データの収集と助けのための博士蘭秦とシェーンStanekへの著者のおかげ。

<ol>
	<li>Low, P. A., Denq, J. C., Opfer-Gehrking, T. L., Dyck, P. J., O'Brien, P. C., Slezak, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+age+and+gender+on+sudomotor+and+cardiovagal+function+and+blood+pressure+response+to+tilt+in+normal+subjects.">Effect of age and gender on sudomotor and cardiovagal function and blood pressure response to tilt in normal subjects.</a> Muscle Nerve. 20, 1561-1568 (1997).</li><li>Low, P. A., Denq, J. C., Opfer-Gehrking, T. L., Dyck, P. J., O'Brien, P. C., Slezak, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+age+and+gender+on+sudomotor+and+cardiovagal+function+and+blood+pressure+response+to+tilt+in+normal+subjects.">Effect of age and gender on sudomotor and cardiovagal function and blood pressure response to tilt in normal subjects.</a> Muscle Nerve. 20, 1561-1568 (1997).</li><li>Low, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Composite+autonomic+scoring+scale+for+laboratory+quantification+of+generalized+autonomic+failure.">Composite autonomic scoring scale for laboratory quantification of generalized autonomic failure.</a> Mayo Clin Proc. 68, 748-752 (1993).</li><li>Low, P. A., Low, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laboratory+evaluation+of+autonomic+function.">Laboratory evaluation of autonomic function.</a> Clinical Autonomic disorders. , 179-209 (1997).</li><li>Low, P. A., Low, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laboratory+evaluation+of+autonomic+failure.">Laboratory evaluation of autonomic failure.</a> Clinical Autonomic disorders. , 179-209 (2008).</li><li>Novak, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+sympathetic+index+from+Valsalva+maneuver.">Assessment of sympathetic index from Valsalva maneuver.</a> Neurology. , (2011).</li></ol>

利害の衝突は宣言されません。

落とし穴自律神経系検査を完了すると、簡単な患者のほとんどにあり、1時間以内で行うことができます。テストの各ステップの特定の落とし穴については後述する。 機器、自律神経信号のデータ収集と処理。 主にデータの品質に関連する落とし穴がいくつかあります。皮膚の不十分な洗浄は、R波の検出が困難にレンダリングできるECG信号の過度のノイズが発生する可能性があります。血圧センサー私の不適切な配置は、偽の高いまたは低い値を与える。高品質の経頭蓋ドップラー信号は、小さな骨のウィンドウにより、高齢患者で取得することが困難な場合があります。データ処理のためのソフトウェアは、振戦とパーキンソン病患者において、例えば、血圧での成果物を区別するために十分に堅牢ではありません。 深呼吸<ol><li>不安と異常な呼吸パターンは、深い呼吸の結果に影響を与える可能性があります。被験者は、テスト中にも緩和すべきである。不安の良いマーカーは、心拍数のプロファイルです。被験者が不安であれば、心拍数が上昇することができます。平均心拍数が水平に保たれるまで、深い呼吸テストを開始する前に、これが起こった場合は、待機、心拍数が上昇傾向に上下されていないことを確認します。安静時の呼吸パターンが正常でなければならない、などは過呼吸（のようなエンド潮のCO 2によって測定される）または頻呼吸（呼吸数は毎分11の上方にある）があってはならない。 </li><li>深い呼吸テストは、心房細動や、心臓の迷走神経の変調のいずれか心臓で生成されるリズムによってまたはペースメーカーによって上書きされるため、心拍数がペースメーカーによって制御されるのたとえば特定の心臓dysrythmiaの有用性に限界がある。心臓のリズムの異常の基本的な知識が推奨されます。 </li><li> R波のための成果物の不適切な検出は、明らかに結果にエラーが発生します。これは、R波が確実に検出するには小さすぎる場合は起こった、またはECGのバックグラウンドは、例えば、ノイズが多い場合が悪いため、皮膚の接触することができます。 </li></ol>バルサルバ法バルサルバ法は、被験者から多くの高齢者や虚弱患者が正しくバルサルバ法を実行することができない相当な協力が必要です。最も一般的な原因は、呼吸器系統の間の空気漏れの結果、その口の筋肉の弱さです。この場合、それは指6で管の周囲にシール空気の漏れを穏やかに効果的です。 アドレナリン作動性機能の評価は、バルサルバ法（ 図10）の方形波バリアントで行うことはできません。この反応はまれですが、健常者やうっ血性心不全患者で見ることができます。 傾斜試験薬の数は、テストのチルトテストレンダリングの解釈が困難な影響を与える可能性があります。それは、常にテストの前に投薬を中止することは現実的ではありません。 それは振戦とパーキンソン病患者において、例えば、運動障害の患者に良質の録音を得ることが困難な場合があります。 汗腺を刺激するテスト（QSART） <ol><li>油性の表面またはあまりにも多くの皮膚刺激の不完全な除去は、汗の出力に影響を与える可能性があります。 </li><li>カプセルが原因であまりタイトなカプセル防水または苦痛でない場合は漏れ</li><li>一般的に使用される薬は、汗のテストを妨害する抗コリン作用を持っています。多くの場合、困難な結果の解釈をレンダリングこれらの薬剤を中止することは現実的になります。 </li></ol>コンポジットオートノミック重症度スコア（CASS）を使用して自律神経機能障害の等級。 それが絶対とパーセント値の両方で複数の比較を含むのでCASSのスコアの世代はかなり面倒です。残念ながら、自動的にスコアを計算することができますは商業的なソフトウェアはありません。マサチューセッツ州立大学では、我々は自動的にCASSのスコアを生成する独自のソフトウェアを使用してください。 CASSのスコアの例は、 表8になります。

