imaging-cleared-embryonic-postnatal-hearts-at-single-cell

Imaging Cleared Embryonic and Postnatal Hearts at Single-cell Resolution

Single clonal tracing and analysis at the whole-heart level can determine cardiac progenitor cell behavior and differentiation during cardiac development, ...

Albany Medical College

We have designed and fabricated a directed logic architecture consisting of two silicon microring resonators that can perform XOR and XNOR operations. The microring resonators are modulated through thermo-optic effect. Two electrical modulating signals applied to the microring resonators represent the two operands of the logical operation. The logical function is evaluated through the directed propagation of light in the device, and the result is represented by the output optical signal. Both XOR and XNOR operations at 20 kbits are demonstrated.

Demonstration of directed XOR/XNOR logic gates using two cascaded microring resonators.

We report the simultaneous implementation of the XOR and XNOR operations at two ports of a directed logic circuit based on two cascaded microring resonators (MRRs), which are both modulated through thermo-optic effect. Two electrical modulating signals applied to the MRRs represent the two operands of each logic operation. Simultaneous bitwise XOR and XNOR operations at 10 kbit/s are demonstrated in two different operating modes. We show that such a circuit can be readily realized using the plasma dispersion effect or the electric field effects, indicating its potential for high-speed operation. We further employ the scattering matrix method to analyze the spectral characteristics of the fabricated circuit, which can be regarded as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) in whole. The two MRRs in the circuit act as wavelength-dependent splitting and combining units of the MZI. The degradation of the spectra observed in the experiment is found to be related to the length difference between the MZI's two arms. The evolution of the spectra with this length difference is presented.

Simultaneous implementation of XOR and XNOR operations using a directed logic circuit based on two microring resonators.

We propose and demonstrate a directed OR/NOR and AND/NAND logic circuit consisting of two parallel microring resonators (MRRs). We use two electrical signals representing the two operands of the logical operation to modulate the two MRRs through the thermo-optic effect, respectively. The final operation results are represented by the output optical signals. Both OR/NOR and AND/NAND operations at 10 kbps are demonstrated.

Proof of concept of directed OR/NOR and AND/NAND logic circuit consisting of two parallel microring resonators.

We propose and demonstrate a directed optical decoder that can perform the decoding function from a two-bit electrical signal to a four-bit optical signal based on two cascaded microring resonators. We use two electrical signals regarded as a two-bit electrical signal to modulate the two microring resonators through the thermo-optic effect and four optical signals regarded as a four-bit optical signal appear at the output ports, respectively. The device operating at 10 kbps is demonstrated.

Demonstration of a directed optical decoder using two cascaded microring resonators.

Highly luminescent near-infrared (NIR) emitting CdTe/CdSe quantum dots (QDs) were prepared through a fast and convenient method, and a new type of multivalent polymer ligands was used as the surface substituents to prepare highly stable hydrophilic QDs with small sizes. The well-defined CdTe/CdSe QDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. The as-prepared CdTe/CdSe QDs were photostable with high PL quantum yields (QYs) (up to 66% at room temperature), low toxicity to cells at experimental dosages, and the QDs' fluorescence emissions were tunable between 700 and 820 nm. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging using CdTe/CdSe QDs conjugated with the AS1411 aptamer (targeting nucleolin) probe in cancer cells was reported, and the CdTe/CdSe QDs were also successfully applied for the fluorescence imaging of living animals. Our preliminary results illustrated that the CdTe/CdSe NIR-QDs with small sizes would be an alternative probe for ultrasensitive, multicolor, and multiplex applications, especially for in vivo imaging applications.

A fast synthesis of near-infrared emitting CdTe/CdSe quantum dots with small hydrodynamic diameter for in vivo imaging probes.

We design and fabricate a four-port optical router, which is composed of eight microring-resonator-based switching elements, four optical waveguides and six waveguide crossings. The extinction ratio is about 13 dB for the through port and larger than 30 dB for the drop port. The crosstalk of the measured optical links is less than -13 dB. The average tuning power consumption is about 10.37 mW and the tuning efficiency is 5.398 mW/nm. The routing functionality and optical signal integrity are verified by transmitting a 12.5 Gb/s PRBS optical signal.

