This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32170813 and 31871449) and Science and Technology Department of Sichuan (2024NSFSC0651), and 1&#183;3&#183;5 project for disciplines of excellence&#8211;Clinical Research Fund, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (2024HXFH035). The authors would like to thank Zhao Wang and Yanqiu Gao of the Laboratory of Pediatric Surgery for breeding of zebrafish related to this work. The authors would also like to thank all the reviewers who participated in the review, as well as MJEditor (www.mjeditor.com) for providing English editing services during the preparation of this manuscript.

All zebrafish were handled following stringent animal care guidelines outlined by the relevant national and/or local animal welfare bodies. The maintenance and handling of fish received approval from both local authorities and the animal ethics committee of the West China Hospital of Sichuan University (approval No. 20220422003). Zebrafish ovaries contain a mixture of multi-stage oocytes, with each developmental stage being present in adult zebrafish ovaries. However, juvenile zebrafish were selected for this study due to the dominance of late-stage oocytes (stage II-III) in the ovaries of adult fish, which are large and opaque. In contrast, juveniles have flat and elongated ovaries primarily consisting of stage I oocytes (Figure 1B) (Figure 1B). Previous research has demonstrated that the morphological features of early oogenesis in adult and juvenile zebrafish are highly consistent, supporting the feasibility of utilizing juvenile zebrafish13. The procedures described below, outlined in Figure 2, provide a detailed description of the isolation process, from dissection to obtaining clean stage I oocytes. For further reference, the reagents, buffers, and equipment utilized in the study are listed in the Table of Materials.
1. Ovary dissection
<ol>
	<li>Select several female zebrafish with a standard length (SL) ranging from 10 mm to 15 mm. 
	NOTE: The SL, measured from the snout to the tail base in millimeters, serves as a reliable criterion for selecting appropriate fish. It is recommended to use juvenile fish between 5 and 7 weeks post-fertilization (wpf) with an SL ranging from 10 mm to 15 mm for this procedure. The ovaries of juvenile zebrafish are predominantly occupied by early oocytes, providing optimal conditions for easily obtaining stage I oocytes (Figure 1B).</li>
	<li>Euthanize the juvenile female fish by placing them in ice-cold water (0-4 &#176;C). 
	NOTE: The following procedures must be carried out to ensure euthanasia and minimize the pain experienced by zebrafish during euthanasia: confirm that the temperature of the ice-cold water is within the 0-4 &#176;C range using a thermometer, swiftly transfer the zebrafish to the ice-cold water, and maintain them in the ice-cold water for at least 10 min after cessation of opercular movement16,17,18.</li>
	<li>Dry excess water on the fish&#39;s surface using absorbent paper.</li>
	<li>Dissect the zebrafish under a stereomicroscope by following these steps:
	<ol>
		<li>Cut off the head using micro-scissors along the posterior margin of the gill cover; cut off the tail along the cloaca. Transfer the middle trunk to a 35 mm dish containing 2 mL of L-15 medium (with L-glutamine).</li>
		<li>Dissect the middle trunk in the L-15 medium. Cut along the central axis of the abdomen and remove the viscera and swim bladder. 
		NOTE: The viscera of zebrafish are connected. Therefore, pinch the hindgut near the anal region and lift it to easily remove the entire visceral mass.</li>
		<li>Detach the bilateral ovaries from the abdomen using tweezers. Remove the adipose tissue, scales, and other body tissues attached to the ovary. 
		NOTE: The ovaries are covered with adipose tissue. Therefore, it is best to remove them together to avoid mechanical damage to the oocytes. 
		CAUTION: Handle tweezers with care to avoid injury.</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
</ol>
2. Digestion
<ol>
	<li>Transfer the ovaries to a 6-well plate containing 2 mL of Kinger&#39;s cell dissociation solution and incubate for 2-3 h&#160;at 28.5 &#176;C. Shake the 6-well plate every 30 min to promote dispersion. 
	NOTE: Use tweezers to separate the ovaries into small tissue blocks to enhance digestion efficacy. The digestion time is variable; regularly monitor and terminate the process when a significant number of stage I oocytes are scattered under the stereomicroscope. The Kinger&#39;s cell dissociation solution is the working solution and can be used directly. It can be stored stably at &#8722;20 &#176;C after packaging and thawed at a low temperature (4 &#176;C) before use.</li>
