16.1 : 流線に沿った流れに関するベルヌーイの方程式

Bernoulli's equation describes the behavior of fluids in motion by relating pressure, velocity, and elevation along a streamline.

It relies on the principle of energy conservation, assuming steady flow, incompressible fluids, and no viscosity, meaning no friction forces are present.

The pressure term represents the force, that the fluid exerts at a specific point.

The velocity term represents the fluid's kinetic energy, indicating that pressure decreases as fluid velocity increases.

The elevation term reflects the fluid's potential energy based on its vertical position relative to a reference point.

This principle applies to real-world situations like water distribution systems, dam spillways, and Venturi meters.

In water distribution systems, Bernoulli's equation predicts how pressure drops as water flows through pipes of varying diameters, ensuring efficient supply across urban networks.

Bernoulli's equation explains how water velocity increases and pressure decreases as it flows downward in dam spillways, helping engineers design structures that can safely manage varying flow rates.

Venturi meters, commonly used in sewage systems, measure flow rates by detecting pressure differences between pipe sections, ensuring effective wastewater management.