表9の推奨機器。 <table border="1"><tbody><tr><td> 機器の名前 </td><td> 会社 </td><td> コメント </td></tr><tr><td>電動チルトテーブル</td><td> WR医用電子</td><td> 5〜10秒以内に70度に達して滑らかな動きを持つ任意のテーブル</td></tr><tr><td>心電図モニター</td><td></td><td>アナログ出力を持つデバイス</td></tr><tr><td>ビートからビートの血圧のモニター非侵襲的</td><td> Finapresメディカルシステムズ</td><td>いくつかのモデルが利用できる、すべては類似しています</td></tr><tr><td> Q -スウェット</td><td> WR医用電子</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>経頭蓋ドップラー</td><td></td><td>アナログ出力を持つデバイス</td></tr><tr><td>記録システム</td><td> LabChart、ADInstruments </td><td>簡単なプログラミング</td></tr><tr><td>記録システム</td><td> LabVIEWを</td><td>複雑なプログラミング</td></tr><tr><td>記録システム</td><td> MathWorks社のMATLAB </td><td>複雑なプログラミング</td></tr><tr><td>記録システム</td><td> WR医療</td><td>使用する準備ができて、しかし限られた柔軟性</td></tr><tr><td> CO2モニター</td><td></td><td>睡眠研究のために使用される多くのモデル</td></tr><tr><td>呼吸モニター</td><td></td><td>レコーディングシステムに接続されたシンプルなサーミスタ</td></tr></tbody></table>