Microring-resonator-based four-port optical router for photonic networks-on-chip.

We experimentally demonstrate a spatially non-blocking five-port optical router, which is based on microring resonators tuned through the thermo-optic effect. The characteristics of the microring-resonator-based switching element are investigated to achieve balanced performances in its two output ports. The optical router is fabricated on the SOI platform using standard CMOS processing. The effective footprint of the device is about 440×660 μm2. The microring resonators have 3-dB bandwidths of larger than 0.31 nm (38 GHz), and extinction ratios of better than 21 dB for through ports and 16 dB for drop ports. Finally, 12.5 Gbps high-speed signal transmission experiments verify the routing functionality of the optical router.

Five-port optical router for photonic networks-on-chip.

Recent analyses revealed that estrogen receptor? a and hedgehog signal pathway both play important roles in gastric adenocarcinoma. Estrogen receptor? a has been shown to be involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and tumorigenesis of gastrointestinal tract epithelium. Hedgehog family which includes Sonic (Shh), Indian (Ihh) and Desert (Dhh) hedgehogs, is involved in the vast majority of cellular processes and is fundamentally important in regulating cell proliferation, tissue generation and cell differentiation in adenocarcinoma. Experimental and mechanistic findings indicate that down-regulation of expression ER can induce expression of Shh in ER positive cancer cell lines. In this review, we summarize the implications of cellular and molecular mechanisms of estrogen receptor? a and hedgehog signal pathway related to the biochemistry and cell biology in gastric adenocarcinoma.

Estrogen receptor α and hedgehog signal pathway developmental biology of gastric adenocarcinoma.

We demonstrate a carrier-depletion Mach-Zehnder silicon optical modulator, which is compatible with CMOS fabrication process and works well at a low driving voltage. This is achieved by the optimization of the coplanar waveguide electrode to reduce the electrical signal transmission loss. At the same time, the velocity and impedance matching are both considered. The 12.5 Gbit/s data transmission experiment of the fabricated device with a 2-mm-long phase shifter is performed. The driving voltages with the swing amplitudes of 1 V and 2 V and the reverse bias voltages of 0.5 V and 0.8 V are applied to the device, respectively. The corresponding extinction ratios are 7.67 and 12.79 dB.

Low-voltage, high-extinction-ratio, Mach-Zehnder silicon optical modulator for CMOS-compatible integration.

We demonstrate a 26 Gbit/s Mach-Zehnder silicon optical modulator. The doping concentration and profile are optimized, and a modulation efficiency with the figure of merit (VπL) of 1.28 V·cm is achieved. We design an 80-nm-wide intrinsic silicon gap between the p-type and n-type doped regions to reduce the capacitance of the diode and prevent the diode from working in a slow diffusion mode. Therefore, the modulator can be driven with a small differential voltage of 0.5 V with no bias. Without the elimination of the dissipated power of the series resistors and the reflected power of the electrical signal, the maximum power consumption is 3.8 mW.

Ultra-low-power carrier-depletion Mach-Zehnder silicon optical modulator.

We report the implementation of the XOR and XNOR operations using an electro-optic directed logic circuit based on two cascaded silicon microring resonators (MRRs), which are both modulated through the plasma dispersion effect. PIN diodes are embedded around the MRRs to achieve the carrier-injection modulation. The inherent resonance wavelength mismatch between the two nominally identical MRRs caused by fabrication errors is compensated by two local microheaters above each MRR through the thermo-optic effect. Two electrical modulating signals applied to the MRRs represent the two operands of the two operations. Simultaneous bitwise XOR and XNOR operations at 100 Mbit/s are demonstrated.

Electro-optic directed logic circuit based on microring resonators for XOR/XNOR operations.