	<li>Add L-15 medium preheated at 28.5 &#176;C to the digestion buffer to stop digestion.</li>
</ol>
3. Filtration
<ol>
	<li>Place a 100 &#181;m cell strainer into another well of the 6-well plate, add L-15 medium, and ensure that the medium level is higher than the filter. 
	NOTE: The theoretical diameter of stage I oocytes is less than 140 &#181;m. However, oocytes with larger diameters may still pass through the cell strainer. Therefore, a cell strainer with a smaller diameter than the target was selected at this step. Mesh sizes can be adjusted depending on the specific experimental needs.</li>
	<li>Draw the digestive medium through the cell strainer using a pipette. Wait 1-2 min until all the stage I oocytes have passed through the strainer, then remove it. Ensure that the oocytes remain in the liquid throughout the transfer process. 
	NOTE: Keeping the oocytes in the medium helps maintain their integrity and optimal condition. If the oocytes are exposed to air for an extended period, they could dry out and become damaged, affecting the final separation efficiency. Keep the pipette below the liquid surface when transferring the oocytes through the cell strainer rather than adding them in a suspended manner.</li>
</ol>
4. Washing
<ol>
	<li>Remove excess medium using a pipette. Add 4 mL of fresh L-15 medium and gently resuspend the oocytes. Wait 1-2 min, then remove the supernatant. 
	NOTE: Use instruments with low adhesion properties to prevent damage to the oocytes.</li>
	<li>Repeat step 4.1 5-6 times until no other impurities are present. 
	NOTE: Gentle handling during the washing process is crucial to avoid oocyte damage. Despite obtaining an abundance of stage I oocytes (approximately 200-400 stage I oocytes from one zebrafish) following the previous washing steps, the oocytes may still be mixed with cell fragments, oocytes from other stages, or small granules formed by broken late-stage oocytes. Additionally, some granulosa cells may still adhere to the surface of several oocytes due to incomplete enzyme digestion. Therefore, for applications demanding a higher level of purity, such as genome sequencing, additional steps are necessary to select completely clean oocytes. To address this, proceed to steps 5 and 6.</li>
</ol>
5. Selection for quality control
<ol>
	<li>Transfer the washed stage I oocytes to a 35 mm dish containing fresh L-15 medium.</li>
	<li>Under a microscope with a magnification equal to or exceeding 10x, remove cell fragments, other-stage oocytes, and stage I oocytes adhered by granulosa cells using a tool that can be manipulated with precision, such as a blunt injection needle. 
	NOTE: This step requires patience from the experimenter, but it ensures the isolation of clean and intact oocytes. 
	CAUTION: Handle injection needles with care to avoid injury.</li>
</ol>
6. Confirmation by nuclear staining
NOTE: For further refinement of the isolated oocytes, staining with Hoechst 33342 was employed to identify and remove individual oocytes adhered with granulosa cells that may have been missed in the previous step.
<ol>
	<li>Add a final concentration of 5 &#181;g/mL Hoechst 33342 to the L-15 medium and incubate at room temperature for 10 min.</li>
	<li>Observe the Hoechst fluorescence through a fluorescence microscope under UV laser excitation. 
	NOTE: Hoechst is typically excited in the ultraviolet region, usually at wavelengths between 310 and 360 nm. It is recommended to use a magnification between 80x and 100x during this process. Employ the automatic exposure mode. The excitation wavelength and exposure time can be adjusted based on the specific microscope model and individual requirements.</li>
	<li>Using a needle, carefully pick out the oocytes that do not meet the desired criteria. 
	NOTE: When visualizing the cells, a large nuclear chromatin is present in the center of the oocyte. If granulosa cells were adhered to the oocyte, small and bright nuclei would be visible, clinging to the oocyte&#39;s edge (Figure 3). Pick them out under the microscope.</li>
	<li>Thoroughly and repeatedly wash the oocytes with L-15 to remove excess Hoechst.</li>
	<li>Use the identified stage I oocytes directly for subsequent extraction or store them at &#8722;80 &#176;C after flash-freezing in liquid nitrogen. 
	CAUTION: Wear a protective face mask and cryogenic gloves when handling liquid nitrogen and ultra-low temperature freezers.</li>
</ol>

