Core - Organic Chemistry

Chapter 1

Covalent Bonding and Structure

1.1 : What is Organic Chemistry?

1.1 : What is Organic Chemistry?

Organic chemistry is the study of compounds of carbon called organic compounds. Organic compounds either originate from living organisms or are ...

1.2 : Electronic Structure of Atoms

1.2 : Electronic Structure of Atoms

An atom comprises protons and neutrons, which are contained inside the dense, central core called the nucleus, with electrons present around the ...

1.3 : Electron Configurations

1.3 : Electron Configurations

Electron configurations and orbital diagrams can be determined by applying the Aufbau principle (each added electron occupies the subshell of lowest ...

1.4 : Chemical Bonds

1.4 : Chemical Bonds

Atoms participate in a chemical bond formation to acquire a completed valence-shell electron configuration similar to that of the noble gas nearest ...

1.5 : Polar Covalent Bonds

1.5 : Polar Covalent Bonds

Covalent bonds are formed between two atoms when both have similar tendencies to attract electrons to themselves (i.e., when both atoms have identical or ...

1.6 : Lewis Structures and Formal Charges

1.6 : Lewis Structures and Formal Charges

Lewis symbols can be used to indicate the formation of covalent bonds, which are shown in Lewis structures—drawings that describe the bonding in ...

1.7 : VSEPR Theory

1.7 : VSEPR Theory

Valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory) enables us to predict the molecular structure around a central atom from an examination of the ...

1.8 : Molecular Geometry and Dipole Moments

1.8 : Molecular Geometry and Dipole Moments

The VSEPR theory can be used to determine the electron pair geometries and molecular structures as follows: Write the Lewis structure of the molecule or ...

1.9 : Resonance and Hybrid Structures

1.9 : Resonance and Hybrid Structures

According to the theory of resonance, if two or more Lewis structures with the same arrangement of atoms can be written for a molecule, ion, or radical, ...

1.10 : Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals

1.10 : Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Orbitals

According to valence bond theory, a covalent bond results when: (1) an orbital on one atom overlaps an orbital on a second atom, and (2) the single ...

1.11 : MO Theory and Covalent Bonding

1.11 : MO Theory and Covalent Bonding

The molecular orbital theory describes the distribution of electrons in molecules in a manner similar to the distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals. ...

1.12 : Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

1.12 : Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

Intermolecular forces are attractive forces that exist between molecules. They dictate several bulk properties, such as melting points, boiling points, ...

1.13 : Solubility

1.13 : Solubility

Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the ...

1.14 : Introduction to Functional Groups

1.14 : Introduction to Functional Groups

Functional groups are group of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and sometimes denoted as “R”. ...

1.15 : Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

1.15 : Overview of Advanced Functional Groups

Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. ...

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