この仕事にしたスイスの心血管系財団の助成金 (N ° 32119) 支えられ

プロトコル人間研究倫理委員会の私たちの機関のガイドラインに従います。
1. 患者の選択 (表 1)
<ol><li>14隔離された大動脈弁置換を施行した患者を識別します。</li>
	<li>これらの患者の中から選択主要胸部変形 (Kypho 側弯症)、照射の既往または右の hemi 胸郭の手術することがなくサブグループは、アクティブな心内膜炎の緊急手術等のため必要があります。</li>
	<li>昇順大動脈瘤 ≥4.5 cm 患者を除外する胸部コンピューター断層撮影 (CT) スキャンを実行します。</li>
	<li>胸部の CT (図 1と2および表 1) によって提供された測定によると最終的な決定を下します。大動脈送血法サイトと大動脈弁に近い距離に基づく、2 番目または 3 番目の肋間スペースの間を選択します。</li>
</ol>2. 手術のための準備
<ol><li>上記14として制度のガイドラインと、成人の心臓手術患者のための推奨事項を次の手術の患者を準備します。</li>
	<li>背中と左胸ドレープ前に前方に外部除細動パッドを配置します。</li>
</ol>3. 手術
<ol><li>右前ミニ開胸により心臓へのアクセス<ol>
<li>切開、肌ノテクノロジー 8 cm 以上 18 ブレード ナイフで右胸骨端の右側に 1 cm を開始選択した肋上。</li>
		<li>胸筋と、電気焼灼器を使用して肋間筋の浅層をカットします。右肺への損傷を避けるためには、Metzenbaum ハサミで右胸膜をまず入力します。その後、電気焼灼で肋間筋の開口部を拡大します。</li>
		<li>筋膜および Metzenbaum はさみを使用してそれのまわりの軟部組織から解放することによって内部右胸部椎弓根を保持します。</li>
		<li>右胸膜に軟部組織のリトラクターを挿入し、傷にそれを修正します。内部右胸部椎弓根を傷つけないように注意してください。</li>
		<li>軟部組織のリトラクターを最小限のアクセス リトラクターを置き、ゆっくりと徐々 にそれを開きます。</li>
		<li>・ カルペンティエル小説鉗子で頭側穿刺部位の脂肪をつかむし、電気焼灼でカットします。横隔膜の神経を傷つけないように注意してください。</li>
		<li>電気焼灼で右心房に心膜を開き、心膜を広めるために開口部の両側 2/0 polyglactin 宿泊縫合します。</li>
		<li>上行大動脈と右房尾側頭側心膜を開き続けます。心膜の広がりへの開口部の両側 2/0 polyglactin 宿泊縫合を配置します。</li>
		<li>上行大動脈と大動脈送血法財布の紐の配置のために準備する大動脈的遠位心膜反射を確認します。</li>
		<li>左心室の出口の配置のため右上肺静脈の解剖を確認します。</li>
		<li>上行大動脈の遠位部を公開、ピーナッツのガーゼを使用して上行大動脈を慎重に押し下げてアリス クランプにマウント。</li>
		<li>4/0 ポリプロピレン縫合糸を使用して上行大動脈遠位心膜反射ラインのすぐ下大動脈送血法の最初の財布のひもをかぶせます。4/0 ポリプロピレン縫合糸を使用して最初の 1 つの周りに 2 番目の財布-文字列を追加することによって大動脈送血法のための準備を完了します。</li>
		<li>ヘパリン/kg の 300 i. u. を与える (濃度 5,000 U/mL) IV ラインを介して。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>患者の心肺バイパスに接続します。<ol>
<li>まず右大腿静脈を穿刺、静脈に針を通してガイドワイヤを配置します。皮膚の 11 刃で開口部を拡大します。連続ダイレーターで穿刺部位を広げるし、経食道心エコー制御 (図 3) の下でガイドワイヤ上, 経皮的大腿静脈カニューレを紹介します。</li>
		<li>軽くプッシュ ダウン ピーナッツ ガーゼを使用して上行大動脈アリス クランプにマウントされている、財布の紐の真ん中に上行大動脈を穴をあけます。ガイドワイヤ上大動脈を cannulate します。</li>
		<li>心肺バイパスを起動し、30 ° C (図 4) に患者を冷却します。静脈の還流を改善するには、perfusionnist-50 mmHG のアシストの否定的な圧力を適用しなさい</li>
		<li>軽く左側に向かって、上大静脈を押して、4/0 ポリプロピレンのモノフィラメント縫合糸で右上肺静脈に財布のひもを配置します。左心をアンロードするのには財布のひもを左心室の出口に挿入します。</li>
	</ol></li>
	<li>弁切除と交換を準備します。<ol>
