe methods for the isolation of cardiomyocytes, and preparing the resulting lysates for either whole transcriptome microarray or qPCR of specific targets.

פרופיל תא יחיד תעתיק של cardiomyocytes עכבר למבוגרים

While numerous studies have examined gene expression changes from homogenates of heart tissue, this prevents studying the inherent stochastic variation ...

Generation of Mice Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells provides a means to create valuable tools for basic research and may also produce a source of patient-matched cells for regenerative therapies. iPSCs may be generated using multiple protocols and derived from multiple cell sources. Once generated, iPSCs are tested using a variety of assays including immunostaining for pluripotency markers, generation of three germ layers in embryoid bodies and teratomas, comparisons of gene expression with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and production of chimeric mice with or without germline contribution2. Importantly, iPSC lines that pass these tests still vary in their capacity to produce different differentiated cell types2. This has made it difficult to establish which iPSC derivation protocols, donor cell sources or selection methods are most useful for different applications.
The most stringent test of whether a stem cell line has sufficient developmental potential to generate all tissues required for survival of an organism (termed full pluripotency) is tetraploid embryo complementation (TEC)3-5. Technically, TEC involves electrofusion of two-cell embryos to generate tetraploid (4n) one-cell embryos that can be cultured in vitro to the blastocyst stage6. Diploid (2n) pluripotent stem cells (e.g. ESCs or iPSCs) are then injected into the blastocoel cavity of the tetraploid blastocyst and transferred to a recipient female for gestation (see Figure 1). The tetraploid component of the complemented embryo contributes almost exclusively to the extraembryonic tissues (placenta, yolk sac), whereas the diploid cells constitute the embryo proper, resulting in a fetus derived entirely from the injected stem cell line.
Recently, we reported the derivation of iPSC lines that reproducibly generate adult mice via TEC1. These iPSC lines give rise to viable pups with efficiencies of 5-13%, which is comparable to ESCs3,4,7 and higher than that reported for most other iPSC lines8-12. These reports show that direct reprogramming can produce fully pluripotent iPSCs that match ESCs in their developmental potential and efficiency of generating pups in TEC tests. At present, it is not clear what distinguishes between fully pluripotent iPSCs and less potent lines13-15. Nor is it clear which reprogramming methods will produce these lines with the highest efficiency. Here we describe one method that produces fully pluripotent iPSCs and "all- iPSC" mice, which may be helpful for investigators wishing to compare the pluripotency of iPSC lines or establish the equivalence of different reprogramming methods.

Generating induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines produces lines of differing developmental potential even when they pass standard tests for pluripotency. Here we describe a protocol to produce mice derived entirely from iPSCs, which defines the iPSC lines as possessing full pluripotency1.

דור של עכברים שמקורם בתאי גזע pluripotent מושרים

The production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells provides a means to create valuable tools for basic research and may also ...

Simple and Efficient Technique for the Preparation of Testicular Cell Suspensions

Mammalian testes are very complex organs that contain over 30 different cell types, including somatic testicular cells and different stages of germline cells. This heterogeneity is an important drawback concerning the study of the bases of mammalian spermatogenesis, as pure or enriched cell populations in certain stages of sperm development are needed for most molecular analyses1.
 Various strategies such as Staput2,3, centrifugal elutriation1, and flow cytometry (FC)4,5 have been employed to obtain enriched or purified testicular cell populations in order to enable differential gene expression studies. 
It is required that cells are in suspension for most enrichment/ purification approaches. Ideally, the cell suspension will be representative of the original tissue, have a high proportion of viable cells and few multinucleates - which tend to form because of the syncytial nature of the seminiferous epithelium6,7 - and lack cell clumps1 . Previous reports had evidenced that testicular cell suspensions prepared by an exclusively mechanical method clumped more easily than trypsinized ones1 . On the other hand, enzymatic treatments with RNAses and/or disaggregating enzymes like trypsin and collagenase lead to specific macromolecules degradation, which is undesirable for certain downstream applications. The ideal process should be as short as possible and involve minimal manipulation, so as to achieve a good preservation of macromolecules of interest such as mRNAs. Current protocols for the preparation of cell suspensions from solid tissues are usually time-consuming, highly operator-dependent, and may selectively damage certain cell types1,8 . 
	The protocol presented here combines the advantages of a highly reproducible and extremely brief mechanical disaggregation with the absence of enzymatic treatment, leading to good quality cell suspensions that can be used for flow cytometric analysis and sorting4, and ulterior gene expression studies9 .