Improved Procedure to Obtain Granulosa Cell-Free Stage I Zebrafish Oocytes

<ol>
	<li>Qin, J. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unraveling+the+mechanism+of+long-term+bisphenol+S+exposure+disrupted+ovarian+lipids+metabolism,+oocytes+maturation,+and+offspring+development+of+zebrafish.">Unraveling the mechanism of long-term bisphenol S exposure disrupted ovarian lipids metabolism, oocytes maturation, and offspring development of zebrafish.</a> Chemosphere. 277, 130304 (2021).</li><li>Hau, H. T. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maternal+Larp6+controls+oocyte+development,+chorion+formation+and+elevation.">Maternal Larp6 controls oocyte development, chorion formation and elevation.</a> Development. 147 (4), 187385 (2020).</li><li>Cabrera-Quio, L. E., Schleiffer, A., Mechtler, K., Pauli, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zebrafish+ski7+tunes+RNA+levels+during+the+oocyte-to-embryo+transition.">Zebrafish ski7 tunes RNA levels during the oocyte-to-embryo transition.</a> PLoS Genet. 17 (2), e1009390 (2021).</li><li>Liu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+transcriptome+reveals+insights+into+the+development+and+function+of+the+zebrafish+ovary.">Single-cell transcriptome reveals insights into the development and function of the zebrafish ovary.</a> Elife. 11, 76014 (2022).</li><li>Li, C. W., Ge, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatiotemporal+expression+of+bone+morphogenetic+protein+family+ligands+and+receptors+in+the+zebrafish+ovary:+A+potential+paracrine-signaling+mechanism+for+oocyte-follicle+cell+communication.">Spatiotemporal expression of bone morphogenetic protein family ligands and receptors in the zebrafish ovary: A potential paracrine-signaling mechanism for oocyte-follicle cell communication.</a> Biol Reprod. 85 (5), 977-986 (2011).</li><li>Zampolla, T., Spikings, E., Rawson, D., Zhang, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cytoskeleton+proteins+F-actin+and+tubulin+distribution+and+interaction+with+mitochondria+in+the+granulosa+cells+surrounding+stage+III+zebrafish+(Danio+rerio)+oocytes.">Cytoskeleton proteins F-actin and tubulin distribution and interaction with mitochondria in the granulosa cells surrounding stage III zebrafish (Danio rerio) oocytes.</a> Theriogenology. 76 (6), 1110-1119 (2011).</li><li>Lubzens, E., Young, G., Bobe, J., Cerda, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oogenesis+in+teleosts:+How+eggs+are+formed.">Oogenesis in teleosts: How eggs are formed.</a> Gen Comp Endocrinol. 165 (3), 367-389 (2010).</li><li>Song, Y., Hu, W., Ge, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+of+transgenic+zebrafish+(Danio+rerio)+models+expressing+fluorescence+proteins+in+the+oocytes+and+somatic+supporting+cells.">Establishment of transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) models expressing fluorescence proteins in the oocytes and somatic supporting cells.</a> Gen Comp Endocrinol. 314, 113907 (2021).</li><li>Sousa, M. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reproductive+hormones+affect+follicular+cells+and+ooplasm+of+stage+I+and+II+oocytes+in+zebrafish.">Reproductive hormones affect follicular cells and ooplasm of stage I and II oocytes in zebrafish.</a> Reprod Fertil Dev. 28 (12), 1945-1952 (2016).</li><li>Yan, Y. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gonadal+soma+controls+ovarian+follicle+proliferation+through+Gsdf+in+zebrafish.">Gonadal soma controls ovarian follicle proliferation through Gsdf in zebrafish.</a> Dev Dyn. 246 (11), 925-945 (2017).</li><li>Selman, K., Wallace, R. A., Sarka, A., Qi, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stages+of+oocyte+development+in+the+zebrafish,+Brachydanio+rerio.">Stages of oocyte development in the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio.</a> J Morphol. 218 (2), 203-224 (1993).</li><li>Wallace, R. A., Selman, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrastructural+aspects+of+oogenesis+and+oocyte+growth+in+fish+and+amphibians.">Ultrastructural aspects of oogenesis and oocyte growth in fish and amphibians.</a> J Electron Microsc Tech. 16 (3), 175-201 (1990).</li><li>Elkouby, Y. M., Mullins, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+for+the+analysis+of+early+oogenesis+in+zebrafish.">Methods for the analysis of early oogenesis in zebrafish.</a> Dev Biol. 430 (2), 310-324 (2017).</li><li>Ai, N., Liu, L., Lau, E. S., Tse, A. C., Ge, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Separation+of+oocyte+and+follicle+layer+for+gene+expression+analysis+in+zebrafish.">Separation of oocyte and follicle layer for gene expression analysis in zebrafish.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 2218, 1-9 (2021).</li><li>Zhan, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Explorations+of+the+optimal+method+for+isolating+oocytes+from+zebrafish+(Danio+rerio)+ovary.">Explorations of the optimal method for isolating oocytes from zebrafish (Danio rerio) ovary.</a> J Exp Zool B Mol Dev Evol. 330 (8), 417-426 (2018).</li><li>Avma guidelines for the euthanasia of animals: 2020 edition. Avma Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/avma-policies/avma-guidelines-euthanasia-animals">https://www.avma.org/resources-tools/avma-policies/avma-guidelines-euthanasia-animals</a> (2020)</li><li>Phs policy on humane care and use of laboratory animals. Olaw Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://olaw.nih.gov/policies-laws/phs-policy.htm#Introduction">https://olaw.nih.gov/policies-laws/phs-policy.htm#Introduction</a> (2015)</li><li>Matthews, M., Varga, Z. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anesthesia+and+euthanasia+in+zebrafish.">Anesthesia and euthanasia in zebrafish.</a> ILAR J. 53 (2), 192-204 (2012).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