&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x62A5;&#x544A;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x7EA7;&#x8054;&#x7684;&#x7845;&#x8C10;&#x632F;&#x6EE4;&#x6CE2;&#x5668; (MRRs&#xFF09;&#xFF0C;&#x5B83;&#x4EEC;&#x90FD;&#x662F;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x4E00;&#x79CD;&#x7535;&#x5149;&#x5B9A;&#x5411;&#x7684;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#x7535;&#x8DEF;&#x7684;&#x5F02;&#x6216;&#x4E0E;&#x540C;&#x6216;&#x884C;&#x52A8;&#x7684;&#x6267;&#x884C;&#x8C03;&#x5236;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x7B49;&#x79BB;&#x5B50;&#x4F53;&#x8272;&#x6563;&#x6548;&#x5E94;&#x3002;PIN &#x4E8C;&#x6781;&#x7BA1;&#x5D4C;&#x5165;&#x5468;&#x56F4; MRRs &#x5B9E;&#x73B0;&#x8F7D;&#x4F53;&#x6CE8;&#x5C04;&#x6DB2;&#x8C03;&#x5236;&#x3002;&#x4EE5;&#x4E0A;&#x6BCF;&#x4E2A;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x70ED;&#x5149;&#x6548;&#x5E94;&#x7684;&#x91CD;&#x590D;&#x6027;&#x7684;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x5730;&#x65B9; microheaters&#xFF0C;&#x8DB3;&#x4EE5;&#x5F25;&#x8865;&#x5236;&#x9020;&#x9519;&#x8BEF;&#x6240;&#x9020;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x540D;&#x4E49;&#x4E0A;&#x76F8;&#x540C; MRRs &#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x56FA;&#x6709;&#x8C10;&#x632F;&#x6CE2;&#x957F;&#x4E0D;&#x5339;&#x914D;&#x3002;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x7535;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x8C03;&#x5236;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x4E8E; MRRs &#x8868;&#x793A;&#x8FD9;&#x4E24;&#x79CD;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x7684;&#x4E24;&#x4E2A;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x6570;&#x3002;&#x540C;&#x65F6;&#x4EE5; 100 Mbit/s &#x7684;&#x6309;&#x4F4D;&#x5F02;&#x6216;&#x4E0E;&#x540C;&#x6216;&#x8FD0;&#x7B97;&#x6F14;&#x793A;&#x4E86;&#x3002;

&#x7535;&#x5149;&#x9488;&#x5BF9;&#x57FA;&#x4E8E;&#x8C10;&#x632F;&#x6EE4;&#x6CE2;&#x5668;&#x7684;&#x5F02;&#x6216;/&#x540C;&#x6216;&#x4E1A;&#x52A1;&#x903B;&#x8F91;&#x7535;&#x8DEF;&#x3002;

Nous rapportons l&#39;ex&eacute;cution des op&eacute;rations XOR et XNOR utilisant un circuit de logique dirig&eacute; &eacute;lectro-optiques bas&eacute; sur deux r&eacute;sonateurs de microring silicium en cascade (SGRR), qui sont tous deux modul&eacute;es gr&acirc;ce &agrave; l&#39;effet de dispersion de plasma. Diodes PIN sont incorpor&eacute;s dans la SGRR pour atteindre la modulation de la porteuse-injection. Le d&eacute;calage de longueur d&#39;onde de r&eacute;sonance inh&eacute;rente entre la SGRR nominalement identique deux caus&eacute;s par des erreurs de fabrication est compens&eacute; par deux microheaters locales au-dessus de chaque MRR gr&acirc;ce &agrave; l&#39;effet d&#39;optique thermo. Deux signaux de modulation &eacute;lectriques appliqu&eacute;es &agrave; la SGRR repr&eacute;sentent deux op&eacute;randes des deux op&eacute;rations. Op&eacute;rations simultan&eacute;es op&eacute;ration de bits XOR et XNOR &agrave; 100 Mbit/s sont d&eacute;montr&eacute;es.

Electro-optique r&eacute;alis&eacute; logigramme issu des r&eacute;sonateurs de microring pour les op&eacute;rations de XOR/XNOR.