quantitative autonomic testing

自律神経系の機能不全に関連する疾患は非常に一般的な、まだ頻繁に認識されていません。定量的な自律神経系検査は、診療と研究の両方で、これらの疾患の評価のための非常に貴重なツールとなることができます。自律神経のテストの数がある、しかし、わずか数は、臨床的に検証または定量的れました。ここでは、自律機能のテストのための完全に定量的および臨床的に検証プロトコルが表示されます。最低限として臨床自律神経の研究室では、チルトテーブル、心電図モニター、連続的な非侵襲的血圧計、呼吸モニターや汗腺を刺激するドメインの評価の平均を持つ必要があります。自律神経のテストの記録および評価用ソフトウェアは、データの正しい評価のための非常に重要です。 cardiovagal、アドレナリンと汗腺：提示プロトコルは、3つの主要な自律神経のドメインを評価します。テストでは、深い呼吸、バルサルバ法、ヘッドアップチルト、および定量的な発汗運動の軸索のテスト（QSART）が含まれています。自律神経障害の重症度と分布は複合オートノミック重症度スコア（CASS）を用いて定量される。詳細なプロトコルは、関連するパラメータと自律神経の信号の公正な評価を得る、適切なデータ収集に重点を置いて、テストの重要な側面を強調提供されています。結果の解釈のための規範的データとCASSのアルゴリズムも提供されています。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantitative Autonomic Testing at JoVE.com

Quantitative Autonomic Testing

自律機能の標準化、包括的で完全に定量的なテストが記載されている。自律神経テストはcardiovagal、アドレナリンや汗腺を含むすべての3つの主要な自律神経のドメインの評価で構成されています。自律神経障害の重症度と分布は複合オートノミック重症度スコアを用いて定量される。

定量的な自律神経系検査

Disorders associated with dysfunction of autonomic nervous system are quite common yet frequently unrecognized. Quantitative autonomic testing can be ...

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Drugs Acting on Autonomic Nervous System: Cholinergic Agonists and Antagonists Agents

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56.3K ビュー.  University of Massachusetts Medical School. 自律機能の標準化、包括的で完全に定量的なテストが記載されている。自律神経テストはcardiovagal、アドレナリンや汗腺を含むすべての3つの主要な自律神経のドメインの評価で構成されています。自律神経障害の重症度と分布は複合オートノミック重症度スコアを用いて定量される。

ビデオ: Quantitative Autonomic Testing

Quantitative Analysis of Chromatin Proteomes in Disease

In the nucleus reside the proteomes whose functions are most intimately linked with gene regulation. Adult mammalian cardiomyocyte nuclei are unique due to the high percentage of binucleated cells,1 the predominantly heterochromatic state of the DNA, and the non-dividing nature of the cardiomyocyte which renders adult nuclei in a permanent state of interphase.2 Transcriptional regulation during development and disease have been well studied in this organ,3-5 but what remains relatively unexplored is the role played by the nuclear proteins responsible for DNA packaging and expression, and how these proteins control changes in transcriptional programs that occur during disease.6 In the developed world, heart disease is the number one cause of mortality for both men and women.7 Insight on how nuclear proteins cooperate to regulate the progression of this disease is critical for advancing the current treatment options.
Mass spectrometry is the ideal tool for addressing these questions as it allows for an unbiased annotation of the nuclear proteome and relative quantification for how the abundance of these proteins changes with disease. While there have been several proteomic studies for mammalian nuclear protein complexes,8-13 until recently14 there has been only one study examining the cardiac nuclear proteome, and it considered the entire nucleus, rather than exploring the proteome at the level of nuclear sub compartments.15 In large part, this shortage of work is due to the difficulty of isolating cardiac nuclei. Cardiac nuclei occur within a rigid and dense actin-myosin apparatus to which they are connected via multiple extensions from the endoplasmic reticulum, to the extent that myocyte contraction alters their overall shape.16 Additionally, cardiomyocytes are 40% mitochondria by volume17 which necessitates enrichment of the nucleus apart from the other organelles. Here we describe a protocol for cardiac nuclear enrichment and further fractionation into biologically-relevant compartments. Furthermore, we detail methods for label-free quantitative mass spectrometric dissection of these fractions-techniques amenable to in vivo experimentation in various animal models and organ systems where metabolic labeling is not feasible.

Advances in mass spectrometry have allowed the high throughput analysis of protein expression and modification in a host of tissues. Combined with subcellular fractionation and disease models, quantitative mass spectrometry and bioinformatics can reveal new properties in biological systems. The method described herein analyzes chromatin-associated proteins in the setting of heart disease and is readily applicable to other in vivo models of human disease.

