第５章
ニュートンの運動法則
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力
Forces affect every moment of our life. Our bodies are held to the Earth by force, and they are held together by the forces of charged particles. When we ...
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力の種類
In most situations, forces can be grouped into two categories: contact forces and field forces. Contact forces occur as a result of direct physical ...
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ニュートンの第一法則:はじめに
Motion draws our attention. Motion itself can be beautiful, causing us to marvel at the forces needed to create spectacular sights, such as that of a ...
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ニュートンの第一法則:応用
Experience suggests that an object at rest remains at rest if left alone, and that an object in motion tends to slow down and stop unless some effort is ...
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内力と外力
Newton's first law states that a net external force causes a change in motion. External forces act on an object or system, originating outside of the ...
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ニュートンの第二法則
Newton's second law is closely related to his first law of motion. It mathematically gives the cause-and-effect relationship between force and changes ...
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質量と重量
Mass and weight are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. For example, medical records often show our weight in kilograms, but never ...
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無重力
When an object is dropped, it accelerates toward the center of the Earth. If the net external force on the object is its weight, it is said to be in free ...
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見かけの重量
True weight is the measure of the gravitational force acting on an object. However, if the object accelerates, its measured weight is different from its ...
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ニュートンの第三法則:はじめに
Whenever one body exerts a force on a second body, the first body experiences a force equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, to the force that it ...
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ニュートンの第三法則:例
Newton's third law states that every action has an equal and opposite reaction. Consider a swimmer pushing off the side of a pool. They push against ...
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フリーボディダイアグラムの描画:ルール
The first step in describing and analyzing most phenomena in physics involves the careful drawing of a free-body diagram. Free-body diagrams are useful in ...
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フリーボディ図:例
Solving problems that involve forces is easy using free-body diagrams. A free-body diagram is a sketch showing all the external forces that are acting on ...
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慣性座標系
Newton’s first law is usually considered to be a statement about reference frames. It provides a method for identifying a special type of reference ...
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非慣性座標系
A reference frame accelerating or decelerating relative to an inertial frame is a non-inertial frame. To help understand this, consider what taking off in ...
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遠心力
Pseudo forces, or fictitious forces, appear to act on an object in motion in a rotating frame of reference with respect to an inertial reference frame. ...
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