Wir berichten, die Durchf&uuml;hrung der XOR und XNOR mit eine elektrooptischen gerichtete Logik-Schaltung basiert auf zwei kaskadierten Silizium Microring Resonatoren (MRRs), die beide durch den Plasma-Dispersion-Effekt moduliert. PIN-Dioden werden eingebettet, um die MRRs die Tr&auml;ger-Injektion-Modulation zu erreichen. Das inh&auml;rente Resonanz Wellenl&auml;nge Missverh&auml;ltnis zwischen den zwei nominell identische MRRs durch Fertigung St&ouml;rungen verursacht wird durch zwei lokale Microheaters &uuml;ber jede MRR durch den Thermo-optische Effekt kompensiert. Zwei elektrische modulierende Signale, die auf die MRRs angewendet repr&auml;sentieren die beiden Operanden der zwei Operationen. Gleichzeitige bitweise XOR und XNOR-Operationen mit 100 Mbit/s werden veranschaulicht.

Elektro-optischen gerichtet Logik-Schaltung, die auf der Grundlage von Microring Resonatoren f&uuml;r XOR/XNOR-Operationen.

Riportiamo l&#39;attuazione delle operazioni di XOR e XNOR utilizzando un circuito logico diretto elettro-ottici basato su due risonatori di microring di silicio a cascata (MRRs), che sono entrambi modulata attraverso l&#39;effetto di dispersione al plasma. Diodi PIN sono incastonati intorno il MRRs per ottenere la modulazione portante-iniezione. La mancata corrispondenza lunghezza d&#39;onda di risonanza intrinseca tra le due MRRs nominali identici causati da errori di fabbricazione &egrave; compensata da due locali microheaters sopra ogni MRR attraverso l&#39;effetto termo-ottica. Due segnali elettrici modulante applicati per il MRRs rappresentano i due operandi delle due operazioni. Sono dimostrate operazioni bit per bit XOR e XNOR simultanee a 100 Mbit/s.

Electro-optic diretto circuito logico basato su risonatori microring per operazioni di XOR/XNOR.

&#x30D7;&#x30E9;&#x30BA;&#x30DE;&#x5206;&#x6563;&#x52B9;&#x679C;&#x3092;&#x901A;&#x3058;&#x3066;&#x3001;&#x30DE;&#x30A4;&#x30AF;&#x30ED;&#x3069;&#x3061;&#x3089;&#x3082; 2 &#x3064;&#x30AB;&#x30B9;&#x30B1;&#x30FC;&#x30C9; &#x30B7;&#x30EA;&#x30B3;&#x30F3; &#x30EA;&#x30F3;&#x30B0;&#x5171;&#x632F;&#x5668;&#x4E0A; (MRRs) &#x3092;&#x7528;&#x3044;&#x305F;&#x96FB;&#x6C17;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x30C7;&#x30A3;&#x30EC;&#x30AF;&#x30C6;&#x30C3;&#x30C9; &#x30ED;&#x30B8;&#x30C3;&#x30AF;&#x56DE;&#x8DEF;&#x3092;&#x4F7F;&#x7528;&#x3057;&#x3066; XOR &#x3068; XNOR &#x306E;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x306E;&#x5B9F;&#x88C5;&#x3092;&#x5909;&#x8ABF;&#x3092;&#x5831;&#x544A;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;PIN &#x30C0;&#x30A4;&#x30AA;&#x30FC;&#x30C9; &#x30AD;&#x30E3;&#x30EA;&#x30A2;&#x6CE8;&#x5165;&#x5909;&#x8ABF;&#x3092;&#x5B9F;&#x73FE;&#x3059;&#x308B; MRRs &#x306E;&#x5468;&#x308A;&#x306B;&#x57CB;&#x3081;&#x8FBC;&#x307E;&#x308C;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;&#x56FA;&#x6709;&#x306E;&#x5171;&#x632F;&#x6CE2;&#x9577;&#x306E;&#x4E0D;&#x4E00;&#x81F4;&#x88FD;&#x4F5C;&#x8AA4;&#x5DEE;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x5F15;&#x304D;&#x8D77;&#x3053;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x308B; 2 &#x3064;&#x306E;&#x540D;&#x76EE;&#x4E0A;&#x306E;&#x540C;&#x4E00; MRRs &#x5404; MRR &#x71B1;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x52B9;&#x679C;&#x306B;&#x3088;&#x308A;&#x4E0A;&#x8A18;&#x306E; 2 &#x3064;&#x306E;&#x30ED;&#x30FC;&#x30AB;&#x30EB; microheaters &#x306B;&#x3088;&#x3063;&#x3066;&#x88DC;&#x511F;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x3066;&#x3044;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;2 &#x3064;&#x306E;&#x96FB;&#x6C17;&#x5909;&#x8ABF;&#x4FE1;&#x53F7;&#x3092; MRRs &#x306B;&#x9069;&#x7528;&#x3055;&#x308C;&#x308B; 2 &#x3064;&#x306E;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x306E; 2 &#x3064;&#x306E;&#x30AA;&#x30DA;&#x30E9;&#x30F3;&#x30C9;&#x3092;&#x8868;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;100 Mbit/&#x79D2;&#x3067;&#x540C;&#x6642;&#x30D3;&#x30C3;&#x30C8;&#x3054;&#x3068;&#x306E; XOR &#x3068; XNOR &#x306E;&#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x65B9;&#x6CD5;&#x3092;&#x793A;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3059;&#x3002;

