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Novel Passive Clearing Methods for the Rapid Production of Optical Transparency in Whole CNS Tissue

Since the development of CLARITY, a bioelectrochemical clearing technique that allows for three-dimensional phenotype mapping within transparent tissues, ...

Yonsei University College of Medicine

To determine the influence of different ratios of hydroxyapatite (HA)/beta tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and collagen augmentation for posterior lumbar fusion in a rat model.

The Influences of Different Ratios of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate and Collagen Augmentation on Posterior Lumbar Spinal Fusion in Rat Model.

The 2 groups of living human nucleus pulposus were prospectively compared according to disc degeneration.

Comparative expression of matrix-associated genes and inflammatory cytokines-associated genes according to disc degeneration: analysis of living human nucleus pulposus.

Local anesthetics combined with corticosteroids are commonly used for management of back pain in interventional spinal procedures. Several recent studies suggest cytotoxicity of bupivacaine, whereas others report protective and cytotoxic effects of corticosteroids on chondrocytes and intervertebral disc cells. Considering the frequent use of these agents in spinal interventions, it is meaningful to know how they affect intervertebral disc cells.

Triamcinolone decreases bupivacaine toxicity to intervertebral disc cell in vitro.

Ioxitalamate (Telebrix 300) is an ionic iodinated contrast medium commonly used for discography or percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD), though it has side effects such as anaphylactic shock and renal toxicity. Indigocarmine is an organic compound dye with a distinctive blue color that is commonly used during PELD to stain the acidic, degenerated nucleus pulposus (NP). Although ioxitalamate and indigocarmine are widely used in spinal surgery, there have been no reports on their effects on NP cells. We studied the toxicities of both ioxitalamate and indigocarmine to NP cells.

Time- and dose-dependent cytotoxicities of ioxitalamate and indigocarmine in human nucleus pulposus cells.

Iodinated contrast media (CM) is commonly used for various intradiscal injections such as in discography and endoscopic spinal surgery. However, CM has been shown to be toxic to renal tissue due to its ionic strength and osmolarity and as a result of iodine-induced cytotoxicity, which has raised concern over whether there are similar negative effects on disc cells.

Hyo-Suk Park

Department of Neurosurgery,
Gangnam Severance Hospital,
The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute,
Biomedical Center,
Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital,
The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Biomedical Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital

Yonsei University College of Medicine

Novel Passive Clearing Methods for the Rapid Production of Optical Transparency in Whole CNS Tissue