In this study, we developed a method for isolating pure and clean stage I oocytes, excluding granulosa cells, for downstream analysis (particularly genomic analyses). Comparing this modified method with the referenced method13, the stage I oocytes obtained using this method are morphologically intact, sufficient in number, and free from contamination with other somatic cells, making them suitable for various subsequent studies and analyses. Furthermore, compared with other mechanical separation me...

The zebrafish is among the most important model systems in developmental biology. In recent years, numerous studies have utilized the zebrafish as a model to study important biological events and regulatory processes from oocyte to embryo. These encompass the intricate processes of oocyte development and maturation1, the functionality of maternal genes2, the regulation of maternal-zygotic transitions3, and extensive omics analyses4.
Granulosa cells, the somatic cells enveloping and nurturing the developing oocyte within the ovarian follicle5,6, play a pivotal role in this developmental process. As primordial germ cells (PGCs) evolve into oogonia, they become surrounded by a monolayer of granulosa cells7. Together with the external thecal cells, the oocyte and its surrounding granulosa cells constitute a mature follicle8. Given the fundamental distinction between germ cells and somatic cells, obtaining a pure oocyte sample is imperative, especially for genome-related analyses.
Within the follicular structure of zebrafish, granulosa cells typically exhibit a diameter of only a few microns8, emphasizing the intimate interconnection between granulosa cells and oocytes9. This close association presents a challenge in achieving complete separation due to the considerable difference in both the number and volume of granulosa cells versus oocytes (hundreds of granulosa cells compared to a single oocyte)10,11. Even minimal contamination with a single granulosa cell can impede downstream analyses specifically targeting oocytes. Therefore, for studies focusing on genomic and epigenetic characteristics, the elimination of granulosa cells is essential.
Benefiting from well-characterized morphological criteria, oocytes at each stage can be distinguished based on diameter11. The oogenesis process in zebrafish is categorized into five stages according to morphology and karyotype11. Stage I oocytes (7-140 &#181;m diameter) encompass oocytes from the onset of meiosis to the early stage of meiosis I. Crucially, these oocytes are transparent, allowing for the observation of the central nucleus through transmitted light (Figure 1Ai). Stage II oocytes (140-340 &#181;m diameter) gradually become foamy and translucent. With the enlargement of follicles and the proliferation of cortical alveoli, the germinal vesicles in the center become difficult to distinguish12 (Figure 1Aii). Stage III oocytes (340-690 &#181;m diameter) progressively accumulate vitellogenin, and fresh follicles become increasingly opaque (Figure 1Aiii). Meiosis continues in stage IV oocytes (690-730 &#181;m diameter) as chromosomes enter the middle of meiosis II, where they stagnate (Figure 1Aiv). Stage V oocytes (730-750 &#181;m diameter) have matured and are ready for ovulation7,11(Figure 1Av).
Based on the unique characteristics of each of the aforementioned stages, a method has been proposed to isolate oocytes from stages I to III by digesting zebrafish ovaries using a digestive solution containing collagenase I, collagenase II, and hyaluronidase, followed by filtration through a specific-sized cell strainer13. However, while this method allows for obtaining oocytes at different developmental stages, it fails to completely separate oocytes and granulosa cells. Other researchers have also suggested methods to separate granulosa cells from oocytes. However, these methods primarily rely on mechanical approaches, which can cause oocyte damage, are time-consuming, and are inadequate for obtaining a substantial number of oocytes for analysis14,15.