A novel protocol for the mechanical preparation of testicular cell suspensions from rodent material, avoiding enzymes and detergents, is described. The method is very simple, fast, reproducible, and renders good quality cell suspensions, which are suitable for flow sorting and RNA extraction.

טכניקה פשוטה ויעילה להכנת השעיות תא אשכים

Mammalian testes are very complex organs that contain over 30 different cell types, including somatic testicular cells and different stages of germline ...

Ablation of a Single Cell From Eight-cell Embryos of the Amphipod Crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis

The amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis is a small crustacean found in intertidal marine habitats worldwide. Over the past decade, Parhyale has emerged as a promising model organism for laboratory studies of development, providing a useful outgroup comparison to the well studied arthropod model organism Drosophila melanogaster. In contrast to the syncytial cleavages of Drosophila, the early cleavages of Parhyale are holoblastic. Fate mapping using tracer dyes injected into early blastomeres have shown that all three germ layers and the germ line are established by the eight-cell stage. At this stage, three blastomeres are fated to give rise to the ectoderm, three are fated to give rise to the mesoderm, and the remaining two blastomeres are the precursors of the endoderm and germ line respectively. However, blastomere ablation experiments have shown that Parhyale embryos also possess significant regulatory capabilities, such that the fates of blastomeres ablated at the eight-cell stage can be taken over by the descendants of some of the remaining blastomeres. Blastomere ablation has previously been described by one of two methods: injection and subsequent activation of phototoxic dyes or manual ablation. However, photoablation kills blastomeres but does not remove the dead cell body from the embryo. Complete physical removal of specific blastomeres may therefore be a preferred method of ablation for some applications. Here we present a protocol for manual removal of single blastomeres from the eight-cell stage of Parhyale embryos, illustrating the instruments and manual procedures necessary for complete removal of the cell body while keeping the remaining blastomeres alive and intact. This protocol can be applied to any Parhyale cell at the eight-cell stage, or to blastomeres of other early cleavage stages. In addition, in principle this protocol could be applicable to early cleavage stage embryos of other holoblastically cleaving marine invertebrates.

Ablation of a Single Cell From Eight-cell Embryos of the Amphipod Crustacean Parhyale hawaiensis

The amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis is a promising model organism for studies of crustacean embryology and comparative arthropod development and evolution. This protocol describes a method for manual removal of single blastomeres from early cleavage stage embryos of Parhyale.

אבלציה של תא בודד משמונה תאי עוברים של סרטנאים Amphipod<em&gt; Parhyale hawaiensis</em

The amphipod Parhyale hawaiensis is a small crustacean found in intertidal marine habitats worldwide. Over the past decade, Parhyale has emerged as a ...

Preparation of Meiotic Chromosome Spreads from Mouse Spermatocytes

Mammalian meiosis is a dynamic developmental process that occurs in germ cells and can be studied and characterized. Using a method to spread nuclei on the surface of slides (rather than dropping them from a height), we demonstrate an optimized technique on mouse spermatocytes that was first described in 1997. This method is widely used in laboratories to study mammalian meiosis because it yields a plethora of high quality nuclei undergoing substages of prophase I. Seminiferous tubules are first placed in a hypotonic solution to swell spermatocytes. Then spermatocytes are released into a sucrose solution to create a cell suspension, and nuclei are spread onto fixative-soaked glass slides. Following immunostaining, a diversity of proteins germane to meiotic processes can be examined. For example, proteins of the synaptonemal complex, a tripartite structure that connects the chromosome axes/cores of homologs together can be easily visualized. Meiotic recombination proteins, which are involved in repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination, can also be immunostained to evaluate progression of prophase I. Here we describe and demonstrate in detail a technique widely used to study mammalian meiosis in spermatocytes from juvenile or adult male mice.

