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University of Arkansas

18 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

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Environment

Tracking Microbial Contamination in Retail Environments Using Fluorescent Powder - A Retail Delicatessen Environment Example
Sujata A. Sirsat 1, Kawon Kim 1, Kristen E. Gibson 2, Phillip G. Crandall 2, Steven C. Ricke 2, Jack A. Neal 1
1Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management, University of Houston, 2Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas

The overall goal of this study was to demonstrate the potential cross contamination mechanism of foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes in a retail deli setting. This methodology may be applied to a variety of different environments to track pathogen contamination.  

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Biology

Experimental Multiscale Methodology for Predicting Material Fouling Resistance
Pavlina Karafillis 1, Abdulla Alhajri 2, Vikash Mishra 3, Leigh Lin 1, Rasheed Auguste 2, Gabrielle Ledoux 2, Alan Schwartzman 4, Ekaterina Paramonova 2, Michael P. Short 2
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 4Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Fouling, or corrosion product deposition, plagues numerous fields of energy production. At its core is adhesion between dissimilar materials. Understanding and controlling adhesion could reduce or eliminate fouling. This paper demonstrates pool boiling experiments (macroscale) and atomic force microscope force-spectroscopy measurements (microscale), which when in agreement, indicate fouling-resistance.

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Bioengineering

Multimodal Imaging and Spectroscopy Fiber-bundle Microendoscopy Platform for Non-invasive, In Vivo Tissue Analysis
Gage J. Greening 1, Narasimhan Rajaram 1, Timothy J. Muldoon 1
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas

The assembly and use of a multimodal microendoscope is described which can co-register superficial tissue image data with tissue physiological parameters including hemoglobin concentration, melanin concentration, and oxygen saturation. This technique can be useful for evaluating tissue structure and perfusion, and can be optimized for individual needs of the investigator.

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Developmental Biology

Isolation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Human Umbilical Cord Blood
Prashanth Ravishankar 1, M. Alejandra Zeballos 1, Kartik Balachandran 1
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas

The goal of this protocol is to isolate endothelial progenitor cells from umbilical cord blood. Some of the applications include using these cells as a biomarker for identifying patients with cardiovascular risk, treating ischemic diseases, and creating tissue-engineered vascular and heart valve constructs.

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Immunology and Infection

A Facile Protocol to Generate Site-Specifically Acetylated Proteins in Escherichia Coli
Sumana Venkat 1,2, Caroline Gregory 3, Kexin Meng 4, Qinglei Gan 1, Chenguang Fan 1,2
1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 2Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, 3Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 4Fayetteville High School

Genetic code expansion serves as a powerful tool to study a wide range of biological processes, including protein acetylation. Here we demonstrate a facile protocol to exploit this technique for generating homogeneously acetylated proteins at specific sites in Escherichia coli cells.

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Behavior

Using the Visual World Paradigm to Study Sentence Comprehension in Mandarin-Speaking Children with Autism
Peng Zhou *1, Weiyi Ma *2, Likan Zhan *3, Huimin Ma *4
1Department of Foreign Languages and Literatures, Tsinghua University, 2School of Human Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 3Institute for Speech Pathology and the Brain Science, Beijing Language and Culture University, 4Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University

We present a protocol to examine the use of morphological cues during real-time sentence comprehension by children with autism.

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Chemistry

Exfoliation and Analysis of Large-area, Air-Sensitive Two-Dimensional Materials
Josh P. Thompson 1, M. Hasan Doha 1, Peter Murphy 1,2, Jin Hu 1,3, Hugh O.H. Churchill 1,3
1Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, 2Department of Physics, SUNY Geneseo, 3Institute for Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University of Arkansas

A method for exfoliating large thin flakes of air sensitive two-dimensional materials and safely transporting them for analysis outside of a glovebox is presented.

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Bioengineering

Production of Extracellular Matrix Fibers via Sacrificial Hollow Fiber Membrane Cell Culture
Kevin Roberts 1, John Taehwan Kim 2, Shelby White 2, Jamie Hestekin 3, Jeffrey C. Wolchok 2
1Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 3Ralph E. Martin Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas

The goal of this protocol is production of whole extracellular matrix fibers targeted for wound repair which are suitable for preclinical evaluation as part of a regenerative scaffold implant. These fibers are produced by the culture of fibroblasts on hollow fiber membranes and extracted by dissolution of the membranes.

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Environment

Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin Production in Transgenic Maize Expressing the α-amylase Inhibitor from Lablab purpureus L.
Kanniah Rajasekaran 1, Ronald J. Sayler 2, Rajtilak Majumdar 1, Christine M. Sickler 1, Jeffrey W. Cary 1
1Southern Regional Research Center, USDA-ARS, Food and Feed Safety Research Unit, 2Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas

Here we present a protocol to analyze Aspergillus flavus growth and aflatoxin production in maize kernels expressing an antifungal protein.  Using a GFP-expressing A. flavus strain we monitored the infection and spread of the fungus in mature kernels in real time. The assay is rapid, reliable, and reproducible.

