Name: ferric chloride-induced murine thrombosis models
Uploaded: 2016-09-05T13:00:00.000+00:00
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ferric Chloride-induced Murine Thrombosis Models at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the National Institutes of Health under award numbers R01 HL121212 (PI: Sen Gupta), R01 HL129179 (PI: Sen Gupta, Co-I: Li) and R01 HL098217 (PI: Nieman). The content of this publication is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

FeCl 3 -誘発モデルは、血小板機能および血栓症7,8,16,19,31-33上の遺伝子改変に関する貴重な情報を提供することができるだけでなく、貴重なツールとなりうる最も広く使用されている血栓症モデルの一つであり、アテローム血栓性疾患11,17,34-37の治療および予防のための治療化合物および戦略を評価するため。ここでは、私たちの修正と、このモデルの改良を示し、抗?...

動脈血栓症（血の塊）は、アテローム性動脈硬化症、糖尿病、肥満、癌および慢性自己免疫リウマチ性疾患などの慢性炎症に関連する多くの全身性疾患の一般的な合併症です。不適切な血小板活性化、凝集及びその後の凝固機構から動脈循環ステムで発生し、血栓は、心臓発作、脳卒中及び四肢の喪失に関与しています。血管壁は、血管壁内の血液細胞、ホルモンおよびサイトカイン、ならびに抗酸化タンパク質の発現を循環する、複数の細胞型を含み、剪断応力を含む外因性の要因の多くに影響される複雑なシステムである。 インビトロ実験は複製できませんこの複雑な環境、従って、動物モデルを用いたin vivo試験では、血栓性疾患に関与するメカニズムのより良い理解を可能にするために重要です。 マウスは、シムを有することが示されています血栓症、アテローム性動脈硬化症、炎症および糖尿病1,2の点でヒトへのILARメカニズム。さらに、トランスジェニックおよびノックアウトマウスは、複雑な生理学的または病理学的環境の特定の遺伝子産物の機能をテストするために作成することができます。このような研究は、ヒト病理を模倣し、新たな経路および治療法の発見に関連する重要な機構的情報を提供するだけでなく、血栓症に対する薬物の効果を特徴づける重要な詳細を提供することができます。 病的な動脈血栓は、内皮下マトリックス3,4への血流の層損傷または機能不全と露出を内皮に起因起こります。種々の血栓症モデルは、機械的損傷、光反応性化合物ローズベンガルベースの酸化損傷およびレーザー損傷5として内皮損傷を誘導するために開発されてきました。このスペクトルでは、塩化第二鉄（FeCl 3を）は、血管損傷は血栓症の広く使用されているモデルである誘発しました。この試薬とき容器の外側の側面に適用され、血小板および凝固カスケードの成分を循環から内皮細胞の保護の損失、血管細胞6-8の酸化的損傷を誘発します。 FeCl 3モデルは、単純かつ抗凝固剤および抗血小板薬の両方に対して敏感であり、マウス、ラット、モルモット及びウサギ6-15に頸動脈及び大腿動脈、頸静脈、および腸間膜および精巣挙筋細動脈と細静脈上で実行されています。 このモデルにおける一つの測定可能なパラメーターは、ドップラー流量計または生体顕微鏡の6,7,9と直接観察下血流停止として測定し、血管閉塞を完了するために損傷からの経過時間です。 5〜30分の間の時間の範囲は、FeCl 3を濃度が、麻酔、外科技術、マウスの年齢の種類、ゲノム背景、Bを測定する方法を示唆し、C57BL6マウス7-10,16異なる研究で報告されていますloodフロー、および他の環境変数は、このモデルにおいて有意な効果を有します。この広い可変性は、それが困難な異なる研究グループからの研究を比較することになり、微妙な差異の検出が困難になることができます。 このような変動性を最小化し、 生体内のモデル系で均一に再現性を確立するためのビジョンでは、我々は最小限の変動6-10,16-19と再現性の高いデータを作成するのFeCl 3 -誘発性頚動脈モデルに磨きをかけてきました。本稿では説明し、スキルを共有し、このモデルの恩恵を受けることができるいくつかの代表的な実験例を報告しています。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Surgical Scissors - Tungsten Carbide</td><td>Fine Science Tools&amp;nbsp;</td><td>14502-14</td><td>cut and hold skin</td></tr><tr><td>Micro-Adson Forceps - Serrated/Straight/12 cm</td><td>Fine Science Tools&amp;nbsp;</td><td>11018-12</td><td>cut and hold skin</td></tr><tr><td>Metzenbaum Fino Scissors - Tungsten Carbide/Curved/Blunt-Blunt/14.5 cm</td><td>Fine Science Tools&amp;nbsp;</td><td>14519-14&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td><td>to dissect and separate soft tissue</td></tr><tr><td>Ultra Fine Hemostat - Smooth/Curved/12.5 cm</td><td>Fine Science Tools&amp;nbsp;</td><td>13021-12</td><td>to dissect and separate soft tissue</td></tr><tr><td>Graefe Forceps - Serrated/Straight/10 cm</td><td>Fine Science Tools&amp;nbsp;</td><td>11050-10</td><td>to dissect and separate soft tissue</td></tr><tr><td>Dumont #5 Fine Forceps - Biology Tips/Straight/Inox/11 cm</td><td>Fine Science Tools&amp;nbsp;</td><td>11254-20&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Isolate vessel from surounding tissue</td></tr><tr><td>Dumont #5XL Forceps - Standard Tips/Straight/Inox/15 cm</td><td>Fine Science Tools&amp;nbsp;</td><td>11253-10</td><td>Isolate vessel from surounding tissue</td></tr><tr><td>Blunt Hook- 12 cm/0.3 mm Tip Diameter</td><td>Fine Science Tools&amp;nbsp;</td><td>10062-12</td><td>Isolate vessel from surounding tissue</td></tr><tr><td>Castroviejo Micro Needle Holders</td><td>Fine Science Tools&amp;nbsp;</td><td>12061-02</td><td>Needle holders</td></tr><tr><td>Suture Thread 4-0</td><td>Fine Science Tools&amp;nbsp;</td><td>18020-40</td><td>For fix the incisors to the plate</td></tr><tr><td>Suture Thread 6-0</td><td>Fine Science Tools&amp;nbsp;</td><td>18020-60</td><td>For all surgery and ligation</td></tr><tr><td>Kalt Suture Needles</td><td>Fine Science Tools&amp;nbsp;</td><td>12050-03</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>rhodamine 6G&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma</td><td>83697-1G</td><td>To lebel platelets</td></tr><tr><td>FeCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (Anhydrous)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>12321</td><td>To induce vessel injury</td></tr><tr><td>Papaverine hydrochloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>P3510</td><td>To inhibit gut peristalsis.</td></tr><tr><td>Medline Surgical Instrument Sterilization Steam Autoclave Tapes</td><td>Medline</td><td>111625</td><td>To fix the mouse to the plate</td></tr><tr><td>Fisherbrand&amp;trade;&amp;nbsp;Syringe Filters - Sterile 0.22 &amp;micro;m</td><td>Fisher</td><td>09-720-004</td><td>For sterlization of solutions injected to mice</td></tr><tr><td>Fisherbrand&amp;trade;&amp;nbsp;Syringe Filters - Sterile 0.45 &amp;micro;m</td><td>Fisher</td><td>09-719D</td><td>To filter the FeCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; solution</td></tr><tr><td>Sterile Alcohol Prep Pad</td><td>Fisher</td><td>06-669-62</td><td>To sterilize the surgical site</td></tr><tr><td>Agarose&amp;nbsp;</td><td>BioExpress</td><td>E-3120-500</td><td>To make gel stage</td></tr><tr><td>Leica DMLFS fluorescent microscope</td><td>Leica</td><td></td><td>Intravital microscope</td></tr><tr><td>GIBRALTAR Platform and X-Y Stage System with heating plate attached.</td><td>npi electronic GmbH</td><td></td><td>http://www.npielectronic.de/products/micropositioners/burleigh/gibraltar.html</td></tr><tr><td>Streampix version 3.17.2 software</td><td>NorPix</td><td></td><td>https://www.norpix.com/</td></tr></tbody></table>

ferric chloride-induced murine thrombosis models

Arterial thrombosis (blood clot) is a common complication of many systemic diseases associated with chronic inflammation, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, cancer and chronic autoimmune rheumatologic disorders. Thrombi are the cause of most heart attacks, strokes and extremity loss, making thrombosis an extremely important public health problem. Since these thrombi stem from inappropriate platelet activation and subsequent coagulation, targeting these systems therapeutically has important clinical significance for developing safer treatments. Due to the complexities of the hemostatic system, in vitro experiments cannot replicate the blood-to-vessel wall interactions; therefore, in vivo studies are critical to understand pathological mechanisms of thrombus formation. To this end, various thrombosis models have been developed in mice. Among them, ferric chloride (FeCl3) induced vascular injury is a widely used model of occlusive thrombosis that reports platelet activation and aggregation in the context of an aseptic closed vascular system. This model is based on redox-induced endothelial cell injury, which is simple and sensitive to both anticoagulant and anti-platelets drugs. The time required for the development of a thrombus that occludes blood flow gives a quantitative measure of vascular injury, platelet activation and aggregation that is relevant to thrombotic diseases. We have significantly refined this FeCl3-induced vascular thrombosis model, which makes the data highly reproducible with minimal variation. Here we describe the model and present representative data from several experimental set-ups that demonstrate the utility of this model in thrombosis research.

頸動脈血栓症モデル C57BL6背景を持つマウスでは、我々は出発点として、1分間血管を治療するために、7.5％のFeCl 3を使用することをお勧めします。 7.5％のFeCl 3の治療の下で、負傷したエリアと通常の血管壁の境界を容易に内皮層が著しく破損していたことを示唆している、（ オンラインビデオ1を参照して?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ferric Chloride-induced Murine Thrombosis Models at JoVE.com

Ferric Chloride-induced Murine Thrombosis Models

私たちは、塩化第二鉄（FeCl 3を）の洗練された手順は、頸動脈や腸間膜動脈ならびに静脈に血栓症モデルを誘発血栓形成を閉塞性までの時間を監視するために生体顕微鏡を用いて、効率的特徴を報告しています。

塩化第二鉄誘発性マウス血栓症モデル

Arterial thrombosis (blood clot) is a common complication of many systemic diseases associated with chronic inflammation, including atherosclerosis, ...

ferric-chloride-induced-murine-thrombosis-models

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

21.5K ビュー.  Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic. 私たちは、塩化第二鉄（FeCl 3を）の洗練された手順は、頸動脈や腸間膜動脈ならびに静脈に血栓症モデルを誘発血栓形成を閉塞性までの時間を監視するために生体顕微鏡を用いて、効率的特徴を報告しています。 

ビデオ: Ferric Chloride-induced Murine Thrombosis Models

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model (EIM) of Venous Thrombosis

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential therapeutic compounds (1). New compounds to be utilized in the treatment and prevention of DVT are currently being developed. The delivery of potential therapeutic antagonist compounds to an affected thrombosed vein has been problematic. In the context of therapeutic applications, a model that uses partial stasis and consistently generates thrombi within a major vein has been recently established. The Electrolytic Inferior vena cava Model (EIM) is mouse model of DVT that permits thrombus formation in the presence of continuous blood flow. This model allows therapeutic agents to be in contact with the thrombus in a dynamic fashion, and is more sensitive than other models of DVT (1). In addition, this thrombosis model closely simulates clinical situations of thrombus formation and is ideal to study venous endothelial cell activation, leukocyte migration, venous thrombogenesis, and to test therapeutic applications (1). The EIM model is technically simple, easily reproducible, creates consistent thrombi sizes and allows for a large sample (i.e. thrombus and vein wall) which is required for analytical purposes.

Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model EIM of Venous Thrombosis

The electrolytic induction of endothelial activation to the internal surface of the Inferior Vena Cava results in venous type thrombus formation due to endothelial activation and partial blood stasis, two components of Virchow's triad.

静脈血栓症の電解下大静脈モデル（EIM）

Animal models serve a vital role in deep venous thrombosis (DVT) research in order to study thrombus formation, thrombus resolution and to test potential ...

医学

Mouse Complete Stasis Model of Inferior Vena Cava Thrombosis

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and mortality rates make VTE a serious health concern 1-2. After heart disease and stroke, VTE is the third most common vascular disease 3. In the U.S. alone, there is an estimated 900,000 people affected each year, with 300,000 deaths occurring annually 3. A reliable in vivo animal model to study the mechanisms of this disease is necessary.
The advantages of using the mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis are several. The mouse model allows for the administration of very small volumes of limited availability test agents, reducing costs dramatically. Most promising is the potential for mice with gene knockouts that allow specific inflammatory and coagulation factor functions to be delineated. Current molecular assays allow for the quantitation of vein wall, thrombus, whole blood, and plasma for assays. However, a major concern involving this model is the operative size constraints and the friability of the vessels. Also, due to the small IVC sample weight (mean 0.005 grams) it is necessary to increase animal numbers for accurate statistical analysis for tissue, thrombus, and blood assays such as real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA), zymography, vein wall and thrombus cellular analysis, and whole blood and plasma assays 4-8.
The major disadvantage with the stasis model is that the lack of blood flow inhibits the maximal effect of administered systemic therapeutic agents on the thrombus and vein wall.

The mouse complete stasis model of inferior vena cava thrombosis yields quantifiable amounts of vein wall tissue and thrombus. It has proven useful for evaluating interactions between the vein wall and the occlusive thrombus and in assessing the progression from acute to chronic inflammation.

下大静脈血栓症のマウス完全な停滞のモデル

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE).  In the United States (U.S.), the high morbidity and ...

Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography

Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well as reduced metrics in quality of life.1 Both environmental and genetic factors are associated with obesity, though the precise underlying mechanisms that contribute to the disease are currently being delineated.2,3 Several small animal models of obesity have been developed and are employed in a variety of studies.4 A critical component to these experiments involves the collection of regional and/or total animal fat content data under varied conditions.
Traditional experimental methods available for measuring fat content in small animal models of obesity include invasive (e.g. ex vivo measurement of fat deposits) and non-invasive (e.g. Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), or Magnetic Resonance (MR)) protocols, each of which presents relative trade-offs. Current invasive methods for measuring fat content may provide details for organ and region specific fat distribution, but sacrificing the subjects will preclude longitudinal assessments. Conversely, current non-invasive strategies provide limited details for organ and region specific fat distribution, but enable valuable longitudinal assessment. With the advent of dedicated small animal X-ray computed tomography (CT) systems and customized analytical procedures, both organ and region specific analysis of fat distribution and longitudinal profiling may be possible. Recent reports have validated the use of CT for in vivo longitudinal imaging of adiposity in living mice.5,6 Here we provide a modified method that allows for fat/total volume measurement, analysis and visualization utilizing the Carestream Molecular Imaging Albira CT system in conjunction with PMOD and Volview software packages.

Fat content analysis is routinely conducted in studies utilizing murine obesity models. Emerging methods in small animal CT imaging and analysis are providing for longitudinal detail rich fat content analysis. Here we detail step by step procedures for performing small animal CT imaging, analysis, and visualization.

X線CTを用いたマウス肥満モデルにおけるセグメンテーションおよびFATボリュームの測定

Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well as reduced metrics in quality of life.1 Both environmental and genetic factors are ...

Quantitative Analysis and Characterization of Atherosclerotic Lesions in the Murine Aortic Sinus

Atherosclerosis is a disease of the large arteries and a major underlying cause of myocardial infarction and stroke. Several different mouse models have been developed to facilitate the study of the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of this disease. In this manuscript we describe specific techniques for the quantification and characterization of atherosclerotic lesions in the murine aortic sinus and ascending aorta. The advantage of this procedure is that it provides an accurate measurement of the cross-sectional area and total volume of the lesion, which can be used to compare atherosclerotic progression across different treatment groups. This is possible through the use of the valve leaflets as an anatomical landmark, together with careful adjustment of the sectioning angle. We also describe basic staining methods that can be used to begin to characterize atherosclerotic progression. These can be further modified to investigate antigens of specific interest to the researcher. The described techniques are generally applicable to a wide variety of existing and newly created dietary and genetically-induced models of atherogenesis.

We describe procedures to quantify and characterize atherosclerotic lesions in mouse models using precision sectioning of the aortic sinus and ascending aorta combined with histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis.

マウス大動脈洞におけるアテローム性動脈硬化症の病変の定量分析とキャラクタリゼーション

Atherosclerosis is a disease of the large arteries and a major underlying cause of myocardial infarction and stroke. Several different mouse models have ...

Intrastriatal Injection of Autologous Blood or Clostridial Collagenase as Murine Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common form of cerebrovascular disease and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Lack of effective treatment and failure of large clinical trials aimed at hemostasis and clot removal demonstrate the need for further mechanism-driven investigation of ICH. This research may be performed through the framework provided by preclinical models. Two murine models in popular use include intrastriatal (basal ganglia) injection of either autologous whole blood or clostridial collagenase. Since, each model represents distinctly different pathophysiological features related to ICH, use of a particular model may be selected based on what aspect of the disease is to be studied. For example, autologous blood injection most accurately represents the brain&#39;s response to the presence of intraparenchymal blood, and may most closely replicate lobar hemorrhage. Clostridial collagenase injection most accurately represents the small vessel rupture and hematoma evolution characteristic of deep hemorrhages. Thus, each model results in different hematoma formation, neuroinflammatory response, cerebral edema development, and neurobehavioral outcomes. Robustness of a purported therapeutic intervention can be best assessed using both models. In this protocol, induction of ICH using both models, immediate post-operative demonstration of injury, and early post-operative care techniques are demonstrated. Both models result in reproducible injuries, hematoma volumes, and neurobehavioral deficits. Because of the heterogeneity of human ICH, multiple preclinical models are needed to thoroughly explore pathophysiologic mechanisms and test potential therapeutic strategies.

Preclinical models of intracerebral hemorrhage are utilized to mimic certain aspects of clinical disease. Thus, mechanisms of injury and potential therapeutic strategies may be explored. In this protocol, two models of intracerebral hemorrhage are described, intrastriatal (basal ganglia) injections of autologous blood or collagenase.

脳内出血のマウスモデルとして、自己血やクロストリジウムコラゲナーゼの線条体内注入

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a common form of cerebrovascular disease and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Lack of effective ...

Orthotopic Injection of Breast Cancer Cells into the Mammary Fat Pad of Mice to Study Tumor Growth.

Breast cancer growth can be studied in mice using a plethora of models. Genetic manipulation of breast cancer cells may provide insights into the functions of proteins involved in oncogenic progression or help to discover new tumor suppressors. In addition, injecting cancer cells into mice with different genotypes might provide a better understanding of the importance of the stromal compartment. Many models may be useful to investigate certain aspects of disease progression but do not recapitulate the entire cancerous process. In contrast, breast cancer cells engraftment to the mammary fat pad of mice better recapitulates the location of the disease and presence of the proper stromal compartment and therefore better mimics human cancerous disease. In this article, we describe how to implant breast cancer cells into mice orthotopically and explain how to collect tissues to analyse the tumor milieu and metastasis to distant organs. Using this model, many aspects (growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis) of cancer can be investigated simply by providing a proper environment for tumor cells to grow.

Cancer is a complex disease that is influenced by the tissue surrounding the tumor as well as local pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, orthotropic injection models, rather than subcutaneous models may be useful to study cancer progression in a manner that better mimics human pathology.

腫瘍増殖を研究するためにマウスの乳房脂肪パッド中に乳癌細胞の同所注入。

Breast cancer growth can be studied in mice using a plethora of models. Genetic manipulation of breast cancer cells may provide insights into the ...

血管クリップを使用したマウスがんモデルにおける静脈血栓症アッセイの最適化

Venous Thrombosis Assay in a Mouse Model of Cancer

This methodology paper highlights the surgical nuances of a rodent model of venous thrombosis, specifically in the context of cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT). Deep venous thrombosis is a common complication in cancer survivors and can be potentially fatal. The current murine venous thrombosis models typically involve a complete or partial mechanical occlusion of the inferior vena cava (IVC) using a suture. This procedure induces a total or partial stasis of blood and endothelial damage, triggering thrombogenesis. The current models have limitations such as higher variability in clot weights, significant mortality rate, and prolonged learning curve. This report introduces surgical refinements using vascular clips to address some of these limitations. Using a syngeneic colon cancer xenograft mouse model, we employed customized vascular clips to ligate the infrarenal vena cava. These clips allow residual lip space similar to a 5-0 polypropylene suture after IVC ligations. Mice with the suture method served as controls. The vascular clip method resulted in a consistent reproducible partial vascular occlusion and greater clot weights with less variability than the suture method. The larger clot weights, greater clot mass, and clot to the IVC luminal surface area were expected due to the higher pressure profile of the vascular clips compared to a 6-0 polypropylene suture. The approach was validated by gray scale ultrasonography, which revealed consistently greater clot mass in the infrarenal vena cava with vascular clips compared to the suture method. These observations were further substantiated with the immunofluorescence staining. This study offers an improved method to generate a venous thrombosis model in mice, which can be employed to deepen the mechanistic understanding of CAT and in translational research such as drug discovery.

著者スポットライト:げっ歯類モデルにおけるがん関連血栓症研究の進歩 

This article aims to present an optimized method for assessing venous thrombosis in a mouse cancer model, using vascular clips to achieve venous ligation. Optimization minimizes variability in thrombosis-related measurements and enhances relevance to human cancer-associated venous thrombosis.

癌のマウスモデルにおける静脈血栓症アッセイ

This methodology paper highlights the surgical nuances of a rodent model of venous thrombosis, specifically in the context of cancer-associated thrombosis ...

がん研究

Ferric Chloride-induced Thrombosis Mouse Model on Carotid Artery and Mesentery Vessel

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric chloride injury is now a well-established technique to rapidly and accurately induce the formation of thrombi in exposed veins or artery of small and large diameter. This model has played a key role in the study of the pathophysiology of thrombosis, in the discovery and validation of novel antithrombotic drugs and in the understanding of the mechanism of action of these new agents. Here, the implementation of this technique on a mesenteric vessel and carotid artery in mice is presented. The method describes how to label circulating leukocytes and platelets with a fluorescent dye and to observe, by intravital microscopy on the exposed mesentery, their accumulation at the injured vessel wall which leads to the formation of a thrombus. On the carotid artery, the occlusion caused by the clot formation is measured by monitoring the blood flow with a Doppler probe.

The FeCl3 induced thrombosis model in mice is described herein. A method to monitor thrombus growth by intravital microscopy observation on a mesenteric vessel and by blood flow measurement in the carotid artery is presented.

塩化第二鉄誘発性頚動脈および腸間膜血管に血栓症のマウスモデル

Severe thrombosis and its ischemic consequences such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism and stroke are major worldwide health issues. The ferric ...

塩化第二鉄誘発性マウス血栓症モデル

要約

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静脈血栓症の電解下大静脈モデル（EIM）

下大静脈血栓症のマウス完全な停滞のモデル

X線CTを用いたマウス肥満モデルにおけるセグメンテーションおよびFATボリュームの測定

マウス大動脈洞におけるアテローム性動脈硬化症の病変の定量分析とキャラクタリゼーション

脳内出血のマウスモデルとして、自己血やクロストリジウムコラゲナーゼの線条体内注入

腫瘍増殖を研究するためにマウスの乳房脂肪パッド中に乳癌細胞の同所注入。

癌のマウスモデルにおける静脈血栓症アッセイ

癌のマウスモデルにおける静脈血栓症アッセイ

癌のマウスモデルにおける静脈血栓症アッセイ

塩化第二鉄誘発性頚動脈および腸間膜血管に血栓症のマウスモデル