病におけるクロマチンプロテオームの定量的解析

In the nucleus reside the proteomes whose functions are most intimately linked with gene regulation. Adult mammalian cardiomyocyte nuclei are unique due ...

医学

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Children

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls mainly automatic bodily functions that are engaged in homeostasis, like heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, salivation, perspiration and renal function. The ANS has two main branches: the sympathetic nervous system, preparing the human body for action in times of danger and stress, and the parasympathetic nervous system, which regulates the resting state of the body.
ANS activity can be measured invasively, for instance by radiotracer techniques or microelectrode recording from superficial nerves, or it can be measured non-invasively by using changes in an organ's response as a proxy for changes in ANS activity, for instance of the sweat glands or the heart. Invasive measurements have the highest validity but are very poorly feasible in large scale samples where non-invasive measures are the preferred approach. Autonomic effects on the heart can be reliably quantified by the recording of the electrocardiogram (ECG) in combination with the impedance cardiogram (ICG), which reflects the changes in thorax impedance in response to respiration and the ejection of blood from the ventricle into the aorta. From the respiration and ECG signals, respiratory sinus arrhythmia can be extracted as a measure of cardiac parasympathetic control. From the ECG and the left ventricular ejection signals, the preejection period can be extracted as a measure of cardiac sympathetic control. ECG and ICG recording is mostly done in laboratory settings. However, having the subjects report to a laboratory greatly reduces ecological validity, is not always doable in large scale epidemiological studies, and can be intimidating for young children. An ambulatory device for ECG and ICG simultaneously resolves these three problems.
Here, we present a study design for a minimally invasive and rapid assessment of cardiac autonomic control in children, using a validated ambulatory device 1-5, the VU University Ambulatory Monitoring System (VU-AMS, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,<a href="http://www.vu-ams.nl" target="_blank"> www.vu-ams.nl</a>).

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Children

Measurement of autonomic nervous system activity usually confines the researcher and participant to the laboratory, which may provide an intimidating environment to children. The VU University Ambulatory Monitoring System (VU-AMS) device can record cardiac autonomic control in any setting. The VU-AMS proved very amenable to testing in children.

小児の測定心臓自律神経系（ANS）活動

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls mainly automatic bodily functions that are engaged in homeostasis, like heart rate, digestion, respiratory ...

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) therapy is sometimes used as a treatment for various common skin conditions, including psoriasis, acne, and eczema. The dosage of UV light is prescribed according to an individual's skin sensitivity. Thus, to establish the proper dosage of UV light to administer to a patient, the patient is sometimes screened to determine a minimal erythema dose (MED), which is the amount of UV radiation that will produce minimal erythema (sunburn or redness caused by engorgement of capillaries) of an individual's skin within a few hours following exposure. This article describes how to conduct minimal erythema dose (MED) testing. There is currently no easy way to determine an appropriate UV dose for clinical or research purposes without conducting formal MED testing, requiring observation hours after testing, or informal trial and error testing with the risks of under- or over-dosing. However, some alternative methods are discussed.

Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing

This article describes how to conduct minimal erythema dose (MED) testing in order to determine the lowest dose of ultraviolet radiation that will cause erythema (burning) when administered to an individual.

最小紅斑量（MED）試験

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) therapy is  sometimes used as a treatment for various common skin conditions, including  psoriasis, acne, and eczema. The ...

