Chapter 8
Motivation and Emotion
Introduzione alla Motivazione e all'Emozione
Motivation is a process of initiating, guiding, and maintaining actions to fulfill physiological or psychological needs or desires.
For example, feeling ...
Ciclo Motivazionale
The motivational cycle is a psychological framework that explains how individuals are driven to fulfill their needs, achieve goals, and restore ...
Motivi principali: fame e sete
Hunger and thirst are two basic physiological drives that guide survival behaviors in humans and animals.
Hunger is triggered when the brain detects ...
Motivi primari: sonno, sesso ed evitamento del dolore
Sleep, sex, and pain avoidance are key physiological motives that shape human and animal behavior.
Sleep, regulated by the hypothalamus and brainstem, ...
Motivi secondari: Motivazione al potere e motivazione al successo
Power motivation and achievement motivation are two key social motives identified by psychologist David McClelland.
Power motivation refers to the desire ...
Motivi secondari: motivazione all'affiliazione e motivazione all'aggressività
Affiliation motivation is the innate need to connect with others and belong to a social group and is crucial for maintaining relationships and overall ...
Teoria dell'istinto
Instinct theory suggests that humans have innate instincts that drive their behavior and decision-making.
Similar to how animals rely on instincts for ...
Teoria della riduzione della pulsione: teoria della spinta della motivazione
Clark Hull introduced the drive-reduction theory, often called the push theory of motivation.
This theory explains how biological drives such as hunger or ...
Teoria dell'incentivazione: teoria pull della motivazione
Incentive theory, or the pull theory of motivation, suggests that behavior is explained by the external stimulus and its rewarding properties, such as ...
Teoria dell'eccitazione ottimale
The optimal arousal theory is based on the Yerkes-Dodson law, formulated by Robert Yerkes and John Dodson. This law illustrates the relationship between ...
La teoria della gerarchia dei bisogni di Maslow
Abraham Maslow's theory of motivation is organized as a hierarchy of needs, where lower-level needs must be satisfied before pursuing higher ...
La teoria dell'autodeterminazione di Ryan e Deci
Self-determination theory, pioneered by Richard Ryan and Edward Deci, focuses on three fundamental organismic needs: autonomy, competence, and ...
Fisiologia dell'emozione
The physiology of emotions involves complex interactions between the autonomic nervous system, brain structures, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
The ...
Espressione emotiva
Emotional expression refers to how people show their feelings through spoken words and non-verbal actions.
This includes facial expressions, body ...
Etichettare l'emozione
Emotional labeling refers to the cognitive process of identifying and naming emotions such as anger, fear, happiness, or sadness.
Emotional labeling is ...
Teorie fisiologiche: teoria dell'emozione di James-Lange
The James-Lange theory of emotion, developed by William James and Carl Lange, suggests that emotions arise from physiological reactions to external ...
Teorie fisiologiche: Teoria dell'emozione di Cannon-Bard
The Cannon-Bard theory of emotion was developed by physiologists Walter Cannon and Philip Bard to explain the relationship between emotions and ...
Teorie cognitive: teoria dell'emozione di Schachter-Singer
Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer proposed the two-factor theory of emotion, focusing on physiological arousal and cognitive labeling. According to ...
Teorie cognitive: Lazzaro Teoria della Mediazione dell'Emozione
Richard Lazarus's cognitive mediational theory emphasizes the role of cognitive interpretation or appraisal. This appraisal mediates between the ...
Ipotesi del feedback facciale
Charles Darwin argued that facial expressions evolved to communicate intentions like threat or fear and are universal across species, not ...
Personale delle biblioteche
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