&#x96FB;&#x6C17;&#x5149;&#x5B66;&#x8AD6;&#x7406; XOR/XNOR &#x64CD;&#x4F5C;&#x306E;&#x305F;&#x3081;&#x306E;&#x30DE;&#x30A4;&#x30AF;&#x30ED; &#x30EA;&#x30F3;&#x30B0;&#x5171;&#x632F;&#x5668;&#x306B;&#x57FA;&#x3065;&#x304F;&#x56DE;&#x8DEF;&#x3092;&#x6307;&#x793A;&#x3057;&#x307E;&#x3057;&#x305F;&#x3002;

&#xC6B0;&#xB9AC;&#xB294; &#xC804;&#xAE30; &#xAD11;&#xD559; &#xAC10;&#xB3C5;&#xB41C; &#xB17C;&#xB9AC; &#xD68C;&#xB85C; &#xAE30;&#xBC18;&#xC73C;&#xB85C; &#xB450; &#xAC1C;&#xC758; &#xC885;&#xC18D; &#xC5F0;&#xACB0; &#xB41C; &#xC2E4;&#xB9AC;&#xCF58; microring &#xACF5;&#xBA85; (MRRs) &#xBAA8;&#xB450;&#xB97C; &#xC0AC;&#xC6A9; &#xD558; &#xC5EC; XOR &#xBC0F; XNOR &#xC791;&#xC5C5; &#xAD6C;&#xD604; &#xD50C;&#xB77C;&#xC988;&#xB9C8; &#xBD84;&#xC0B0; &#xD6A8;&#xACFC; &#xD1B5;&#xD574; &#xBCC0;&#xC870; &#xB41C; &#xBCF4;&#xACE0;&#xC11C;. &#xD540; &#xB2E4;&#xC774;&#xC624;&#xB4DC; &#xCE90;&#xB9AC;&#xC5B4; &#xC8FC;&#xC785; &#xBCC0;&#xC870;&#xB97C; &#xB2EC;&#xC131; &#xD558;&#xAE30; &#xC704;&#xD574; MRRs &#xC8FC;&#xC704; &#xD3EC;&#xD568; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. &#xAD6C;&#xC131; &#xC624;&#xB958;&#xB85C; &#xC778;&#xD574; &#xB450; &#xAC1C;&#xC758; &#xBA85;&#xBAA9;&#xC0C1; &#xB3D9;&#xC77C; MRRs &#xC0AC;&#xC774;&#xC758; &#xACE0;&#xC720;&#xD55C; &#xACF5;&#xBA85; &#xD30C;&#xC7A5; &#xBD88;&#xC77C;&#xCE58; &#xC5F4; &#xAD11;&#xD559; &#xD6A8;&#xACFC; &#xD1B5;&#xD574; &#xAC01; MRR &#xC704;&#xC758; &#xB450; &#xC9C0;&#xC5ED; microheaters&#xC5D0; &#xC758;&#xD574; &#xBCF4;&#xC0C1; &#xB429;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. 2 &#xAC1C;&#xC758; &#xC804;&#xAE30; &#xBCC0;&#xC870; &#xC2E0;&#xD638;&#xB97C; Mrrs&#xC5D0; &#xC801;&#xC6A9; &#xB41C; &#xB450; &#xC5F0;&#xC0B0;&#xC758; &#xB450; &#xD53C;&#xC5F0;&#xC0B0;&#xC790;&#xB97C; &#xB098;&#xD0C0;&#xB0C5;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;. 100 Mbit/s&#xC5D0;&#xC11C; &#xB3D9;&#xC2DC; &#xBE44;&#xD2B8; XOR &#xBC0F; XNOR &#xC791;&#xC5C5;&#xC744; &#xBCF4;&#xC5EC; &#xC90D;&#xB2C8;&#xB2E4;.

