Zebrafish Microinjection Techniques

Overview

One of the major advantages to working with zebrafish (Danio rerio) is that their genetics can be easily manipulated by microinjection of early stage embryos. Using this technique, solutions containing genetic material or knockdown constructs are delivered into the blastomeres: the embryonic cells sitting atop the yolk of the newly fertilized egg. Delivery into the cytoplasm is achieved either through direct injection into the blastomere, or via natural cytoplasmic movements that occur after a solution is injected into the yolk. Successful genetic manipulations are usually followed by quantification of embryonic phenotypes in order to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of development.

This video will provide an introduction to carrying out microinjections in zebrafish embryos. The discussion begins with a review of the essential tools for the technique, including the injection apparatus and the microinjector, which controls fluid movement with pressure pulses of air. Next, important preparatory steps are demonstrated, such as the pouring of agar plates to stabilize embryos during injection and calibration of the microinjection apparatus. The injection procedure is then presented along with tips on when and where injections should be performed. Finally, applications of the microinjection technique are discussed, including gene overexpression via mRNA injection, gene silencing by delivery of antisense morpholino oligonucleotides, and the generation of transgenic zebrafish using specially engineered plasmid DNA.

Procedure

Microinjection of zebrafish embryos allows researchers to deliver solutions directly into the developing animal, in order to study gene function and developmental dynamics. Embryos from the 1 to 4-cell stage are frequently used for injection. Because there are no membranes separating the cells and the yolk at this early stage, solutions injected in either one cell or the yolk will evenly spread throughout the organism. By using microinjection, protein production genes can be expressed, or turned off, depending on the type

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Tags
ZebrafishMicroinjectionGene FunctionDevelopmental DynamicsEmbryoProtein Production GenesPipette PreparationEmbryo CollectionMicroinjection ProcedureStereoscopeMicroinjectorPipette HolderMicromanipulatorPressure PulsesFoot PedalInjection Material Delivery

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0:00

Overview

1:01

Components of the Injection Apparatus

2:09

Preparing for Microinjections

3:59

Preparing Embryos for Injection

4:47

Injecting Zebrafish Embryos

6:06

Applications

7:40

Summary

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