Given the limitations of existing methods and specific research requirements, this study aims to establish a procedure to thoroughly separate oocytes and granulosa cells and obtain a sufficient number of clean stage I oocytes for analysis. Expanding upon the referenced method13, we employ an improved digestion buffer (see Table of Materials) that is gentler and facilitates the dispersion of oocytes and dissociation of granulosa cells. Subsequently, the oocytes are passed through a cell strainer, followed by washing and further microscopic selection, enabling the acquisition of a large number of clean stage I oocytes.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Kinger&#39;s cell dissociation solution</td>
			<td>PlantChemMed</td>
			<td>PC-33689</td>
			<td>Kinger&#39;s cell dissociation solution can be stored stably at -20 &#176;C after packaging and can be used after thawing at low temperature (4 &#176;C). It can be used directly for dissociating zebrafish ovaries. The optimal temperature is 28.5 &#176;C, for approximately 2-3 hours. The duration can be adjusted according to the specific dissociation conditions, either shortened or extended (https://www.plantchemmed.com/chanpin?productNo=PC-33689).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell strainers (100 &#956;m )</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>352360</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluorescence microscope</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>Axio Zoom.V16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>Dumont</td>
			<td>#5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass capillary needle</td>
			<td>/</td>
			<td>/</td>
			<td>Blunted by burning with lighter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst</td>
			<td>Yesen</td>
			<td>40732ES03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Low adsorption pipette tips (10 &#956;l )</td>
			<td>Labsellect</td>
			<td>T-0010-LR-R-S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leibovitz&#8217;s L-15 medium medium (with L-glutamine)</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30525.01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ice bucket</td>
			<td>/</td>
			<td>/</td>
			<td>Ice-cold water is used to euthanize zebrafish</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>WIGGENS</td>
			<td>WH-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Juvenile fish</td>
			<td>/</td>
			<td>/</td>
			<td>5&#8211;6 weeks post-fertilization, standard length [SL] of 10&#8211;15 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plastic dish (35 mm )</td>
			<td>SORFA</td>
			<td>230101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereomicroscope</td>
			<td>Motic</td>
			<td>SMZ-161</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue Culture Plate (6-wells)</td>
			<td>SORFA</td>
			<td>0110006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vannas spring scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Toosl</td>
			<td>#15000-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

rapid isolation of stage i oocytes in zebrafish devoid of granulosa cells

The study of oocyte development holds significant implications in developmental biology. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been extensively used as a model organism to investigate early developmental processes from oocyte to embryo. In zebrafish, oocytes are surrounded by a single layer of somatic granulosa cells. However, separating granulosa cells from oocytes poses a challenge, as achieving pure oocytes is crucial for precise analysis. Although various methods have been proposed to isolate zebrafish oocytes at different developmental stages, current techniques fall short in removing granulosa cells completely, limiting the accuracy of genome analysis focused solely on oocytes. In this study, we successfully developed a rapid and efficient process for isolating pure stage I oocytes in zebrafish while eliminating granulosa cell contamination. This technique facilitates biochemical and molecular analysis, particularly in exploring epigenetic and genome structure aspects specific to oocytes. Notably, the method is user-friendly, minimizes oocyte damage, and provides a practical solution for subsequent research and analysis.