A Novel Application of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Imaging

Ultrasound is an attractive modality for imaging muscle and tendon motion during dynamic tasks and can provide a complementary methodological approach for biomechanical studies in a clinical or laboratory setting. Towards this goal, methods for quantification of muscle kinematics from ultrasound imagery are being developed based on image processing. The temporal resolution of these methods is typically not sufficient for highly dynamic tasks, such as drop-landing. We propose a new approach that utilizes a Doppler method for quantifying muscle kinematics. We have developed a novel vector tissue Doppler imaging (vTDI) technique that can be used to measure musculoskeletal contraction velocity, strain and strain rate with sub-millisecond temporal resolution during dynamic activities using ultrasound. The goal of this preliminary study was to investigate the repeatability and potential applicability of the vTDI technique in measuring musculoskeletal velocities during a drop-landing task, in healthy subjects. The vTDI measurements can be performed concurrently with other biomechanical techniques, such as 3D motion capture for joint kinematics and kinetics, electromyography for timing of muscle activation and force plates for ground reaction force. Integration of these complementary techniques could lead to a better understanding of dynamic muscle function and dysfunction underlying the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of musculoskeletal disorders.

We describe a new ultrasound-based vector tissue Doppler imaging technique to measure muscle contraction velocity, strain and strain rate with sub-millisecond temporal resolution during dynamic activities. This approach provides complementary measurements of dynamic muscle function and could lead to a better understanding of mechanisms underlying musculoskeletal disorders.

筋骨格超音波画像の新規応用

Ultrasound is an attractive modality for imaging muscle and tendon  motion during dynamic tasks and can provide a complementary methodological  approach ...

Cerebrospinal Fluid MicroRNA Profiling Using Quantitative Real Time PCR

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a potent layer of gene regulation by guiding RISC to target sites located on mRNAs and, consequently, by modulating their translational repression. Changes in miRNA expression have been shown to be involved in the development of all major complex diseases. Furthermore, recent findings showed that miRNAs can be secreted to the extracellular environment and enter the bloodstream and other body fluids where they can circulate with high stability. The function of such circulating miRNAs remains largely elusive, but systematic high throughput approaches, such as miRNA profiling arrays, have lead to the identification of miRNA signatures in several pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative disorders and several types of cancers. In this context, the identification of miRNA expression profile in the cerebrospinal fluid, as reported in our recent study, makes miRNAs attractive candidates for biomarker analysis.
There are several tools available for profiling microRNAs, such as microarrays, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), and deep sequencing. Here, we describe a sensitive method to profile microRNAs in cerebrospinal fluids by quantitative real-time PCR. We used the Exiqon microRNA ready-to-use PCR human panels I and II V2.R, which allows detection of 742 unique human microRNAs. We performed the arrays in triplicate runs and we processed and analyzed data using the GenEx Professional 5 software.
Using this protocol, we have successfully profiled microRNAs in various types of cell lines and primary cells, CSF, plasma, and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.

We describe a protocol of real time PCR to profile microRNAs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). With the exception of RNA extraction protocols, the procedure can be extended to RNA extracted from other body fluids, cultured cells, or tissue specimens.

定量リアルタイムPCRを用いて脳脊髄液マイクロRNAプロファイリング

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a potent layer of gene regulation by guiding RISC to target sites located on mRNAs and, consequently, by modulating their ...

Development of an Algorithm to Perform a Comprehensive Study of Autonomic Dysreflexia in Animals with High Spinal Cord Injury Using a Telemetry Device

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating neurological condition characterized by somatic and autonomic dysfunctions. In particular, SCI above the mid-thoracic level can lead to a potentially life-threatening hypertensive condition called autonomic dysreflexia (AD) that is often triggered by noxious or non-noxious somatic or visceral stimuli below the level of injury. One of the most common triggers of AD is the distension of pelvic viscera, such as during bladder and bowel distension or evacuation. This protocol presents a novel pattern recognition algorithm developed for a JAVA platform software to study the fluctuations of cardiovascular parameters as well as the number, severity and duration of spontaneously occurring AD events. The software is able to apply a pattern recognition algorithm on hemodynamic data such as systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) extracted from telemetry recordings of conscious and unrestrained animals before and after thoracic (T3) complete transection. With this software, hemodynamic parameters and episodes of AD are able to be detected and analyzed with minimal experimenter bias.

