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12 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

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Biology

Using an EEG-Based Brain-Computer Interface for Virtual Cursor Movement with BCI2000
J. Adam Wilson 1, Gerwin Schalk 2, Léo M. Walton 1, Justin C. Williams 1
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2Wadsworth Center, New York State Dept. of Health

In this video, we demonstrate the steps required to run a brain-computer interface experiment, including setting up the EEG cap, calibrating the system, and training the user to move a cursor in two dimensions using imagined movements.

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Biology

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo
Benjamen A. Filas 1, Victor D. Varner 1, Dmitry A. Voronov 1,2, Larry A. Taber 1,3
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, 2Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University

This article describes surface labeling and ex ovo tissue culture in the early chick embryo. Techniques amenable to time-lapse bright field, fluorescence, and optical coherence tomography imaging are presented. Tracking surface labels with high spatiotemporal resolution enables kinematic quantities such as morphogenetic strains (deformations) to be calculated in both two and three dimensions.

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Biology

Metabolic Pathway Confirmation and Discovery Through 13C-labeling of Proteinogenic Amino Acids
Le You 1, Lawrence Page 2, Xueyang Feng 1, Bert Berla 1, Himadri B. Pakrasi 3, Yinjie J. Tang 1
1Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University, 2Department of Biology, Washington University, 3Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering and Department of Biology, Washington University

13C-isotope labeling is a useful technique for determining the cell central metabolism for various types of microorganisms. After cells have been cultured with a specific labeled substrate, GC-MS measurement can reveal functional metabolic pathways based on unique labeling patterns in proteinogenic amino acids.

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Neuroscience

Recording Human Electrocorticographic (ECoG) Signals for Neuroscientific Research and Real-time Functional Cortical Mapping
N. Jeremy Hill 1, Disha Gupta 1,2, Peter Brunner 1,2, Aysegul Gunduz 1,2, Matthew A. Adamo 3, Anthony Ritaccio 2, Gerwin Schalk 1,2,4,5,6,7
1Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 2Department of Neurology, Albany Medical College, 3Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical College, 4Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University, 5Department of Biomed. Eng., Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 6Department of Biomed. Sci., State University of New York at Albany, 7Department of Elec. and Comp. Eng., University of Texas at El Paso

We present a method for collecting electrocorticographic signals for research purposes from humans who are undergoing invasive epilepsy monitoring. We show how to use the BCI2000 software platform for data collection, signal processing and stimulus presentation. Specifically, we demonstrate SIGFRIED, a BCI2000-based tool for real-time functional brain mapping.

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Medicine

A Method for Quantifying Upper Limb Performance in Daily Life Using Accelerometers
Catherine E. Lang 1,2,3, Kimberly J. Waddell 1, Joseph W. Klaesner 1,4,5, Marghuretta D. Bland 1,2,3
1Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, 2Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, 3Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 5Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University

This protocol describes a method to quantify upper limb performance in daily life using wrist-worn accelerometers.

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Medicine

Breast Milk Enhances Growth of Enteroids: An Ex Vivo Model of Cell Proliferation
Wyatt E. Lanik 1, Lily Xu 2, Cliff J. Luke 1, Elise Z. Hu 2, Pranjal Agrawal 2, Victoria S. Liu 2, Rajesh Kumar 1, Alexa M. Bolock 1, Congrong Ma 3, Misty Good 1
1Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 2Washington University, 3Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

This protocol describes how to establish an enteroid culture system from neonatal mouse or premature human intestine as well as an efficient method to collect milk from mice.

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Biochemistry

Biosynthesis of a Flavonol from a Flavanone by Establishing a One-pot Bienzymatic Cascade
Zhiping Zhang 1, Shuhang Fan 1, Zhiqiang Chen 1, Yanzhi He 1, Mengfei Huang 1, Li Ding 1, Yanyan Zhang 5, Lin Chen 1, Xinyue Zhang 1,2,3,4
1College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 2Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, 3Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Yangzhou University, 4Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, 5The Testing Center, Yangzhou University

The derivation of a flavonol is crucial for its application in healthcare and the food industry. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for the biosynthesis of a flavonol from a flavanone and discuss the crucial steps and its advantages over other approaches.

