isolation of granulosa cell-free stage i oocytes from zebrafish ovaries

Improved Procedure to Obtain Granulosa Cell-Free Stage I Zebrafish Oocytes

The zebrafish is among the most important model systems in developmental biology. In recent years, numerous studies have utilized the zebrafish as a model to study important biological events and regulatory processes from oocyte to embryo. These encompass the intricate processes of oocyte development and maturation1, the functionality of maternal genes2, the regulation of maternal-zygotic transitions3, and extensive omics analyses4.
Granulosa cells, the somatic cells enveloping and nurturing the developing oocyte within the ovarian follicle5,6, play a pivotal role in this developmental process. As primordial germ cells (PGCs) evolve into oogonia, they become surrounded by a monolayer of granulosa cells7. Together with the external thecal cells, the oocyte and its surrounding granulosa cells constitute a mature follicle8. Given the fundamental distinction between germ cells and somatic cells, obtaining a pure oocyte sample is imperative, especially for genome-related analyses.
Within the follicular structure of zebrafish, granulosa cells typically exhibit a diameter of only a few microns8, emphasizing the intimate interconnection between granulosa cells and oocytes9. This close association presents a challenge in achieving complete separation due to the considerable difference in both the number and volume of granulosa cells versus oocytes (hundreds of granulosa cells compared to a single oocyte)10,11. Even minimal contamination with a single granulosa cell can impede downstream analyses specifically targeting oocytes. Therefore, for studies focusing on genomic and epigenetic characteristics, the elimination of granulosa cells is essential.
Benefiting from well-characterized morphological criteria, oocytes at each stage can be distinguished based on diameter11. The oogenesis process in zebrafish is categorized into five stages according to morphology and karyotype11. Stage I oocytes (7-140 &#181;m diameter) encompass oocytes from the onset of meiosis to the early stage of meiosis I. Crucially, these oocytes are transparent, allowing for the observation of the central nucleus through transmitted light (Figure 1Ai). Stage II oocytes (140-340 &#181;m diameter) gradually become foamy and translucent. With the enlargement of follicles and the proliferation of cortical alveoli, the germinal vesicles in the center become difficult to distinguish12 (Figure 1Aii). Stage III oocytes (340-690 &#181;m diameter) progressively accumulate vitellogenin, and fresh follicles become increasingly opaque (Figure 1Aiii). Meiosis continues in stage IV oocytes (690-730 &#181;m diameter) as chromosomes enter the middle of meiosis II, where they stagnate (Figure 1Aiv). Stage V oocytes (730-750 &#181;m diameter) have matured and are ready for ovulation7,11(Figure 1Av).
Based on the unique characteristics of each of the aforementioned stages, a method has been proposed to isolate oocytes from stages I to III by digesting zebrafish ovaries using a digestive solution containing collagenase I, collagenase II, and hyaluronidase, followed by filtration through a specific-sized cell strainer13. However, while this method allows for obtaining oocytes at different developmental stages, it fails to completely separate oocytes and granulosa cells. Other researchers have also suggested methods to separate granulosa cells from oocytes. However, these methods primarily rely on mechanical approaches, which can cause oocyte damage, are time-consuming, and are inadequate for obtaining a substantial number of oocytes for analysis14,15.
Given the limitations of existing methods and specific research requirements, this study aims to establish a procedure to thoroughly separate oocytes and granulosa cells and obtain a sufficient number of clean stage I oocytes for analysis. Expanding upon the referenced method13, we employ an improved digestion buffer (see Table of Materials) that is gentler and facilitates the dispersion of oocytes and dissociation of granulosa cells. Subsequently, the oocytes are passed through a cell strainer, followed by washing and further microscopic selection, enabling the acquisition of a large number of clean stage I oocytes.