The catheter of a telemetry device is implanted into the abdominal aorta in order to continuously collect beat-by-beat hemodynamic data from animals pre and post-high thoracic spinal cord transection. A novel JAVA software was employed to analyze hemodynamic parameters as well as frequency and intensity of spontaneous episodes of autonomic dysreflexia.

遠隔測定装置を使用した高脊髄損傷で動物に自律神経反射異常の総合的研究を行うためにアルゴリズムの開発

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating neurological condition characterized by somatic and autonomic dysfunctions. In particular, SCI above the ...

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) consists of two branches, the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems, and controls the function of internal organs (e.g., heart rate, respiration, digestion) and responds to everyday and adverse experiences 1. ANS measures in children have been found to be related to behavior problems, emotion regulation, and health 2-7. Therefore, understanding the factors that affect ANS development during early childhood is important. Both branches of the ANS affect young children&#8217;s cardiovascular responses to stimuli and have been measured noninvasively, via external monitoring equipment, using valid and reliable measures of physiological change 8-11. However, there are few studies of very young children with simultaneous measures of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems, which limits understanding of the integrated functioning of the two systems. In addition, the majority of existing studies of young children report on infants&#8217; resting ANS measures or their reactivity to commonly used mother-child interaction paradigms, and less is known about ANS reactivity to other challenging conditions. We present a study design and standardized protocol for a non-invasive and rapid assessment of cardiac autonomic control in 18 month old children. We describe methods for continuous monitoring of the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the ANS under resting and challenge conditions during a home or laboratory visit and provide descriptive findings from our sample of 140 ethnically diverse toddlers using validated equipment and scoring software. Results revealed that this protocol can produce a range of&#160;physiological responses to both resting and developmentally challenging conditions, as indicated by changes in heart rate and indices of parasympathetic and sympathetic activity. Individuals demonstrated&#160;variability in resting levels, responses to challenges, and challenge reactivity, which provides additional evidence that this protocol is useful for the examination of ANS individual differences for toddlers.

Measuring Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System ANS Activity in Toddlers - Resting and Developmental Challenges

We describe the methods for continuous monitoring of the autonomic nervous system under resting and challenge conditions with 18 month old children. Results revealed that this protocol can produce meaningful physiological responses in both branches of the autonomic nervous system and elicit significant individual variability in patterns of responses.

幼児に心臓自律神経系（ANS）活性の測定 - 休憩と発達課題

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) consists of two branches, the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems, and controls the function of internal ...

Proximal Cadaveric Femur Preparation for Fracture Strength Testing and Quantitative CT-based Finite Element Analysis

Cadaveric fracture testing is routinely used to understand factors that affect proximal femur strength. Because ex vivo biological tissues are prone to lose their mechanical properties over time, specimen preparation for experimental testing must be performed carefully to obtain reliable results that represent in vivo conditions. For that reason, we designed a protocol and a set of fixtures to prepare the femoral specimens such that their mechanical properties experienced minimal changes. The femora were kept in a frozen state except during preparation steps and mechanical testing. The relevant clinical measures of total hip and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) were obtained with a clinical dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) bone densitometer, and the 3D geometry and distribution of bone mineral were obtained using CT with a calibration phantom for quantitative estimations based on the greyscale values. Any possible bone disease, fracture, or the presence of implants or artifacts affecting the bone structure, was ruled out with X-ray scans. For preparation, all bones were carefully cleaned of excess soft tissue, and were cut and potted at the internal rotation angle of interest. A cutting fixture allowed the distal end of the bone to be cut off leaving the proximal femur at a desired length. To allow positioning of the femoral neck at prescribed angles during later CT scanning and mechanical testing, the proximal femoral shafts were potted in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) using a fixture designed specifically for desired orientations. The data collected from our experiments were then used for validation of quantitative computed tomography (QCT)-based finite element analysis (FEA), as described in a different protocol. In this manuscript, we present the protocol for the precise bone preparation for mechanical testing and subsequent QCT/FEA modeling. The current protocol was successfully applied to prepare about 200 cadaveric femora over a 6-year time period.