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Biology

Isolation of Human Neutrophils from Whole Blood and Buffy Coats
Alan Y. Hsu 1, Zhicheng Peng 1, Hongbo Luo 1, Fabien Loison 1,2
1Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Lab Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston, and Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, 2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University

This protocol details a method for the isolation of neutrophils from whole blood, buffy coats, or leukapheresis membranes, achieving good yield, high purity, and minimal cell activation. We utilize gradient purification, red blood cell (RBC) sedimentation, and RBC lysis to obtain a high-quality/purity neutrophil preparation.

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Environment

Visualizing Field Data Collection Procedures of Exposure and Biomarker Assessments for the Household Air Pollution Intervention Network Trial in India
Karthikeyan D. Rajamani 1, Sankar Sambandam 1, Krishnendu Mukhopadhyay 1, Naveen Puttaswamy 1, Gurusamy Thangavel 1, Durairaj Natesan 1, Rengaraj Ramasamy 1, Saritha Sendhil 1, Amudha Natarajan 1, Vigneswari Aravindalochan 1, Ajay Pillarisetti 2, Michael Johnson 3, Joshua Rosenthal *4, Kyle Steenland 5, Ricardo Piedhrahita 3, Jennifer Peel 6, Maggie L. Clark 6, Dana Boyd Barr 5, Sarah Rajkumar 6, Bonnie Young 6, Shirin Jabbarzadeh 7, Ghislaine Rosa 8, Miles Kirby 9, Lindsay J. Underhill 10, Anaite Diaz-Artiga 11, Amy Lovvorn 5, William Checkley 12, Thomas Clasen 5, Kalpana Balakrishnan 1
1Department of Environmental Health Engineering, ICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air Quality, Climate and Health, Faculty of Public Health, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed University), 2Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, 3Berkeley Air Monitoring Group, 4Division of International Epidemiology and Population Studies, National Institutes of Health, 5Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 6Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 7Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 8Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 9Department of Global Health & Population, Harvard, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 10Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University, 11Centro de Estudios en Salud, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, 12Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University

We detail the consistent, high-quality procedures used throughout air and biological sampling processes at Indian field sites during a large randomized controlled trial. Insights gathered from the oversight of applications of innovative technologies, adapted for exposure assessment in rural regions, enable better field data collection practices with more reliable outcomes.

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Engineering

A Coregistered Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging Protocol for the Transvaginal Imaging of Ovarian Lesions
Haolin Nie 1, Hongbo Luo 2, Lin Chen 1, Quing Zhu 1,3
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, 2Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University, 3Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine

We report a coregistered ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging protocol for the transvaginal imaging of ovarian/adnexal lesions. The protocol may be valuable to other translational photoacoustic imaging studies, especially those using commercial ultrasound arrays for the detection of photoacoustic signals and standard delay-and-sum beamforming algorithms for imaging.

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Bioengineering

Electromyometrial Imaging of Uterine Contractions in Pregnant Women
Hui Wang *1,2,3, Zichao Wen *2,3, Wenjie Wu 2,3,4, Zhexian Sun 2,3,4, Qing Wang 5, Alan L. Schwartz 6, Phillip Cuculich 7, Alison G. Cahill 8, George A. Macones 8, Yong Wang 2,3,4,5
1Department of Physics, Washington University, 2Center for Reproductive Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, 5Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 6Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, 7Department of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 8Department of Women's Health, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School

We present a protocol for conducting electromyometrial imaging (EMMI), including the following procedures: multiple electromyography electrode sensor recordings from the body surface, magnetic resonance imaging, and uterine electrical signal reconstruction.

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Biochemistry

Characterizing Modulators of Protease-Activated Receptors with a Calcium Mobilization Assay Using a Plate Reader
Jacob T. DeRousse 1,2,3, Chris Dockendorff 1,2
1Function Therapeutics, 2Department of Chemistry, Marquette University, 3School of Medicine, Washington University

An improved protocol for a calcium mobilization assay with endothelial cells, used to identify ligands of protease-activated receptors (PARs), has been developed. The new protocol reduces total assay time by 90-120 min and yields reproducible concentration-response curves.

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