<li>クロス ・ クランプ開閉式剛性シャフトと柔軟なクランプを使用して大動脈カニューレのすぐ下大動脈。</li>
		<li>逆 L 前並非冠バルサルバ洞に至る、中国鋼管接合部のレベルを実行します。アリス クランプと、大動脈の下の尾根を撤回します。</li>
		<li>大動脈弁閉鎖不全の場合に、冠のオスティアに直接順行膠質液を提供します。</li>
		<li>大動脈を通じて非-冠状静脈洞大動脈弁上 1 cm を拡張します。左と右冠動脈のオスティアをチェックします。</li>
		<li>大動脈の下の尾根上 5/0 ポリプロピレン縫合糸を置き、大動脈弁の露出を改善する右心室の前方の面にそれを表面的に修正します。</li>
		<li>大動脈の優れた尾根上別 5/0 ポリプロピレン縫合糸を置き、大動脈弁の露出を改善する心膜を表面的にそれを修正します。</li>
		<li>遠藤鉗子で右、非冠動脈と左冠尖でつかむ順番と遠藤ハサミでそれらをします。僧帽弁、大動脈を通じて確認してください。</li>
		<li>市販バルブ sizer を使用して、挿入するバルブのラベルのサイズを決定します。Sizer 快適大動脈心室の接合部を通過するを選択します。</li>
		<li>最初は縛り付けられる遠藤針ホルダーを使用して、左と右冠動脈洞間交連の U 縫合糸とポリエステル 2/0 を編組。心室側は、縛り付けられる心室からまでの縫合に渡します。</li>
		<li>右の冠状静脈洞を完了する時計回りに縛り付けられる U 縫合糸と編みポリエステルの 2/0 の配置を続行します。</li>
		<li>時計回りの場所は、非冠動脈洞に縛り付けられる U 縫合糸とポリエステルの 2/0 を編組。</li>
		<li>右と左冠動脈洞間交連から始まる、左の冠状静脈洞に反時計回りに編みポリエステル 2/0 件縛り付けられる U 縫合糸を置くことによって環状縫合糸を完了します。</li>
		<li>ライダー針ホルダーを使用して人工弁置換術後の縫製リングにポリエステル編組の 2/0 縫合糸を渡します。</li>
		<li>人工弁をスライドさせ、バルブ ホルダーを取り外します。縫合糸を結ぶし、彼らと大動脈弁の間の任意のギャップを確認します。左と右冠オスティアに障害物がないことを確認します。</li>
		<li>Metzenbaum はさみを使用して結ばれた縫合糸をカットします。大動脈の下、優れた尾根上 5/0 露出を抜糸します。</li>
		<li>2 5/0 ポリプロピレン ヘミ縫合を実行して、大動脈を閉じます。非冠動脈洞で、大動脈のどん底に最初の 1 つを配置し、それを結ぶ。その後、逆 L 大動脈の角度に来る。わずかな張力の下で縫合糸の端を置きます。</li>
		<li>第二 5/0 ポリプロピレン実行ヘミ-縫合左端に開始および最初のヘミ縫合の最後を満たすために右側に向かってくるし、大動脈の閉鎖を続行します。2 つの端を一緒に結ぶし、それらをカットします。</li>
		<li>右心室に大動脈をアンクランプする前に心室ペーシング ワイヤを配置します。</li>
		<li>トレンデレンブルグ体位チルト動作テーブルをしましょう。完全なフローの 50% にポンプの流れを減らします。左心室の出口の穏やかな吸引の下でゆっくりと大動脈遮断14を削除します。</li>
		<li>心臓肺の完全なフローの履歴書をバイパスします。大動脈閉鎖の止血を確認します。左心室通気口を削除し、その財布のひもを結ぶ。止血を確認します。</li>
		<li>患者は 37 ° c. を rewarm します。独立した心臓肺から患者をバイパスします。安定した血液の圧力に達すると、1:1 の比率 (3 mg/kg ヘパリンの 300 U/kg に対応する) でプロタミン注入 IV でヘパリンを中和する14。</li>
		<li>最初の財布のひもを結ぶ大動脈カニューレの削除を準備します。アシスタント大動脈カニューレを取り除き、財布のひもを結ぶことを完了しなさい</li>
		<li>ダブル安全な大動脈送血法のサイトを図 8 の 4/0 ポリプロピレン縫合糸です。縫合糸をカットします。</li>
		<li>大腿静脈カニューレを削除し、20 分間の手動圧縮によって、止血をセキュリティで保護します。</li>
		<li>心膜の 1 つと 1 つの右胸水胸管を配置します。3 緩く結ばれた編組 2/0 polyglactin 縫合心膜を適応します。</li>
		<li>2 つの編組 0 polyglactin 縫合糸で肋骨を適応します。標準の方法でレイヤーの傷を閉じます。</li>
	</ol></li>
</ol>4. 術後の患者のケア
<ol><li>集中治療室に転送、次の心臓手術14標準的な術後ケアを患者を提供します。</li>
</ol>

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S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Society+of+Thoracic+Surgeons+Adult+Cardiac+Surgery+Database:+2016+Update+on+Outcomes+and+Quality.">The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database: 2016 Update on Outcomes and Quality.</a> Ann. Thorac. Surg. 101 (1), 24-32 (2016).</li><li>Glauber, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Right+anterior+minithoracotomy+versus+conventional+aortic+valve+replacement:+A+propensity+score+matched+study.">Right anterior minithoracotomy versus conventional aortic valve replacement: A propensity score matched study.</a> J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 145 (5), 1222-1226 (2013).</li><li>Jones, D. A., Tch&#233;tch&#233;, D., Forrest, J., Hellig, F., Lansky, A., Moat, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+SURTAVI+study:+TAVI+for+patients+with+intermediate+risk.">The SURTAVI study: TAVI for patients with intermediate risk.</a> EuroIntervention. 13 (5), 617-620 (2017).</li></ol>

著者が明らかに何もありません。

このプロトコルでは分離の大動脈弁置換のミニ開胸右前のテクニックの詳細に説明し、この手順の患者選択基準を強調します。その他の治療的介入、適切な患者選択はプロシージャの成功を達成するためのキーです。この技術のための患者の検討のための最適な CT 計測正確には、このプロトコルで説明体験に基づいているし、博士グラウバーとこのフィールド10人の協力者?...

血行動態の関連性と臨床的に受信側に特に注意と診断、心臓弁の病変大動脈弁狭窄はアメリカ合衆国と先進国1,2で最も一般的な弁病理。心血管の健康の調査の患者の 2% が成長する年齢と有病率の増加が明確で、フランクの大動脈狭窄症: 歳 65-75 歳の患者で 1.3%、それらの高齢者の 75-85 年に 2.4%、85 年1より古い患者の 4%。症候を呈する患者重症大動脈弁狭窄症、大動脈弁置換術はクラス私3心臓弁膜症患者の管理のため米国心臓協会のガイドラインで勧告。
従来の外科的大動脈弁置換術 (FS) は、大動脈治療のゴールド スタンダードとして確立しているにおける胸骨正中切開弁狭窄症罹患率と死亡率の4の面で優れた結果を。これらの結果は、高齢の患者とリスクの高いプロファイルを持つ患者に治療上の適応の拡張を奨励しています。治療戦略の数は、一般集団における従来の外科的大動脈弁置換による同じ良い成果を維持するためにこれらの患者のサブセットで実装されています。これらの代替治療法の中で経カテーテル大動脈弁留置術 (TAVI) は Cribier と同僚5によって 2002 年に導入されました。瀕死の患者で最初に実行される、TAVI が急浮上した従来の外科的大動脈弁置換6、7、適性がない重症大動脈弁狭窄患者に対する治療選択肢として、または低侵襲として高における患者への手術のアプローチはリスク8,9です。
にもかかわらず、選択した患者のサブセットのタヴィの改善の結果、症候性大動脈弁狭窄症の多くの患者はまだ外科的大動脈弁置換術のための候補者であります。これらの患者で FS 大動脈弁置換術、心臓外科医によって最も頻繁に使用されるアプローチです。それにもかかわらず、外科的外傷10を減らすことの理論的根拠と様々 な「低侵襲」技術が開発されています。これらのすべての最小アクセス手法術後の痛みを軽減し、入院期間を短縮し、グローバル コスト10を保存可能性があります患者の回復を加速による患者の快適性の向上を目指した。低侵襲切開アプローチ上部ヘミ-胸骨 (UHS) と右前ミニ開胸 (RAMT) 文献11で報告の主な手法となっています。大動脈弁置換術の右前小開最初 Benettiらによって報告されました。12、および上部のヘミ胸骨最初いくつかの著者11によって記述されていた。瘢痕の選択肢に加えて 2 つの動脈の血流の戦略が使用されている: i) 周辺の大腿動脈カニュレーション、ii) 中心部大動脈送血法よりもより頻繁に採用されています。
低侵襲大動脈弁置換術の患者転帰の改善が報告された、にもかかわらず限られた手術分野および末梢動脈灌流戦略13の短所についての懸念リードする多くの心臓外科医大動脈弁置換術のための最小限のアクセス アプローチの潜在的な利点から恩恵を受ける患者がさせません。このプロトコルの目的は、右前ミニ開胸肋骨切除/骨折と動脈灌流の中心部大動脈送血法により低侵襲大動脈弁置換術のこの手法の詳細に説明することです。このプロトコルに従うことによって心臓外科医の大きい数は、特定の患者グループで大動脈弁置換術の右前のミニ開胸を実行できます。患者の選択および技術の制限事項を説明します。初期の結果は、完全胸骨によって分離された大動脈弁置換術を受ける患者のコホートの比較されます。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:761px;" width="761">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:368px;">Heart surgery infrastructure:</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Heart Lung Machine</td>
			<td>Stockert</td>
			<td>SIII</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">EOPA 24Fr. arterial cannula</td>
			<td>Medtronic</td>
			<td>77624</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">FemFlex arterial cannula</td>
			<td>Edwards</td>
			<td>FEMII20A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Quickdraw 25Fr. femoral venous cannula</td>
			<td>Edwards</td>
			<td>QD25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Biomedicus 25Fr. Nextgen venous cannula</td>
			<td>Medtronic</td>
			<td>96670-125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">LV vent catheter 17Fr.</td>
			<td>Edwards</td>
			<td>E061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Antegrade 9Fr. cardioplegia cannula</td>
			<td>Edwards</td>
			<td>AR012V</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Coronary artery ostial cannula 90&#176;</td>
			<td>Medtronic</td>
			<td>30155</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Coronary artery ostial cannula 45&#176;</td>
			<td>Medtronic</td>
			<td>30255</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Soft tissue retractor</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">STAR soft tissue atraumatic retractor</td>
			<td>Estech</td>
			<td>EC400220</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Soft tissue retractor</td>
			<td>Edwards</td>
			<td>TRM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;">Electrocautery</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>Force FXTM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Sutures:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Polypropylene 4/0</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>8871H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Polypropylene 5/0</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>8870H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Braided polyesther 2/0 ligature with polybutylate coating&#160;</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>X305H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Braided polyesther2/0 with pledgets V5</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>MEH7715N</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Braided polyglactin 2/0 suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>V114H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Braided polyglactin 0 suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>W9996</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Drugs:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Midazolam</td>
			<td>Roche Pharma</td>
			<td>N05CD08</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Rocuronium</td>
			<td>MSD Merck Sharp &#38; Dohme&#160;</td>
			<td>M03AC09</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Propofol</td>
			<td>Fresenius Kabi</td>
			<td>N01AX10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fentanil</td>
			<td>Actavis</td>
			<td>N01AH01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Heparin</td>
			<td>Braun</td>
			<td>B01AB01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Protamin</td>
			<td>MEDA Pharmaceutical</td>
			<td>V03AB14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Custodiol cardioplegia solution</td>
			<td>Dr. F. K&#246;hler Chemie GmbH</td>
			<td>B05CX10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Instruments:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Window access retractor SI</td>
			<td>Estech</td>
			<td>400-400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">SI retractor blade 40W50L</td>
			<td>Estech</td>
			<td>400-172</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ceramo atraumatic forceps 2.8x15/350</td>
			<td>Fehling</td>
			<td>FE-MRA-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ceramo HCR valve forceps 3.0x15/350</td>
			<td>Fehling</td>
			<td>FE-MRA-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ceramo HCR needle holder 2x10/340</td>
			<td>Fehling</td>
			<td>FE-MRB-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ceramo TC HCR needle holder curved 3x10/340</td>
			<td>Fehling</td>
			<td>FE-MRG-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ceramo HCR valve scissors 350</td>
			<td>Fehling</td>
			<td>FE-MRA-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ceramo HCR curved scissors 350</td>
			<td>Fehling</td>
			<td>FE-MRA-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Cygnet flexible arched aortic clamp</td>
			<td>Vitalitec</td>
			<td>V10143</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Intrack insert set double traction</td>
			<td>Vitalitec</td>
			<td>N10122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Dissection forceps Carpentier</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>DC13110-28&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Scissors Metzenbaum</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>B351751</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Needle holder Ryder</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>DC51130-20&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Dissection forceps DeBakey</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>DC12000-21&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Lung retractor</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>B803990</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Allis clamp</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>DC45907-25&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">O&#8217;Shaugnessy Dissector</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>B60650</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">18 blade knife</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>B130180</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">11 blade knife</td>
			<td>Premiere</td>
			<td>9311-2PK</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Leriche haemostatic clamp</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>B86555</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Data analysis</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests</td>
			<td>GraphPad</td>
			<td>Prism 7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

technique and patient selection criteria of right anterior mini-thoracotomy for minimal access aortic valve replacement

大動脈弁狭窄は先進国で最も普及している心臓弁膜をなっており、これらの人口の高齢化によるものです。病理の発生率は、65 年後の年齢の成長とともに増加します。胸骨正中切開従来の外科的大動脈弁置換術では、症候性大動脈弁狭窄症に対する治療のゴールド スタンダードをされています。しかし、患者のリスク プロファイルを悪化させると他の治療戦略を確立された手術によって得られる優秀な結果を維持する試みで導入されています。これらの方法の 1 つは、経カテーテル大動脈弁留置術によって表されます。ハイリスク患者で症候性大動脈弁狭窄症に対する治療の成果は、経カテーテル大動脈弁置換術で改善している、この状態で多くの患者まま外科的大動脈弁置換術のための候補者。候補者の外科的大動脈弁置換術の患者に外科的外傷を減らすために、低侵襲アプローチは、過去 10 年間の間に関心を集めています。1993 年に大動脈弁置換術の右前方開胸術の導入、以来右前ミニ開胸と上部ヘミ胸骨大動脈の最小限のアクセスを実行する心臓外科医の間で切開方法が主流となっています。弁置換。切開の位置は、横にある動脈カニュレーション サイトは大動脈弁置換術のための最小限のアクセス技術の 2 番目の主要なランドマークを表します。2 つの最も頻繁に使用される動脈カニュレーション サイトには中央大動脈および末梢大腿アプローチが含まれます。これらの患者に外科的外傷を減らすことを目的として中央大動脈送血法サイトで右前のミニ開胸アプローチしました。このプロトコルでは、低侵襲大動脈弁置換術の手法について詳しく説明し、心臓コンピューター トモグラフィ測定を含む、患者選択基準の推奨事項を示します。適応とその選択肢と同様に、この手法の限界を説明します。

