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7 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

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Developmental Biology

Stem cell-like Xenopus Embryonic Explants to Study Early Neural Developmental Features In Vitro and In Vivo
Beatrice C. Durand 1,2,3,4
1Institut Curie, 2UMR 3387, CNRS, 3PSL Research University, 4Université Paris-Sud

In Xenopus embryos, cells from the roof of the blastocoel are pluripotent and can be programmed to generate various tissues. Here, we describe protocols to use amphibian blastocoel roof explants as an assay system to investigate key in vivo and in vitro features of early neural development.

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Biology

An Easy Method for Plant Polysome Profiling
Cécile Lecampion 1,2,3, Maïna Floris 1,2,3,4, Jean Raphaël Fantino 5,6, Christophe Robaglia 1,2,3, Christophe Laloi 1,2,3
1Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, Aix-Marseille Université, 2UMR 7265 Biologie Végétale & Microbiologie Environnementales, CNRS, 3BIAM, CEA, 4Department of Biology, Biocenter, University of Copenhagen, 5Laboratoire de Chimie Bactérienne, 6CNRS, LCB UMR 7283, Aix Marseille Université

This protocol describes an easy method to extract and fractionate transcripts from plant tissues on the basis of the number of bound ribosomes. It allows a global estimate of translation activity and the determination of the translational status of specific mRNAs.

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Cancer Research

Operating Procedures of the Electrochemotherapy for Treatment of Tumor in Dogs and Cats
Natasa Tozon 1, Ursa Lampreht Tratar 2, Katarina Znidar 3, Gregor Sersa 2, Justin Teissie 4,5, Maja Cemazar 2,3
1Clinic for Surgery and Small Animals, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 2Department of Experimental Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 3Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Primorska, 4IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), CNRS, 5IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), Université de Toulouse

Electrochemotherapy is the local treatment of solid tumors. The main mechanism is electroporation-mediated permeabilization of the tumor cells' membrane which enables increased internalization of cytostatics like bleomycin and cisplatin. Thus, antitumor effectiveness is potentiated at the site of the application of electric pulses to the tumors.

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Chemistry

In Situ Detection and Single Cell Quantification of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Using Nuclear Microprobe Analysis
Giovanna Muggiolu *1,2, Marina Simon *1,2, Nathanael Lampe 1,2, Guillaume Devès 1,2, Philippe Barberet 1,2, Claire Michelet 1,2, Marie-Hélène Delville 3,4, Hervé Seznec 1,2
1Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université de Bordeaux, 2Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), CNRS, 3Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condens é e de Bordeaux (ICMCB), CNRS, 4Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condens é e de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux

We describe a procedure for the detection of chemical elements present in situ in human cells as well as their in vitro quantification. The method is well-suited to any cell type and is particularly useful for quantitative chemical analyses in single cells following in vitro metal oxide nanoparticles exposure.

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Neuroscience

Long-term Sensory Conflict in Freely Behaving Mice
Filipa França de Barros 1,2, Julie Carcaud 2, Mathieu Beraneck 1,2
1Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, UMR8002, CNRS, 2Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes

The presented protocol produces a persistent sensory conflict for experiments aimed at studying long-term learning. By permanently wearing a fixed device on their heads, mice are continuously exposed to a sensory mismatch between visual and vestibular inputs while freely moving in home cages.

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Neuroscience

In Vivo Intracerebral Stereotaxic Injections for Optogenetic Stimulation of Long-Range Inputs in Mouse Brain Slices
Louis Richevaux 1,2, Louise Schenberg 1,2, Mathieu Beraneck 1,2, Desdemona Fricker 1,2
1CNRS (Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center, UMR 8002), 2Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité

This protocol describes a set of methods to identify the cell-type specific functional connectivity of long-range inputs from distant brain regions using optogenetic stimulations in ex vivo brain slices.

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Chemistry

Analyzing Melts and Fluids from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations with the UMD Package
Razvan Caracas 1,2, Anais Kobsch 1, Natalia V. Solomatova 1, Zhi Li 1, Francois Soubiran 1,3, Jean-Alexis Hernandez 1,2
1Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Laboratory of Geology of Lyon UMR5276, CNRS, 2Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, 3CEA, DAM, DIF

Melts and fluids are ubiquitous vectors of mass transport in natural systems. We have developed an open-source package to analyze ab initio molecular-dynamics simulations of such systems. We compute structural (bonding, clusterization, chemical speciation), transport (diffusion, viscosity) and thermodynamic properties (vibrational spectrum).

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