Meiosis is the developmental process by which gametes are formed through a single round of DNA replication and two successive rounds of chromosome segregation. Mammalian meiosis can be examined by utilizing a technique to prepare meiotic chromosome spreads. Here, we demonstrate a method of preparing surface-spread nuclei from mouse spermatocytes.

הכנה של כרומוזום Meiotic מתפשטת העכבר Spermatocytes

Mammalian meiosis is a dynamic developmental process that occurs in germ cells and can be studied and characterized. Using a method to spread nuclei on ...

Application of Passive Head Motion to Generate Defined Accelerations at the Heads of Rodents

Exercise is widely recognized as effective for various diseases and physical disorders, including those related to brain dysfunction. However, molecular mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of exercise are poorly understood. Many physical workouts, particularly those classified as aerobic exercises such as jogging and walking, produce impulsive forces at the time of foot contact with the ground. Therefore, it was speculated that mechanical impact might be implicated in how exercise contributes to organismal homeostasis. For testing this hypothesis on the brain, a custom-designed ''passive head motion'' (hereafter referred to as PHM) system was developed that can generate vertical accelerations with controlled and defined magnitudes and modes and reproduce mechanical stimulation that might be applied to the heads of rodents during treadmill running at moderate velocities, a typical intervention to test the effects of exercise in animals. By using this system, it was demonstrated that PHM recapitulates the serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, hereafter referred to as 5-HT) receptor subtype 2A (5-HT2A) signaling in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) neurons of mice. This work provides detailed protocols for applying PHM and measuring its resultant mechanical accelerations at rodents' heads.

The present protocol describes a custom-designed ''passive head motion'' system, which reproduces mechanical accelerations at rodents' heads generated during their treadmill running at moderate velocities. It allows dissecting mechanical factors/elements from the beneficial effects of physical exercise.

יישום של תנועת ראש פסיבית ליצירת תאוצות מוגדרות בראשי מכרסמים

Exercise is widely recognized as effective for various diseases and physical disorders, including those related to brain dysfunction. However, molecular ...

Isolation of Endothelial Cells from the Lumen of Mouse Carotid Arteries for Single-Cell Multi-Omics Experiments

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the arterial regions exposed to disturbed blood flow (d-flow). D-flow regulates the expression of genes in the endothelium at the transcriptomic and epigenomic levels, resulting in proatherogenic responses. Recently, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and single-cell Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin sequencing (scATACseq) studies were performed to determine the transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility changes at a single-cell resolution using the mouse partial carotid ligation (PCL) model. As endothelial cells (ECs) represent a minor fraction of the total cell populations in the artery wall, a luminal digestion method was used to obtain EC-enriched single-cell preparations. For this study, mice were subjected to PCL surgery to induce d-flow in the left carotid artery (LCA) while using the right carotid artery (RCA) as a control. The carotid arteries were dissected out two days or two weeks post PCL surgery. The lumen of each carotid was subjected to collagenase digestion, and endothelial-enriched single cells or single nuclei were obtained. These single-cell and single-nuclei preparations were subsequently barcoded using a 10x Genomics microfluidic setup. The barcoded single-cells and single-nuclei were then utilized for RNA preparation, library generation, and sequencing on a high-throughput DNA sequencer. Post bioinformatics processing, the scRNAseq and scATACseq datasets identified various cell types from the luminal digestion, primarily consisting of ECs. Smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells were also present. This EC-enrichment method aided in understanding the effect of blood flow on the endothelium, which could have been difficult with the total artery digestion method. The EC-enriched single-cell preparation method can be used to perform single-cell omics studies in EC-knockouts and transgenic mice where the effect of blood flow on these genes has not been studied. Importantly, this technique can be adapted to isolate EC-enriched single cells from human artery explants to perform similar mechanistic studies.

We present a method for isolating endothelial cells and nuclei from the lumen of mouse carotid arteries exposed to stable or disturbed flow conditions to perform single-cell omics experiments.

בידוד תאי אנדותל מהלומן של עורקי הצוואר של עכברים לניסויים רב-תאיים חד-תאיים

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the arterial regions exposed to disturbed blood flow (d-flow). D-flow regulates the expression of genes in ...