Within the human body, a complex and detailed system of trillions of cells works in unison to sustain life. Each cell houses a nucleus, which contains 46 chromosomes divided into 23 pairs. Chromosomes are highly coiled structures made of the genetic material DNA. These chromosomes are essential carriers of genetic information, with half inherited from the mother through her egg and the other half from the father's sperm, combining to create the unique genetic makeup of an individual.
Chromosomes consist primarily of deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, a complex and dynamic molecule that serves as the repository of essential genetic information. This information is crucial for various biological functions and processes, guiding everything from cell division to the synthesis of enzymes and hormones. Embedded within the spiraling structure of DNA are genes, the fundamental units of heredity. These genes contain the blueprints for synthesizing proteins, the building blocks of life that catalyze chemical reactions, provide structural components to cells and tissues, and regulate gene expression and cellular activity.
Proteins synthesized as per genetic instructions perform numerous functions, highlighting the importance of genes within the broader network of the human genome. The genome includes all the genetic material of an organism, functioning as an integrated system. This system not only dictates biological processes but also interacts with environmental factors, enabling the organism to adapt and evolve. The complex interplay of genes within the genome illustrates a finely tuned coordination of life processes, ensuring that each cellular function is carried out precisely in response to both internal and external stimuli. This genetic coordination is fundamental to the survival, growth, and reproduction of an organism.
章から 2:
Now Playing
Biopsychology
1.5K 閲覧数
Biopsychology
2.8K 閲覧数
Biopsychology
749 閲覧数
Biopsychology
740 閲覧数
Biopsychology
485 閲覧数
Biopsychology
577 閲覧数
Biopsychology
537 閲覧数
Biopsychology
189 閲覧数
Biopsychology
364 閲覧数
Biopsychology
211 閲覧数
Biopsychology
323 閲覧数
Biopsychology
207 閲覧数
Biopsychology
410 閲覧数
Biopsychology
217 閲覧数
Biopsychology
255 閲覧数
See More
Copyright © 2023 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved