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University of Tromsø

2 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

JoVE Journal

Quantitative Analysis of Autophagy using Advanced 3D Fluorescence Microscopy

Chun A. Changou^1,2, Deanna L. Wolfson², Balpreet Singh Ahluwalia^2,3, Richard J. Bold^4,5, Hsing-Jien Kung^5,6, Frank Y.S. Chuang^1,2,5

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis , ²NSF Center for Biophotonics Science & Technology, University of California, Davis , ³University of Tromsø, ⁴Department of Surgery (Division of Surgical Oncology), University of California, Davis , ⁵UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis , ⁶Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Davis

Autophagy is a ubiquitous process that enables cells to degrade and recycle proteins and organelles. We apply advanced fluorescence microscopy to visualize and quantify the small, but essential, physical changes associated with the induction of autophagy, including the formation and distribution of autophagosomes and lysosomes, and their fusion into autolysosomes.

JoVE Core

High-pressure, High-temperature Deformation Experiment Using the New Generation Griggs-type Apparatus

Jacques Précigout¹, Holger Stünitz^1,2, Yves Pinquier³, Rémi Champallier¹, Alexandre Schubnel³

¹Institut des Sciences de la Terre d’Orléans (ISTO), UMR 7327, CNRS-BRGM, Université d’Orléans, ²Department of Geology, University of Tromsø, ³Laboratoire de Géologie, UMR 8538, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS Paris)

Rock deformation needs to be quantified at high pressure. A description of the procedure to perform deformation experiments in a newly designed solid-medium Griggs-type apparatus is here given. This provides technological basis for future rheological studies at pressures up to 5 GPa.