Author Spotlight: Enhanced Method for Isolating Pure Zebrafish Stage I Oocytes

Rapid Isolation of Stage I Oocytes in Zebrafish Devoid of Granulosa Cells

This research is focused on establishing process for rapidly and efficiently isolating pure stage one ooyctes in zebrafish while eliminating granulosa cell contamination. The primary aim is to develop a method that facilities more precise analysis in oocyte specific research areas, particularly in genome and epigenetic research. The oocytes of zebrafish are enveloped by a mono-layer of granule cells.It's difficult to swiftly separate granule cells from oocytes due to the significant disparity in both number and volume, making it challenging to obtain pure oocyte samples for specific analysis, especially in genome related studies. This method has survival advantage over mechanical methods and the previous detection approaches. First, the improved detection buffer is gentler, helping to isolate the granulosa cells while minimizing damage to the oocytes.Plus, it allows us to get plenty of clean stage one oocytes. We hope as research helps scientists get a better look at the detail and growth of the phage oocytes, including cell stack, epigenetics and genome structure. This method work just as well for pompanos, and we think it could be applied to study a lot of different kind of fish.

Isolation of Granulosa Cell-Free Stage I Oocytes from Zebrafish Ovaries

To begin, transfer the excised ovaries of a zebrafish to a six-well plate containing two milliliters of cell dissociation solution. Incubate the ovaries at 28.5 degrees Celsius for two to three hours. Add two to three milliliters of pre-warmed L15 medium to the buffer to stop digestion.Next, place a 70 micrometer cell strainer into another well of the six-well plate. Add L15 medium to the well, ensuring the medium level is higher than the strainer. Now, use a pipette to draw the digestive medium through the cell strainer.Remove the excess medium with a pipette. Add four milliliters of fresh L15 medium into the well, and gently resuspend the oocytes. After a couple of minutes, pipette out the supernatant.To select the oocytes for quality control, transfer them into a 35 millimeter wide dish containing fresh L15 medium. Observe the oocytes under a light microscope using a magnification of 10X or more. Use a blunt injection tool to remove any cell fragments, stage one oocytes, or any other stage oocytes.For confirmation of the stage of growth, add Hoechst 33342 to the L15 medium containing the oocytes and incubate. Observe the oocytes with a fluorescence microscope under UV laser excitation. Carefully pick out the oocytes that do not meet the desired criteria with a needle.The juvenile ovary showed an abundance of transparent stage one oocytes accompanied by a smaller population of stage two oocytes. Adult fish ovaries showed a predominance of opaque late stage two to three oocytes. The reference method resulted in numerous stained granulosa cell nuclei on the surface of the oocytes densely enveloping the oocytes.In contrast, the modified method allowed for the separation of stage one oocytes devoid of granulosa cell nuclei staining.

isolation-granulosa-cell-free-stage-i-oocytes-from-zebrafish

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

The study of oocyte development holds significant implications in developmental biology. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been extensively used as a model organism to investigate early developmental processes from oocyte to embryo. In zebrafish, oocytes are surrounded by a single layer of somatic granulosa cells. However, separating granulosa cells from oocytes poses a challenge, as achieving pure oocytes is crucial for precise analysis. Although various methods have been proposed to isolate zebrafish oocytes at different developmental stages, current techniques fall short in removing granulosa cells completely, limiting the accuracy of genome analysis focused solely on oocytes. In this study, we successfully developed a rapid and efficient process for isolating pure stage I oocytes in zebrafish while eliminating granulosa cell contamination. This technique facilitates biochemical and molecular analysis, particularly in exploring epigenetic and genome structure aspects specific to oocytes. Notably, the method is user-friendly, minimizes oocyte damage, and provides a practical solution for subsequent research and analysis.

This protocol describes a modified procedure for rapidly isolating clean stage I oocytes in zebrafish devoid of granulosa cells, thereby providing a convenient method for oocyte-specific research.

The study of oocyte development holds significant implications in developmental biology. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been extensively used as a model ...

Zebrafish Ovary Excision for Obtaining Granulosa Cell-Free Stage I Oocytes

To begin, place a euthanized female zebrafish on a table. Dab the excess water on the fish's surface with absorbent paper. With a pair of micro-scissors, cut off the head of the fish along the posterior margin of the gill cover.Then cut off the tail with the cloaca. Transfer the middle trunk to a 35-millimeter wide dish with 2 milliliters of L-15 medium. Now, cut the central axis of the abdomen and remove the viscera and swim bladder.Use a pair of tweezers to detach the bilateral ovaries from the abdomen. Remove the adipose tissue, scales, and other body tissues attached to the ovary.