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Chapter 14
Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood during cardiac cell injury. They aid in the management of myocardial ...
Cardiac biomarkers are crucial for diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. The standard measured markers in clinical settings to ...
Serum lipids are crucial blood fats for energy storage, cellular structure, and hormone production, primarily consisting of cholesterol, triglycerides, ...
An electrocardiogram, or ECG, uses a standard 12-lead with four-limb electrodes placed on the inner wrists and ankles, creating six limb leads: I, II, ...
An electrocardiogram (ECG)graphically represents the heart's electrical activity on ECG paper or a monitor. Components of the Electrocardiogram The ...
Arrhythmia is any disturbance in the heart's rhythm that leads to abnormal heartbeats. These disruptions can compromise the heart's ability to ...
Exercise stress testing evaluates cardiovascular function and diagnoses heart conditions by measuring the heart's response to exertion using a ...
Echocardiography uses ultrasound waves to capture heart images called echocardiograms. It diagnoses heart failure and valve disorders and assesses cardiac ...
Echocardiography is a technique that helps detect cardiac issues. Here are some types of echocardiography. Transthoracic echocardiography involves ...
X-ray and fluoroscopy are essential cardiac imaging techniques that use ionizing radiation to capture images. Radiation safety precautions must be ...
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, or CMRI, is a non-invasive diagnostic test that employs a magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to create ...
Cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning is an advanced cardiac imaging technique that utilizes CT technology, with or without intravenous (IV) contrast, ...
Calcium-Scoring CT ScanA calcium-scoring CT scan, also known as coronary artery calcium (CAC) scan, detects calcium deposits in the coronary arteries. ...
Holter monitoring is a continuous electrocardiography (ECG) recording that tracks the heart's electrical activity over an extended period, generally 24 to ...
Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood ...
Right Heart Catheterization: An OverviewRight heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure that measures right-sided cardiac and pulmonary ...
Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally ...
Nursing responsibilities before cardiac catheterization include:Assess for allergies and establish baseline health status.Before cardiac catheterization, ...
Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of ...