Author Spotlight: Enhanced Method for Isolating Pure Zebrafish Stage I Oocytes

Rapid Isolation of Stage I Oocytes in Zebrafish Devoid of Granulosa Cells

This research is focused on establishing process for rapidly and efficiently isolating pure stage one ooyctes in zebrafish while eliminating granulosa cell contamination. The primary aim is to develop a method that facilities more precise analysis in oocyte specific research areas, particularly in genome and epigenetic research. The oocytes of zebrafish are enveloped by a mono-layer of granule cells.It's difficult to swiftly separate granule cells from oocytes due to the significant disparity in both number and volume, making it challenging to obtain pure oocyte samples for specific analysis, especially in genome related studies. This method has survival advantage over mechanical methods and the previous detection approaches. First, the improved detection buffer is gentler, helping to isolate the granulosa cells while minimizing damage to the oocytes.Plus, it allows us to get plenty of clean stage one oocytes. We hope as research helps scientists get a better look at the detail and growth of the phage oocytes, including cell stack, epigenetics and genome structure. This method work just as well for pompanos, and we think it could be applied to study a lot of different kind of fish.

Figure 1 illustrates the ovarian morphology observed in both adult and juvenile zebrafish, showcasing oocytes at different developmental stages to serve as a reference. Figure 1A provides a graphical representation of oocyte morphology and size at each developmental stage, beginning with the primary growth stage (stage I) and ending with the ovulated egg (stage V). Figures 1Ai-v illustrate the diameters corresponding to stages I to V of the oocy...

This protocol describes a modified procedure for rapidly isolating clean stage I oocytes in zebrafish devoid of granulosa cells, thereby providing a convenient method for oocyte-specific research.

The study of oocyte development holds significant implications in developmental biology. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has been extensively used as a model ...

rapid-isolation-stage-i-oocytes-zebrafish-devoid-granulosa

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Zebrafish Ovary Excision for Obtaining Granulosa Cell-Free Stage I Oocytes

To begin, place a euthanized female zebrafish on a table. Dab the excess water on the fish's surface with absorbent paper. With a pair of micro-scissors, cut off the head of the fish along the posterior margin of the gill cover.Then cut off the tail with the cloaca. Transfer the middle trunk to a 35-millimeter wide dish with 2 milliliters of L-15 medium. Now, cut the central axis of the abdomen and remove the viscera and swim bladder.Use a pair of tweezers to detach the bilateral ovaries from the abdomen. Remove the adipose tissue, scales, and other body tissues attached to the ovary.

Isolation of Granulosa Cell-Free Stage I Oocytes from Zebrafish Ovaries

To begin, transfer the excised ovaries of a zebrafish to a six-well plate containing two milliliters of cell dissociation solution. Incubate the ovaries at 28.5 degrees Celsius for two to three hours. Add two to three milliliters of pre-warmed L15 medium to the buffer to stop digestion.Next, place a 70 micrometer cell strainer into another well of the six-well plate. Add L15 medium to the well, ensuring the medium level is higher than the strainer. Now, use a pipette to draw the digestive medium through the cell strainer.Remove the excess medium with a pipette. Add four milliliters of fresh L15 medium into the well, and gently resuspend the oocytes. After a couple of minutes, pipette out the supernatant.To select the oocytes for quality control, transfer them into a 35 millimeter wide dish containing fresh L15 medium. Observe the oocytes under a light microscope using a magnification of 10X or more. Use a blunt injection tool to remove any cell fragments, stage one oocytes, or any other stage oocytes.For confirmation of the stage of growth, add Hoechst 33342 to the L15 medium containing the oocytes and incubate. Observe the oocytes with a fluorescence microscope under UV laser excitation. Carefully pick out the oocytes that do not meet the desired criteria with a needle.The juvenile ovary showed an abundance of transparent stage one oocytes accompanied by a smaller population of stage two oocytes. Adult fish ovaries showed a predominance of opaque late stage two to three oocytes. The reference method resulted in numerous stained granulosa cell nuclei on the surface of the oocytes densely enveloping the oocytes.In contrast, the modified method allowed for the separation of stage one oocytes devoid of granulosa cell nuclei staining.

374 Views.  Sichuan University.  This protocol describes a modified procedure for rapidly isolating clean stage I oocytes in zebrafish devoid of granulosa cells, thereby providing a convenient method for oocyte-specific research.

Improved Procedure to Obtain Granulosa Cell-Free Stage I Zebrafish Oocytes

概要