統計分析 (± SD を手段として表示される) 連続変数の表 2表 3 表 4非パラメトリック マン ・ ホイットニー検定を用いて行われます。カテゴリ変数の表 2表 3 表 4の割合で、カイ二乗検定で比較すると。統計解析を行い, pにセットされた統計的有意性しきい値と市販のソフトウェアを使用?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Technique and Patient Selection Criteria of Right Anterior Mini-Thoracotomy for Minimal Access Aortic Valve Replacement at JoVE.com

Technique and Patient Selection Criteria of Right Anterior Mini-Thoracotomy for Minimal Access Aortic Valve Replacement

技術と最小限のアクセス大動脈弁置換のミニ開胸右前の患者選択基準

このプロトコルの目的は、右前のミニ開胸して中心部大動脈送血法の低侵襲大動脈弁置換術のテクニックの詳細に説明することです。この手法が潜在的患者の快適性を高める、術後合併症を減らすことによって、滞在期間、グローバル コストを下げることを促進するため。

Aortic valve stenosis has become the most prevalent valvular heart disease in developed countries, and is due to the aging of these populations. The ...

technique-patient-selection-criteria-right-anterior-mini-thoracotomy

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

11.6K ビュー.  Institut de Cardiologie. このプロトコルの目的は、右前のミニ開胸して中心部大動脈送血法の低侵襲大動脈弁置換術のテクニックの詳細に説明することです。この手法が潜在的患者の快適性を高める、術後合併症を減らすことによって、滞在期間、グローバル コストを下げることを促進するため。

ビデオ: Technique and Patient Selection Criteria of Right Anterior Mini-Thoracotomy for Minimal Access Aortic Valve Replacement

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) therapy is sometimes used as a treatment for various common skin conditions, including psoriasis, acne, and eczema. The dosage of UV light is prescribed according to an individual's skin sensitivity. Thus, to establish the proper dosage of UV light to administer to a patient, the patient is sometimes screened to determine a minimal erythema dose (MED), which is the amount of UV radiation that will produce minimal erythema (sunburn or redness caused by engorgement of capillaries) of an individual's skin within a few hours following exposure. This article describes how to conduct minimal erythema dose (MED) testing. There is currently no easy way to determine an appropriate UV dose for clinical or research purposes without conducting formal MED testing, requiring observation hours after testing, or informal trial and error testing with the risks of under- or over-dosing. However, some alternative methods are discussed.

Minimal Erythema Dose MED Testing

This article describes how to conduct minimal erythema dose (MED) testing in order to determine the lowest dose of ultraviolet radiation that will cause erythema (burning) when administered to an individual.

最小紅斑量（MED）試験

Ultraviolet radiation (UV) therapy is  sometimes used as a treatment for various common skin conditions, including  psoriasis, acne, and eczema. The ...

医学

Minimal Invasive Surgical Procedure of Inducing Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Myocardial infarction still remains the main cause of death in western countries, despite considerable progress in the stent development area in the last decades. For clarification of the underlying mechanisms and the development of new therapeutic strategies, the availability of valid animal models are mandatory. Since we need new insights into pathomechanisms of cardiovascular diseases under in vivo conditions to combat myocardial infarction, the validity of the animal model is a crucial aspect. However, protection of animals are highly relevant in this context. Therefore, we establish a minimally invasive and simple model of myocardial infarction in mice, which assures a high reproducibility and survival rate of animals. Thus, this models fulfils the requirements of the 3R principle (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction) for animal experiments and assure the scientific information needed for further developing of therapeutical strategies for cardiovascular diseases.