&#xC804;&#xAE30; &#xAD11;&#xD559; XOR/XNOR &#xC791;&#xC5C5;&#xC6A9; microring &#xACF5; &#xC9C4; &#xAE30; &#xAE30;&#xBC18; &#xB17C;&#xB9AC; &#xD68C;&#xB85C; &#xAC10;&#xB3C5;.

Divulgamos la ejecuci&oacute;n de las operaciones XOR y XNOR utilizando un circuito de l&oacute;gica dirigido electro-&oacute;pticos, basado en dos en cascada de silicio microring resonadores (MRRs), que son ambos modulada por el efecto de dispersi&oacute;n de plasma. Diodos PIN se encajan en los MRRs para lograr la modulaci&oacute;n de la portadora-inyecci&oacute;n. El desajuste de la longitud de onda de resonancia inherente entre las dos MRRs nominalmente id&eacute;nticas ocasionados por errores de fabricaci&oacute;n es compensado por dos microheaters locales sobre cada MRR a trav&eacute;s del efecto de thermo-&oacute;ptica. Dos se&ntilde;ales de modulaci&oacute;n el&eacute;ctricas aplicadas a las MRRs representan los dos operandos de las dos operaciones. Simult&aacute;neas operaciones bit a bit del XOR y XNOR a 100 Mbit/s se demuestran.

Electro &oacute;ptica dirigida circuito de l&oacute;gica basado en resonadores de microring para operaciones XOR/XNOR.

Optical computing is a new method to implement signal processing functions. The multiplication between a vector and a matrix is an important arithmetic algorithm in the signal processing domain. The optical vector-matrix multiplier (OVMM) is an optoelectronic system to carry out this operation, which consists of an electronic module and an optical module. In this paper, we propose an optical module for OVMM. To eliminate the cross talk and make full use of the optical elements, an elaborately designed structure that involves spherical lenses and cylindrical lenses is utilized in this optical system. The optical design software package ZEMAX is used to optimize the parameters and simulate the whole system. Finally, experimental data is obtained through experiments to evaluate the overall performance of the system. The results of both simulation and experiment indicate that the system constructed can implement the multiplication between a matrix with dimensions of 16 by 16 and a vector with a dimension of 16 successfully.

Design and experimental verification for optical module of optical vector-matrix multiplier.

Background: Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer has a profound effect on the function of major digestive organs with resulting deterioration in nutrition status. There are currently no known evidence-based guidelines specific to the nutrition management of people with UGI cancer. This article aimed to review the current guidelines related to the nutrition management of surgical and nonsurgical cancer patients with the aim to collate similar findings to produce a summary of recommendations for clinicians. Gaps in current evidence were also identified. Methods: Guidelines with evidence grading systems were identified from CINAHL, Medline, Web of Science, and a manual search. The quality of guidelines was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) tool. Results: Twenty-six guidelines were retrieved. Most guidelines showed strong rigor, but only 23% were considered current, having been developed or reviewed in the past 3 years. A summary of recommendations was extrapolated from retrieved guidelines, based on a standardized evidence grading system and the quality score for each guideline. Conclusion: This review of current guidelines shows that many areas of nutrition management still require more evidence to support high-level recommendations. These include immunonutrition, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, and postdischarge complication management. More research is needed before evidence-based guidelines can be developed.

Yangyang Lu

Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology

Albany Medical College

Imaging Cleared Embryonic and Postnatal Hearts at Single-cell Resolution

Yangyang Lu

.css-o250i3{font-size:18px;font-family:Open Sans,sans-serif;line-height:21.6px;}Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology

Albany Medical College

Imaging Cleared Embryonic and Postnatal Hearts at Single-cell Resolution

Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology