このプロジェクトの開始のヘルプ感謝ボー Johnels、ナセル ・ ホセイニ、ロイ ・ トランバーグとパトリック Almströmこのプロトコルで提示された研究データは、Sahlgrenska 大学病院で収集されました。

ここで説明したすべてのメソッドは、ヨーテボリ、スウェーデン (318-04, 225-08) 地域の倫理審査委員会で承認された研究の一部をされています。
1 モーション キャプチャ システムの設定
<ol><li>測定エリアに直面して 1.5 〜 2.5 m の高さで測定エリアから約 1.5 ~ 3 m の壁に 4 台のカメラをマウントします。測定領域 (図 1) のすぐ上の天井に 1 台のカメラをマウントします。カメラ システムを起動します。</li>
	<li>テーブルの端に沿って短軸と長軸前方を指すとテーブルの上の L 字型校正フレームを配置します。 注: 前方 (前方に矢状面) 監督の x 軸、y 軸が横方向 (前頭面) の監督および z 軸上向き指示 (上方に、横の平面に垂直) と座標系が定義されます。</li>
	<li>3 D トラッキング ・ データ集録ソフトウェア (トラック マネージャー) を開き、のキャプチャを選択して校正を開始 |調整、校正時間の 30 s とクリックを入力して[ok]。</li>
	<li>上記の椅子とテーブル 5 のすべてのカメラが可能な16,17として多く向きの杖をキャプチャできるように全体測定全域 (75 × 75 × 65 cm) 四方の杖を移動します。キャリブレーション後、結果は画面に表示します。0.5 mm 以下の校正の残差を受け入れます。</li>
	<li>件名を持つ、ノースリーブを着てトップ、シットイン、chair´s バック、内転ニュートラルで上腕を背で高さ調節可能な椅子にテーブルと手首の安静時の手のひらの上がテーブルの端に整列します。膝、股関節、肘の角度が約 90 ° であることを確認します。</li>
	<li>一方でテストされた骨格ランドマーク18ダブル粘着テープで再帰反射マーカを配置 (第 3 中手指節関節)、手首 (尺骨茎状突起)、肘 (外側上顆)、右と左の肩 (中央部肩峰) の胸郭 (胸骨の上の部分)、および額 (ノッチの眉毛の間)。</li>
	<li>カップ (上部と下部のエッジ) の 2 つのマーカーを配置します。</li>
</ol>2. 運動の手順を飲むタスクのキャプチャします。
<ol><li>体の正中線に硬質プラスチック カップ (直径 7 cm、高さ 9.5 cm) 100 ml 水テーブルの端から 30 cm を配置します。テーブルの上のカップの位置が自然と現実の状況に近いタスク パフォーマンスを保つために意図的に選択されます。</li>
	<li>I) に達することによって快適自己ペース速度で飲酒を実行する対象のタスクし、カップを把握、ii) の口に向かってテーブルからカップを持ち上げ、iii) 飲み物 (一口) を取って、iv)、カップを置く (タブから 30 cm の印を付けた行の後ろのテーブルのバックアップを求めるルの端)、および v) テーブルの端に手で初期位置に戻る。</li>
	<li>その主題の指示を理解し、前傾することがなく快適に少ない影響を受ける腕カップを達することができることを確認します。</li>
	<li>各事前準備ができているし、手動でキャプチャを開始「あなたが今すぐに開始できます」教示を与える対象を求める開始位置 (最初位置) が正しいことを確認、記録。</li>
	<li>件名は、タスクを終了する、録音を停止手動で。</li>
	<li>各試行間の短い一時停止で 5 つの試験の記録 (約 30 秒) より少なく影響を受けた腕を開始。</li>
	<li>データの取得が成功したことを確認してください (各識別マーカーの 95-100% データ)。 注: マーカーのデータは自動的に転送データ集録ソフトウェア (トラック マネージャー) にリアルタイム。事前に定義された自動マーカー同定 (AIM) モデルは、マーカーの自動識別に使用されます。</li>
	<li>不完全なデータが検出された場合は、問題を特定して、試験の実績を少なくとも 3 を得るためにマーカーの完全な可視性を確保するため坐るか、またはマーカーの位置を調整後余分な試験を実行します。 注: 発生する可能性のある問題、マーカーが落ちる可能性が、彼らはカメラの視野角は、不完全なデータの結果から隠れています。ただし、カメラとマーカーの設定、このプロトコルにおいては、非常にまれなケースでのみギャップによるデータの損失を生成します。合計では、モーション キャプチャ セッションは完了に約 10-15 分かかります。</li>
</ol>3. データ分析
<ol><li>ファイルをクリックして、Matlab に直接トラック マネージャーから、記録されたデータの転送 |エクスポート |Matlab に直接。</li>
	<li>Matlab のコマンドを使用して、コマンド プロンプトで: (>> ワークスペース) に Matlab 変数のセットを参照してください。 メモ: 手順と分析の作成に使用するデータを含むキー Matlab 変数です。 QTMmeasurements.Frames - キャプチャされたフレーム数 QTMmeasurements.FrameRate - 毎秒 (240) キャプチャされたフレーム数 QTMmeasurements.Trajectories.Labeled.Count - 数のラベル (10) QTMmeasurements.Trajectories.Labeled.Labels - トラック マネージャーで定義されたラベル QTMmeasurements.Trajectories.Labeled.Data - 10 x 3 x フレーム、フレームごとの各ラベルの 3 つの座標が記録数の 3 D 配列の測定データ</li>
	<li>Matlab で x、y、(バター) を使用して z 値をフィルター処理し、(filtfilt) 手順 6 Hz 2 次バタワースと前方の両方でフィルター処理し零位相歪みと記載順序がフィルタ リングを与える方向を逆に。 注: 例 [b を] = バター (2, 6/240/2);% カットオフ周波数 6 Hz と ½ のサンプリング周波数に関して xfiltered = filtfilt (b, QTMmeasurements.Trajectories.Labeled(1,1,:));</li>
	<li>Matlab で x、y、z 値を各フレームのサンプルの各ラベルを使用して、手と関節角度の接線速度などの運動学的変数を計算するプログラムを作成します。運動学的変数は、表 2のとおりです。</li>
	<li>Matlab でのサンプル シーケンスを 5 つの論理フェーズに分割するプログラムを作成: トランスポート、飲酒、バックのトランスポート、および初期位置 (図 2) に手を返すに達し、転送。表 1に詳細では、各フェーズの開始と終了の定義を示した。</li>
	<li>Matlab での位置、速度、関節角度および角度角度図のプロットを作成するのに (プロット) 命令を使用します。</li>
</ol>

<ol><li>Alt Murphy, M., Häger, C. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/1743288X15Y.0000000002">Kinematic analysis of the upper extremity after stroke - how far have we reached and what have we grasped?</a> Physical Therapy Reviews. 20 (3), 137-155 (2015).</li>
<li>Bustren, E. L., Sunnerhagen, K. S., Alt Murphy, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Movement+Kinematics+of+the+Ipsilesional+Upper+Extremity+in+Persons+With+Moderate+or+Mild+Stroke%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurorehab+Neural+Re%22%5BJournal%5D)">Movement Kinematics of the Ipsilesional Upper Extremity in Persons With Moderate or Mild Stroke.</a> Neurorehab Neural Re. 31 (4), 376-386 (2017).</li>
<li>Sivan, M., O'Connor, R. J., Makower, S., Levesley, M., Bhakta, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Systematic+review+of+outcome+measures+used+in+the+evaluation+of+robot-assisted+upper+limb+exercise+in+stroke%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Rehabil+Med%22%5BJournal%5D)">Systematic review of outcome measures used in the evaluation of robot-assisted upper limb exercise in stroke.</a> J Rehabil Med. 43 (3), 181-189 (2011).</li>
<li>Demers, M., Levin, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Do+Activity+Level+Outcome+Measures+Commonly+Used+in+Neurological+Practice+Assess+Upper-Limb+Movement+Quality%3F%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurorehab+Neural+Re%22%5BJournal%5D)">Do Activity Level Outcome Measures Commonly Used in Neurological Practice Assess Upper-Limb Movement Quality?</a> Neurorehab Neural Re. 31 (7), 623-637 (2017).</li>
<li>Levin, M. F., Kleim, J. A., Wolf, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((What+do+motor+%22recovery%22+and+%22compensation%22+mean+in+patients+following+stroke%3F%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurorehab+Neural+Re%22%5BJournal%5D)">What do motor "recovery" and "compensation" mean in patients following stroke?</a> Neurorehab Neural Re. 23 (4), 313-319 (2009).</li>
<li>Alt Murphy, M., Willen, C., Sunnerhagen, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Responsiveness+of+Upper+Extremity+Kinematic+Measures+and+Clinical+Improvement+During+the+First+Three+Months+After+Stroke%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurorehab+Neural+Re%22%5BJournal%5D)">Responsiveness of Upper Extremity Kinematic Measures and Clinical Improvement During the First Three Months After Stroke.</a> Neurorehab Neural Re. 27 (9), 844-853 (2013).</li>
<li>van Dokkum, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((The+contribution+of+kinematics+in+the+assessment+of+upper+limb+motor+recovery+early+after+stroke%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurorehab+Neural+Re%22%5BJournal%5D)">The contribution of kinematics in the assessment of upper limb motor recovery early after stroke.</a> Neurorehab Neural Re. 28 (1), 4-12 (2014).</li>
<li>Alt Murphy, M., Willen, C., Sunnerhagen, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Kinematic+variables+quantifying+upper-extremity+performance+after+stroke+during+reaching+and+drinking+from+a+glass%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurorehab+Neural+Re%22%5BJournal%5D)">Kinematic variables quantifying upper-extremity performance after stroke during reaching and drinking from a glass.</a> Neurorehab Neural Re. 25 (1), 71-80 (2011).</li>
<li>Subramanian, S. K., Yamanaka, J., Chilingaryan, G., Levin, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Validity+of+movement+pattern+kinematics+as+measures+of+arm+motor+impairment+poststroke%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Stroke%22%5BJournal%5D)">Validity of movement pattern kinematics as measures of arm motor impairment poststroke.</a> Stroke. 41 (10), 2303-2308 (2010).</li>
<li>Michaelsen, S. M., Dannenbaum, R., Levin, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Task-specific+training+with+trunk+restraint+on+arm+recovery+in+stroke%3A+randomized+control+trial%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Stroke%22%5BJournal%5D)">Task-specific training with trunk restraint on arm recovery in stroke: randomized control trial.</a> Stroke. 37 (1), 186-192 (2006).</li>
<li>Kwakkel, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Standardized+measurement+of+sensorimotor+recovery+in+stroke+trials%3A+Consensus-based+core+recommendations+from+the+Stroke+Recovery+and+Rehabilitation+Roundtable%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Int+J+Stroke%22%5BJournal%5D)">Standardized measurement of sensorimotor recovery in stroke trials: Consensus-based core recommendations from the Stroke Recovery and Rehabilitation Roundtable.</a> Int J Stroke. 12 (5), 451-461 (2017).</li>
<li>Wagner, J. M., Lang, C. E., Sahrmann, S. A., Edwards, D. F., Dromerick, A. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Sensorimotor+impairments+and+reaching+performance+in+subjects+with+poststroke+hemiparesis+during+the+first+few+months+of+recovery%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Phys+Ther%22%5BJournal%5D)">Sensorimotor impairments and reaching performance in subjects with poststroke hemiparesis during the first few months of recovery.</a> Phys Ther. 87 (6), 751-765 (2007).</li>
<li>van Kordelaar, J., van Wegen, E., Kwakkel, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Impact+of+time+on+quality+of+motor+control+of+the+paretic+upper+limb+after+stroke%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Arch+Phys+Med+Rehab%22%5BJournal%5D)">Impact of time on quality of motor control of the paretic upper limb after stroke.</a> Arch Phys Med Rehab. 95 (2), 338-344 (2014).</li>
<li>Thielman, G., Kaminski, T., Gentile, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Rehabilitation+of+reaching+after+stroke%3A+comparing+2+training+protocols+utilizing+trunk+restraint%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurorehab+Neural+Re%22%5BJournal%5D)">Rehabilitation of reaching after stroke: comparing 2 training protocols utilizing trunk restraint.</a> Neurorehab Neural Re. 22 (6), 697-705 (2008).</li>
<li>Armbruster, C., Spijkers, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Movement+planning+in+prehension%3A+do+intended+actions+influence+the+initial+reach+and+grasp+movement%3F%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Motor+Control%22%5BJournal%5D)">Movement planning in prehension: do intended actions influence the initial reach and grasp movement?</a> Motor Control. 10 (4), 311-329 (2006).</li>
<li>Qualisys. <a target="_blank" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&safe=off&q=%22Qualisys+Track+Manager+user+manual%22">Qualisys Track Manager user manual</a>. , Qualisys Medical AB. Gothenburg. (2008).</li>
<li>Alt Murphy, M., Banina, M. C., Levin, M. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Perceptuo-motor+planning+during+functional+reaching+after+stroke%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Exp+Brain+Res%22%5BJournal%5D)">Perceptuo-motor planning during functional reaching after stroke.</a> Exp Brain Res. , (2017).</li>
<li>Sint Jan, S. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&safe=off&q=author%3aSint+Jan%2C+SV+%22Color+atlas+of+skeletal+landmark+definitions+%3A+guidelines+for+reproducible+manual+and+virtual+palpations%22">Color atlas of skeletal landmark definitions : guidelines for reproducible manual and virtual palpations</a>. , Churchill Livingstone. (2007).</li>
<li>Alt Murphy, M., Sunnerhagen, K. S., Johnels, B., Willen, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Three-dimensional+kinematic+motion+analysis+of+a+daily+activity+drinking+from+a+glass%3A+a+pilot+study%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22J+Neuroeng+Rehabil%22%5BJournal%5D)">Three-dimensional kinematic motion analysis of a daily activity drinking from a glass: a pilot study.</a> J Neuroeng Rehabil. 3, 18(2006).</li>
<li>Alt Murphy, M., Willen, C., Sunnerhagen, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((Movement+kinematics+during+a+drinking+task+are+associated+with+the+activity+capacity+level+after+stroke%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Neurorehab+Neural+Re%22%5BJournal%5D)">Movement kinematics during a drinking task are associated with the activity capacity level after stroke.</a> Neurorehab Neural Re. 26 (9), 1106-1115 (2012).</li>
<li>Alt Murphy, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&safe=off&q=%22Development+and+validation+of+upper+extremity+kinematic+movement+analysis+for+people+with+stroke.+Reaching+and+drinking+from+a+glass%22">Development and validation of upper extremity kinematic movement analysis for people with stroke. Reaching and drinking from a glass</a>. , University of Gothenburg. Doctor of Philosophy (Medicine) thesis (2013).</li>
<li>Persson, H. C., Alt Murphy, M., Danielsson, A., Lundgren-Nilsson, A., Sunnerhagen, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+cohort+study+investigating+a+simple%2C+early+assessment+to+predict+upper+extremity+function+after+stroke+-+a+part+of+the+SALGOT+study%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22BMC+Neurol%22%5BJournal%5D)">A cohort study investigating a simple, early assessment to predict upper extremity function after stroke - a part of the SALGOT study.</a> BMC Neurol. 15, 92(2015).</li>
<li>Hoonhorst, M. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((How+Do+Fugl-Meyer+Arm+Motor+Scores+Relate+to+Dexterity+According+to+the+Action+Research+Arm+Test+at+6+Months+Poststroke%3F%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Arch+Phys+Med+Rehab%22%5BJournal%5D)">How Do Fugl-Meyer Arm Motor Scores Relate to Dexterity According to the Action Research Arm Test at 6 Months Poststroke?</a> Arch Phys Med Rehab. 96 (10), 1845-1849 (2015).</li>
<li>Pang, M. Y., Harris, J. E., Eng, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((A+community-based+upper-extremity+group+exercise+program+improves+motor+function+and+performance+of+functional+activities+in+chronic+stroke%3A+a+randomized+controlled+trial%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22Arch+Phys+Med+Rehab%22%5BJournal%5D)">A community-based upper-extremity group exercise program improves motor function and performance of functional activities in chronic stroke: a randomized controlled trial.</a> Arch Phys Med Rehab. 87 (1), 1-9 (2006).</li>
<li>Alt Murphy, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=((SALGOT+-+Stroke+Arm+Longitudinal+study+at+the+University+of+Gothenburg%2C+prospective+cohort+study+protocol%5BTitle%5D)+AND+%22BMC+Neurol%22%5BJournal%5D)">SALGOT - Stroke Arm Longitudinal study at the University of Gothenburg, prospective cohort study protocol.</a> BMC Neurol. 11, 56(2011).</li>
</ol>

著者が明らかに何もありません。

プロトコルは、すべての段階で脳卒中後運動性能と中等度から軽度の上肢の感覚障害を持つ個人の品質を定量化するため正常に使用できます。このプロトコルの実現可能性を早ければ 3 日後にストローク、臨床設定で証明されており、訓練を受けた医療専門家では特定の技術的な資格なしでシステムを利用できるということを示した。技術的な専門知識は、ただし、作成およびデータ分析の?...

運動学的分析では、線形および角度変位、速度、加速度を含む時間と空間を介して体の動きについて説明します。光のモーション キャプチャ システム赤外線マーカから反射をキャプチャする光信号を送信するか、体に複数の高速カメラを使用または赤外線を含むアクティブ マーカーから動きデータを送信発光ダイオード。これらのシステムは、運動学的データ1の獲得のため「ゴールド スタンダード」として考慮されます。これらのシステムは、その高精度と多様なタスクの測定の柔軟性の評価されています。運動学的措置を運動パフォーマンスに小さな変更をキャプチャするのに有効であること示しているし、臨床従来検出されることがあります品質スケール2,3。作業4の業積の間 (病前の運動特性の回復) の真の回復と代償 (代替) 運動パターンの使用間の区別に使用するその運動が示唆されています。 5。
上肢の動きがハンド マーカーから一般に得られるエンドポイント運動と関節やセグメントからアンギュラー キネマティックを使用して示すことができる (すなわち。、トランク)。終点運動がアンギュラー キネマティック時空のジョイントとセグメントの角度の面での動きのパターンを特徴付ける間、軌跡、速度、時間的な動き戦略、精度、真直度、滑らかさ、に関する情報を提供します。角速度と interjoint の調整。終点の運動、運動の時間、速度、および滑らかさが効果的かどうかストローク6,7、8アンギュラー キネマティック ショー後に運動パフォーマンスの改善と財政赤字をキャプチャするよう、関節や体のセグメントの動きは、特定のタスクに最適です。運動障害を持つ人々 から多くの場合、障害8,9のない個人で運動パフォーマンスと比較されます。エンドポイントとアンギュラー キネマティック実効速度、滑らかさと、移動が行われ、精度良い運動制御、調整および効果的かつ最適な運動パターンの使用が必要になる方法に相関しています。たとえば、移動ゆっくりと通常滑らかさ (運動単位の増加数)、低下も脳卒中患者は最大速度を下げるし、トランク変位8に増加します。一方、エンドポイント運動学、運動速度、滑らかさなどの改善は、トランクの代償性の運動戦略の変更から個別に発生して腕の10可能性があります。キネマティック解析がけがや病気は、ターンで最適な運動機能回復に到達するための個別の効果的な治療に不可欠です後タスクがどのように達成されるかについての追加より正確な情報を提供する可能性がありますが確立します。11. 運動解析はますます運動回復7,を評価するストローク8,9, 後上肢障害のある方の動きを記述するための臨床試験に使用12,13または治療上の介在の10、14の効果を判断します。
運動タスクのストロークでよく勉強したポイントしに達すると、実際の日常のオブジェクトの操作を組み込む機能のタスクの使用は1増加しています。それは、意図的かつ機能的なタスク中の動きを評価するために不可欠な到達運動は、選択したオブジェクトとタスク15の目標など実験的制約に依存しているので個々 の本当の難しさ毎日の生活をより密接に反映されます。
したがって、本稿の目的は、急性および慢性の段階で上肢に障害のある個人に適用されるタスクを飲んで、意図的かつ機能的なタスクの運動解析に使用される単純な標準化されたプロトコルの詳細な説明を提供するためには脳卒中では。中等度から軽度の脳卒中障害を持つ個人のためのこのプロトコルの検証の結果が集約されます。

<table><tbody><tr><td>5 camera optoelectronic ProReflex Motion capture system (MCU 240 Hz)</td><td>Qualisys AB, Gthenburg, Sweden</td><td>N/A</td><td>Movement analysis system with passive retroreflective markers</td></tr><tr><td>Markers</td><td>Qualisys AB, Gthenburg, Sweden</td><td>N/A</td><td>Retroleflective passive circular markers, diameter of 12 mm</td></tr><tr><td>Calibration frame and wand</td><td>Qualisys AB, Gthenburg, Sweden</td><td>N/A</td><td>L-shape calibration frame (defines the origin and orientation of the coordinate system); T-shape wand (300 mm)</td></tr><tr><td>Qualisys Track Manager</td><td>Qualisys AB, Gthenburg, Sweden</td><td>N/A</td><td>3D Tracking software</td></tr><tr><td>Matlab</td><td>Mathworks, Inc, Natick, Ca</td><td>N/A</td><td>Data analysis software</td></tr></tbody></table>

kinematic analysis using 3d motion capture of drinking task in people with and without upper-extremity impairments

キネマティック解析は、3 次元 (3 D) 空間における上肢運動の客観的評価のための強力な方法です。光カメラ システムによる 3次元モーション キャプチャは、けがや病気後の運動性能と品質を評価する指標としてますます使用される運動解析のための黄金の標準としてと上肢の動きを含みます。この資料では、脳卒中後上肢に障害のある個人に適用されるタスクを飲んでの運動解析のための標準化されたプロトコルについて説明します。飲酒のタスクは到達把持、飲む、戻って、カップを置くと、手をテーブルの端に移動するテーブルからカップを持ち上げるを組み込んだ。個人の体の大きさに統一すると座位で自分のペースで快適な速度で実行するタスクと代償運動が制約されません。意図は、自然とプロトコルの生態学的妥当性を改善するために現実の状況に近いタスクを維持することです。5 カメラ モーション キャプチャ システムを使用して、腕、体幹、顔の解剖学的ランドマークに配置されている 9 再帰反射マーカーから三次元の座標位置を収集します。単純な単一のマーカー配置、臨床プロトコルの有効性を確保するため使用されます。カスタムメイドの Matlab ソフトウェアは、データ移動の自動化と高速解析を提供します。運動時間、速度、ピーク速度、ピーク速度、および体幹の動きと同様、肩と肘関節の角度運動学空間とともに滑らかさ (運動単位の数) の時間の時間の運動が計算されます。飲酒のタスクは、中等度から軽度の上肢障害を持つ個人のための有効な評価です。構築、差別と同時妥当性応答性 (感度を変更する) と共に飲む作業から得られた運動学的変数の確立されています。

この資料で説明されているプロトコルは、ストロークと健全なコントロール2,6,8,19,20,21を持つ個人に適用されています。合計では、さまざまな研究でストローク 55 健常者と 111 人の個人からの運動学的データを調べた。?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments at JoVE.com

Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments

このプロトコルでは、運動性能とストロークと健全なコントロールを個人に適用される上肢の感覚運動機能を評価する客観的方法について説明します。標準化されたテストの手順では、タスクを飲んでの 3次元モーション キャプチャのための運動学的解析と結果変数が提供されます。

上肢障害の有無にかかわらず人に飲酒のタスクの 3 D モーションを用いた運動解析をキャプチャします。

Kinematic analysis is a powerful method for objective assessment of upper extremity movements in a three-dimensional (3D) space. Three-dimensional motion ...

kinematic-analysis-using-3d-motion-capture-drinking-task-people-with

Research

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Unit 1

3-Dimensional Kinetics of a Rigid Body

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10.6K ビュー.  University of Gothenburg. このプロトコルでは、運動性能とストロークと健全なコントロールを個人に適用される上肢の感覚運動機能を評価する客観的方法について説明します。標準化されたテストの手順では、タスクを飲んでの 3次元モーション キャプチャのための運動学的解析と結果変数が提供されます。

ビデオ: Kinematic Analysis Using 3D Motion Capture of Drinking Task in People With and Without Upper-extremity Impairments

Corticospinal Excitability Modulation During Action Observation

This study used the transcranial magnetic stimulation/motor evoked potential (TMS/MEP) technique to pinpoint when the automatic tendency to mirror someone else's action becomes anticipatory simulation of a complementary act. TMS was delivered to the left primary motor cortex corresponding to the hand to induce the highest level of MEP activity from the abductor digiti minimi (ADM; the muscle serving little finger abduction) as well as the first dorsal interosseus (FDI; the muscle serving index finger flexion/extension) muscles. A neuronavigation system was used to maintain the position of the TMS coil, and electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from the right ADM and FDI muscles. Producing original data with regard to motor resonance, the combined TMS/MEP technique has taken research on the perception-action coupling mechanism a step further. Specifically, it has answered the questions of how and when observing another person's actions produces motor facilitation in an onlooker's corresponding muscles and in what way corticospinal excitability is modulated in social contexts.

Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation over the primary motor cortex, neuronavigation, and registration of electromyographic activity of hand muscles were used in this study to explore corticospinal excitability while participants were observing action sequences.

行動観察中のコルチコ脊髄興奮性変調

This study used the transcranial magnetic stimulation/motor evoked potential (TMS/MEP) technique to pinpoint when the automatic tendency to mirror someone ...

行動学

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Prehension, the act of reaching to grasp an object, is central to the human experience. We use it to feed ourselves, groom ourselves, and manipulate objects and tools in our environment. Such behaviors are impaired by many sensorimotor disorders, yet our current understanding of their neural control is far from complete. Current technologies for investigating human reach-to-grasp movements often utilize motion tracking systems that can be expensive, require the attachment of markers or sensors to the hands, impede natural movement and sensory feedback, and provide kinematic output that can be difficult to interpret. While generally effective for studying the stereotypical reach-to-grasp movements of healthy sighted adults, many of these technologies face additional limitations when attempting to study the unpredictable and idiosyncratic reach-to-grasp movements of young infants, unsighted adults, and patients with neurological disorders. Thus, we present a novel, inexpensive, and highly reliable yet flexible protocol for quantifying the temporal and kinematic structure of idiosyncratic reach-to-grasp movements in humans. High speed video cameras capture multiple views of the reach-to-grasp movement. Frame-by-frame video analysis is then used to document the timing and magnitude of pre-defined behavioral events such as movement start, collection, maximum height, peak aperture, first contact, and final grasp. The temporal structure of the movement is reconstructed by documenting the relative frame number of each event while the kinematic structure of the hand is quantified using the ruler or measure function in photo editing software to calibrate 2 dimensional linear distances between two body parts or between a body part and the target. Frame-by-frame video analysis can provide a quantitative and comprehensive description of idiosyncratic reach-to-grasp movements and will enable researchers to expand their area of investigation to include a greater range of naturalistic prehensile behaviors, guided by a wider variety of sensory modalities, in both healthy and clinical populations.

This protocol describes how to use frame-by-frame video analysis to quantify idiosyncratic reach-to-grasp movements in humans. A comparative analysis of reaching in sighted versus unsighted healthy adults is used to demonstrate the technique, but the method can also be applied to the study of developmental and clinical populations.

特異な到達把持運動のフレームでビデオ分析

Prehension, the act of reaching to grasp an object, is central to the human experience. We use it to feed ourselves, groom ourselves, and manipulate ...

An Objective and Child-friendly Assessment of Arm Function by Using a 3-D Sensor

Progressive and irreversible muscle atrophy characterizes Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and other similar muscle disorder diseases. Objective assessment of muscle functions is an essential and important, although challenging, prerequisite for successful clinical trials. Current clinical rating scales restrain the movement abnormalities to certain predefined coarse-grained individual items. The Kinect 3-D sensor has emerged as a low-cost and portable motion sensing technology used to capture and track people&#39;s movement in many medical and research fields. A novel approach using this 3-D sensor was developed and a game-like test was designed to objectively measure the upper limb function of patients with SMA. The prototype test targeted joint movement capability. While sitting in a virtual scene, the patient was instructed to extend, flex, and lift the whole arm in order to reach and place some objects. Both kinematic and spatiotemporal characteristics of upper limb movement were extracted and analyzed, e.g., elbow extension and flexion angles, hand velocity, and acceleration. The first study included a small cohort of 18 ambulant SMA patients and 19 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. A comprehensive analysis of arm movement was achieved; however, no significant difference between the groups were found due to the mismatch of patient&#39;s capability and the test difficulty. Based on this experience, a second version of the test consisting of a modified version of the first game with increased difficulties and a second game targeting muscle endurance were designed and implemented. The new test has not been conducted in any patient groups yet. Our work has demonstrated the potential capability of the 3-D sensor in assessing such muscle function and suggested an objective approach to complement the clinical rating scales.

An objective measure of muscle functions is challenging especially in children. Based on a commercially available digital 3-D sensor, a child-friendly gaming test was developed to assess upper limb function for clinical trials.

客観的かつ子供向け 3次元センサーを用いた上肢機能の評価

Progressive and irreversible muscle atrophy characterizes Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and other similar muscle disorder diseases. Objective assessment ...

Measuring the Kinematics of Daily Living Movements with Motion Capture Systems in Virtual Reality

The inability to complete instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is a precursor to various neuropsychological diseases. Questionnaire-based assessments of IADL are easy to use but prone to subjective bias. Here, we describe a novel virtual reality (VR) test to assess two complex IADL tasks: handling financial transactions and using public transportation. While a participant performs the tasks in a VR setting, a motion capture system traces the position and orientation of the dominant hand and head in a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. Kinematic raw data are collected and converted into &#39;kinematic performance measures,&#39; i.e., motion trajectory, moving distance, and time to completion. Motion trajectory is the path of a particular body part (e.g., dominant hand or head) in space. Moving distance refers to the total distance of the trajectory, and time to completion is how long it took to complete an IADL task. These kinematic measures could discriminate patients with cognitive impairment from healthy controls. The development of this kinematic measuring protocol allows detection of early IADL-related cognitive impairments.

We designed a virtual reality test to assess instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) with a motion capture system. We propose a detailed kinematic analysis to interpret the participant&#39;s various movements, including trajectory, moving distance, and time to completion to evaluate IADL capabilities.

バーチャル ・ リアリティーのモーション キャプチャ システムで日常の生活動作の運動を測定

The inability to complete instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) is a precursor to various neuropsychological diseases. Questionnaire-based ...

3D Kinematic Gait Analysis for Preclinical Studies in Rodents

The utility of three-dimensional (3D) kinematic motion analysis systems is limited in rodents. Part of the reason for this inadequacy is the use of complex algorithms and mathematical modeling that accompany 3D data collection and analysis procedures. This work provides a simple, user-friendly, step-by-step detailed methodology for 3D kinematic gait analysis during treadmill locomotion in healthy and neurotraumatic rats using a six-camera motion capture system. Also provided are details on 1) calibration of the system in an experimental set-up customized for quadrupedal locomotion, 2) data collection for treadmill locomotion in adult rats using markers positioned on all four limbs, 3) options available for video tracking and processing, and 4) basic 3D kinematic data generation and visualization and quantification of data using the built-in data collection software. Finally, it is suggested that the utility of this motion capture system be expanded to studying a variety of motor behaviors before and after neurotrauma.

Presented here is a protocol to collect and analyze three-dimensional kinematics of quadrupedal locomotion in rodents for preclinical studies.

げっ歯類の前臨床研究のための3Dキネマティック歩行分析

The utility of three-dimensional (3D) kinematic motion analysis systems is limited in rodents. Part of the reason for this inadequacy is the use of ...

Capturing Representative Hand Use at Home Using Egocentric Video in Individuals with Upper Limb Impairment

Impaired hand function after neurological injuries can have a major impact on independence and quality of life. Most existing upper limb assessments are carried out in person, which is not always indicative of hand use in the community. Novel approaches to capture hand function in daily life are required to measure the true impact of rehabilitation interventions. Egocentric video combined with computer vision for automated analysis has been proposed to evaluate hand use at home. However, there are limitations to the duration of continuous recordings. We present a protocol designed to ensure that the videos obtained are representative of daily routines while respecting participant privacy. 
A representative recording schedule is selected through a collaborative process between the researchers and participants, to ensure that the videos capture natural tasks and performance, while being useful for hand assessment. Use of the equipment and procedures is demonstrated to the participants. A total of 3 h of video recordings are scheduled over two weeks. To reduce privacy concerns, participants have full control to start and stop recordings, and the opportunity to edit the videos before returning them to the research team. Reminders are provided, as well as help calls and home visits if necessary. 
The protocol was tested with 9 stroke survivors and 14 individuals with cervical spinal cord injury. The videos obtained contained a variety of activities, such as meal preparation, dishwashing, and knitting. An average of 3.11 &plusmn; 0.98 h of video were obtained. The recording periods varied from 12-69 d, due to illness or unexpected events in some cases. Data was successfully obtained from twenty-two out of 23 participants, with 6 participants requiring assistance from the investigators during the home recording period. The protocol was effective for collecting videos that contained valuable information about hand function at home after neurological injuries.

A protocol is proposed to capture natural hand function of individuals with hand impairments during their daily routines using an egocentric camera. The goal of the protocol is to ensure that the recordings are representative of an individual&#39;s typical hand use during activities of daily living at home.

上肢障害を持つ個人の自己中心的なビデオを使用して自宅で代表的な手の使用をキャプチャ

Impaired hand function after neurological injuries can have a major impact on independence and quality of life. Most existing upper limb assessments are ...

生物工学

3D Kinematic Analysis for the Functional Evaluation in the Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury

Compared to the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), kinematic analysis is a more reliable and sensitive method for performing functional evaluations of sciatic nerve injury rodent models. In this protocol, we describe a novel kinematic analysis method that uses a three-dimensional (3D) motion capture apparatus for functional evaluations using a rat sciatic nerve crush injury model. First, the rat is familiarized with treadmill walking. Markers are then attached to the designated bone landmarks and the rat is made to walk on the treadmill at the desired speed. Meanwhile, the posterior limb movements of the rat are recorded using four cameras. Depending on the software used, marker tracings are created using both automatic and manual modes and the desired data are produced after subtle adjustments. This method of kinematic analysis, which uses a 3D motion capture apparatus, offers numerous advantages, including superior precision and accuracy. Many more parameters can be investigated during the comprehensive functional evaluations. This method has several shortcomings that require consideration: The system is expensive, can be complicated to operate, and may produce data deviations due to skin shifting. Nevertheless, kinematic analysis using a 3D motion capture apparatus is useful for performing functional anterior and posterior limb evaluations. In the future, this method may become increasingly useful for generating accurate assessments of various traumas and diseases.

We introduce a kinematic analysis method that uses a three-dimensional motion capture apparatus containing four cameras and data processing software for performing functional evaluations during fundamental research involving rodent models.

坐骨神経クラッシュ損傷のラットモデルにおける機能的評価のための3D運動学的解析

Compared to the Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), kinematic analysis is a more reliable and sensitive method for performing functional evaluations of ...

神経科学

The Impact of Motor Task Conditions on Goal-Directed Arm Reaching Kinematics and Trunk Compensation in Chronic Stroke Survivors

Trunk compensation is the most common movement strategy to substitute for upper extremity (UE) motor deficits in chronic stroke survivors. There is a lack of evidence examining how task conditions impact trunk compensation and goal-directed arm reaching kinematics. This protocol aims to investigate the impact of task conditions, including task difficulty and complexity, on goal-directed arm reaching kinematics. Two non-disabled young adults and two chronic stroke survivors with mild UE motor impairment were recruited for testing the protocol. Each participant performed goal-directed arm reaches with four different task conditions (2 task difficulties [large vs. small targets] X 2 task complexities [pointing vs. picking up]). The task goal was to reach and point at a target or pick up an object located 20 cm in front of the home position as quickly as possible with a stylus or a pair of chopsticks, respectively, in response to an auditory cue. Participants performed ten reaches per task condition. A 3-dimensional motion capture camera system was used to record trunk and arm kinematics. Representative results showed that there was a significant increase in movement duration, movement jerkiness, and trunk compensation as a function of task complexity, but not task difficulty in all participants. Chronic stroke survivors showed significantly slower, jerkier, and more feedback-dependent arm reaches and significantly more compensatory trunk movements than non-disabled adults. Our representative results support that this protocol can be used to investigate the impact of task conditions on motor control strategies in chronic stroke survivors with mild UE motor impairment.

This protocol is intended to investigate the impact of task conditions on movement strategies in chronic stroke survivors. Further, this protocol can be used to examine if a restriction in elbow extension induced by neuromuscular electrical stimulation causes trunk compensation during goal-directed arm reaches in non-disabled adults.

慢性脳卒中生存者における運動学とトランク補償に到達する目標指向腕に及ぼす運動タスク条件の影響

Trunk compensation is the most common movement strategy to substitute for upper extremity (UE) motor deficits in chronic stroke survivors. There is a lack ...

Motor Dual-Tasks for Gait Analysis and Evaluation in Post-Stroke Patients

Eighteen stroke patients were recruited for this study involving the evaluation of cognition and walking ability and multitask gait analysis. Multitask gait analysis consisted of a single walking task (Task 0), a simple motor dual-task (water-holding, Task 1), and a complex motor dual-task (crossing obstacles, Task 2). The task of crossing obstacles was considered to be equivalent to the combination of a simple walking task and a complex motor task as it involved more nervous system, skeletal movement, and cognitive resources. To eliminate heterogeneity in the results of the gait analysis of the stroke patients, the dual-task gait cost values were calculated for various kinematic parameters. The major differences were observed in the proximal joint angles, especially in the angles of the trunk, pelvis, and hip joints, which were significantly larger in the dual motor tasks than in the single walking task. This research protocol aims to provide a basis for the clinical diagnosis of gait function and an in-depth study of motor control in stroke patients with motor control deficits through the analyses of dual-motor walking tasks.

This paper presents a protocol specifically for dual motor task gait analysis in stroke patients with motor control deficits.

脳卒中後の患者の歩行分析と評価のための運動デュアルタスク

Eighteen stroke patients were recruited for this study involving the evaluation of cognition and walking ability and multitask gait analysis. Multitask ...

Comprehensive Understanding of Inactivity-Induced Gait Alteration in Rodents

It is well known that disuse affects neural systems and that joint motions become altered; however, which outcomes properly exhibit these characteristics is still unclear. The present study describes a motion analysis approach that utilizes three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from video captures. Using this technology, disuse-evoked alterations of walking performances were observed in rodents exposed to a simulated microgravity environment by unloading their hindlimb by their tail. After 2 weeks of unloading, the rats walked on a treadmill, and their gait motions were captured with four charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras. 3D motion profiles were reconstructed and compared to those of control subjects using the image processing software. The reconstructed outcome measures successfully portrayed distinct aspects of distorted gait motion: hyperextension of the knee and ankle joints and higher position of the hip joints during the stance phase. Motion analysis is useful for several reasons. First, it enables quantitative behavioral evaluations instead of subjective observations (e.g., pass/fail in certain tasks). Second, multiple parameters can be extracted to fit specific needs once the fundamental datasets are obtained. Despite hurdles for broader application, the disadvantages of this method, including labor intensity and cost, may be alleviated by determining comprehensive measurements and experimental procedures.

The present protocol describes three-dimensional motion tracking/evaluation to depict gait motion alteration of rats after exposure to a simulated disuse environment.

げっ歯類における不活動誘発歩行変化の包括的理解

It is well known that disuse affects neural systems and that joint motions become altered; however, which outcomes properly exhibit these characteristics ...

上肢障害の有無にかかわらず人に飲酒のタスクの 3 D モーションを用いた運動解析をキャプチャします。

要約

さらに動画を探す

行動観察中のコルチコ脊髄興奮性変調

特異な到達把持運動のフレームでビデオ分析

客観的かつ子供向け 3次元センサーを用いた上肢機能の評価

バーチャル・リアリティーのモーションキャプチャシステムで日常の生活動作の運動を測定

げっ歯類の前臨床研究のための3Dキネマティック歩行分析

上肢障害を持つ個人の自己中心的なビデオを使用して自宅で代表的な手の使用をキャプチャ

坐骨神経クラッシュ損傷のラットモデルにおける機能的評価のための3D運動学的解析

慢性脳卒中生存者における運動学とトランク補償に到達する目標指向腕に及ぼす運動タスク条件の影響

脳卒中後の患者の歩行分析と評価のための運動デュアルタスク

げっ歯類における不活動誘発歩行変化の包括的理解

上肢障害の有無にかかわらず人に飲酒のタスクの 3 D モーションを用いた運動解析をキャプチャします。

要約

さらに動画を探す

行動観察中のコルチコ脊髄興奮性変調

特異な到達把持運動のフレームでビデオ分析

客観的かつ子供向け 3次元センサーを用いた上肢機能の評価

バーチャル ・ リアリティーのモーション キャプチャ システムで日常の生活動作の運動を測定

げっ歯類の前臨床研究のための3Dキネマティック歩行分析

上肢障害を持つ個人の自己中心的なビデオを使用して自宅で代表的な手の使用をキャプチャ

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