We present a robust protocol on how to carefully preserve and prepare cadaveric femora for fracture testing and quantitative computed tomography imaging. The method provides precise control over input conditions for the purpose of determining relationships between bone mineral density, fracture strength, and defining finite element model geometry and properties.

破壊強度試験および定量的CTベースの有限要素解析のための近位の死体大腿骨の準備

Cadaveric fracture testing is routinely used to understand factors that affect proximal femur strength.  Because ex vivo biological tissues are prone to ...

A Quantitative Sensory Testing Paradigm to Obtain Measures of Pain Processing in Patients Undergoing Breast Cancer Surgery

Chronic pain following surgery, persistent postsurgical pain, is an important highly prevalent condition contributing to significant symptom burden and lower quality of life. Persistent postsurgical pain is relatively refractory to treatment hence generating a high need for preventive strategies and treatments. Therefore, the identification of patients at risk of developing persistent pain is an area of active ongoing research. Recently it was demonstrated that peri-operative disruptions in central pain processing may be able to predict persistent postsurgical pain at long term follow-up in breast cancer patients. The aim of the current report is to present a short protocol to obtain pain thresholds to different stimuli at multiple sites and a measure of endogenous analgesia in breast cancer patients. We have used this method successfully in a clinical context and detail some representative results from a clinical study.

Persistent postsurgical pain may be related to changes in pain processing. By assessing pain in response to standardized stimuli, changes in pain processing can be elucidated. We present methods to obtain pain thresholds to different stimuli and a measure of endogenous analgesia in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery.

乳がんの手術を受けている患者における痛みの処理の措置を取得する定量的感覚テスト パラダイム

Chronic pain following surgery, persistent postsurgical pain, is an important highly prevalent condition contributing to significant symptom burden and ...

Autonomic Function Following Concussion in Youth Athletes: An Exploration of Heart Rate Variability Using 24-hour Recording Methodology

Participation in organized sports makes a significant contribution to youth development, but places youth at a higher risk for sustaining a concussion. To date, return-to-activity decision-making has been anchored in the monitoring of self-reported concussion symptoms and neurocognitive testing. However, multi-modal assessments that corroborate objective physiological measures with traditional subjective symptom reporting are needed and can be valuable. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive physiological indicator of the autonomic nervous system, capturing the reciprocal interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. There is a dearth of literature exploring the effect of concussion on HRV in youth athletes, and developmental differences preclude the application of adult findings to a pediatric population. Further, the current state of HRV methodology has primarily included short-term (5-15 min) recordings, by using resting state or short-term physical exertion testing to elucidate changes following concussion. The novelty in utilizing a 24 h&#160;recording methodology is that it has the potential to capture natural variation in autonomic function, directly related to the activities a youth athlete performs on a regular basis. Within a prospective, longitudinal research setting, this novel approach to quantifying autonomic function can provide important information regarding the recovery trajectory, alongside traditional self-report symptom measures. Our objectives regarding a 24 h recording methodology were to (1) evaluate the physiological effects of a concussion in youth athletes, and (2) describe the trajectory of physiological change, while considering the resolution of self-reported post-concussion symptoms. To achieve these objectives, non-invasive sensor technology was implemented. The raw beat-to-beat time intervals captured can be transformed to derive time domain and frequency domain measures, which reflect an individual&#39;s ability to adapt and be flexible to their ever-changing environment. By using non-invasive heart rate technology, autonomic function can be quantified outside of a traditional controlled research setting.

We demonstrate a 24 h heart rate recording methodology to evaluate the influence of concussion across the recovery trajectory in youth athletes, within an ecologically valid context.

次のユース選手の脳震盪の自律神経機能: 24 時間録音手法を使用して心拍数の変化の調査

Participation in organized sports makes a significant contribution to youth development, but places youth at a higher risk for sustaining a concussion. To ...