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Developmental Biology

Genotyping of Sea Anemone during Early Development
Miguel A.P. Silva 1, Nagayasu Nakanishi 1
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas

The goal of this protocol is to genotype the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis during gastrulation without sacrificing the embryo.

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Immunology and Infection

Targeted Antibody Blocking by a Dual-Functional Conjugate of Antigenic Peptide and Fc-III Mimetics (DCAF)
Xue Bai *1,2, Lin Zhang *3, Jin Hu 2, Xiuxiu Zhao 2, Jinheng Pan 2, Haiteng Deng 3, Shan Feng 1,2
1Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 2Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 3MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University

Development of a dual-functional conjugate of antigenic peptide and Fc-III mimetics (DCAF) is novel for the elimination of harmful antibodies. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the synthesis of DCAF1 molecule, which can selectively block 4G2 antibody to eliminate antibody dependent enhancement effect during Dengue virus infection.

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Engineering

Terahertz Imaging and Characterization Protocol for Freshly Excised Breast Cancer Tumors
Nagma Vohra *1, Tyler Bowman *1, Keith Bailey 2, Magda El-Shenawee 1
1Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 2Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Oklahoma State University

Freshly excised human breast cancer tumors are characterized with terahertz spectroscopy and imaging following fresh tissue handling protocols. Tissue positioning is taken into consideration to enable effective characterization while providing analysis in a timely manner for future intraoperative applications.

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Education

Micromechanical Tension Testing of Additively Manufactured 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Specimens
David Gonzalez-Nino 1, Steven Sonntag 2, Mahyar Afshar-Mohajer 2, Josh Goss 2, Min Zou 2, Gary S. Prinz 1
1Department of Civil Engineering, University of Arkansas, 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas

Presented here is a procedure for measuring fundamental material properties through micromechanical tension testing. Described are the methods for micro-tensile specimen fabrication (allowing rapid micro-specimen fabrication from bulk material volumes by combining photolithography, chemical etching, and focused ion beam milling), indenter tip modification, and micromechanical tension testing (including an example).

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Biochemistry

The Automated Crystallography Pipelines at the EMBL HTX Facility in Grenoble
Irina Cornaciu 1,2, Raphael Bourgeas 1, Guillaume Hoffmann 1, Florine Dupeux 1,3, Anne-Sophie Humm 1, Vincent Mariaule 1, Andrea Pica 1,2, Damien Clavel 1,2, Gael Seroul 1,2, Peter Murphy 1, José Antonio Márquez 1,2
1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 2ALPX S.A.S., 3Institut de Biologie Structurale

Here, we describe how to use the automated macromolecular crystallography pipelines for protein-to-structure, rapid ligand-protein complex analysis and large-scale fragment screening based on the CrystalDirect technology at the HTX Laboratory in EMBL Grenoble.

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Developmental Biology

Using Expansion Microscopy to Physically Enlarge Whole-Mount Drosophila Embryos for Super-Resolution Imaging
Samia Parveen 1, Nicolas W. Jones 1, Ian Millerschultz 1, Adam C. Paré 1
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas

Here, a protocol for the implementation of expansion microscopy in early Drosophila embryos to achieve super-resolution imaging using a conventional laser-scanning confocal microscope is presented.

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Methods for Characterizing Cell Morphology and Protein Localization During Development and Regeneration
Adam C. Paré 1
1Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas

Methods for Characterizing Cell Morphology and Protein Localization During Development and Regeneration

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Biology

An Adapted Optical Density-Based Microplate Assay for Characterizing Actinobacteriophage Infection
Elijah I. Christenson 1, Qingyang Zhang 2, Ruth Plymale 1
1Department of Biology, Ouachita Baptist University, 2Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Arkansas

An optical density-based microplate method is described to quantify long-term bacterial growth in the presence of bacteriophages, suitable for actinomycetes and other slow-growing bacteria. This method includes modifications to reduce evaporation and lid condensation and R code to calculate virus infection metrics, including the area under the curve, growth maximum, and relative virulence.

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Bioengineering

Development of Combinatorial Therapeutics for Spinal Cord Injury using Stem Cell Delivery
Inha Baek 1, Younghye Song 1
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas

In this study, nerve-mimetic composite hydrogels were developed and characterized that can be utilized to investigate and capitalize on the pro-regenerative behavior of adipose-derived stem cells for spinal cord injury repair.

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