A highly reproducible model for myocardial infarction in mice with minimal invasive manipulations is described. The model can be easily performed, resulting in a high reproducibility and survival rate. Thus, the described model will reduce the number of required animals as requested by the 3R principle (Replacement, Refinement and Reduction).

マウスにおける心筋梗塞を誘発する低侵襲手術手順

Myocardial infarction still remains the main cause of death in western countries, despite considerable progress in the stent development area in the last ...

Full-root Aortic Valve Replacement by Stentless Aortic Xenografts in Patients with Small Aortic Roots

In patients with small aortic roots who need an aortic valve replacement with biological valve substitutes, the implantation of the stented pericardial valve might not meet the functional needs. The implantation of a too-small stented pericardial valve, leading to an effective orifice area indexed to a body surface area less than 0.85 cm2/m2, is regarded as prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM). A PPM negatively affects the regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and thus the normalization of left ventricular function and the alleviation of symptoms. Persistent left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with an increased risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. In the case of predictable PPM, there are three options: 1) accept the PPM resulting from the implantation of a stented pericardial valve when comorbidities of the patient forbid the more technically demanding operative technique of implanting a larger prosthesis, 2) enlarge the aortic root to accommodate a larger stented valve substitute, or 3) implant a stentless biological valve or a homograft. Compared to classical aortic valve replacement with stented pericardial valves, the full-root implantation of stentless aortic xenografts offers the possibility of implanting a 3-4 mm larger valve in a given patient, thus allowing significant reduction in transvalvular gradients. However, a number of cardiac surgeons are reluctant to transform a classical aortic valve replacement with stented pericardial valves into the more technically challenging full-root implantation of stentless aortic xenografts. Given the potential hemodynamic advantages of stentless aortic xenografts, we have adopted full-root implantation to avoid PPM in patients with small aortic roots necessitating an aortic valve replacement. Here, we describe in detail a technique for the full-root implantation of stentless aortic xenografts, with emphasis on the management of the proximal suture line and coronary anastomoses. Limitations of this technique and alternative options are discussed.

Full-root aortic valve replacement by stentless aortic xenograft is a viable option in patients with small aortic roots. We describe, a technique for the full-root implantation of stentless aortic xenografts, with emphasis on the management of the proximal suture line and coronary anastomoses, and discuss its limitations and alternative options.

小型大動脈瘤患者におけるステントレス大動脈異種移植による全大動脈弁置換術

In patients with small aortic roots who need an aortic valve replacement with biological valve substitutes, the implantation of the stented pericardial ...

Technique of Minimally Invasive Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice for Induction of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice is one of the most commonly used surgical techniques for experimental investigation of pressure overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and its progression to heart failure. In the majority of the reported investigations, this procedure is performed with intubation and ventilation of the animal which renders it demanding and time-consuming and adds to the surgical burden to the animal. The aim of this protocol is to describe a simplified technique of minimally invasive TAC without intubation and ventilation of mice. Critical steps of the technique are emphasized in order to achieve low mortality and high efficiency in inducing LVH.
Male C57BL/6 mice (10-week-old, 25-30 g, n=60) were anesthetized with a single intraperitoneal injection of a mixture of ketamine and xylazine. In a spontaneously breathing animal following a 3-4 mm upper partial sternotomy, a segment of 6/0 silk suture threaded through the eye of a ligation aid was passed under the aortic arch and tied over a blunted 27-gauge needle. Sham-operated animals underwent the same surgical preparation but without aortic constriction. The efficacy of the procedure in inducing LVH is attested by a significant increase in the heart/body weight ratio. This ratio is obtained at days 3, 7, 14 and 28 after surgery (n = 6 - 10 in each group and each time point). Using our technique, LVH is observed in TAC compared to sham animals from day 7 through day 28. Operative and late (over 28 days) mortalities are both very low at 1.7%.
In conclusion, our cost-effective technique of minimally invasive TAC in mice carries very low operative and post-operative mortalities and is highly efficient in inducing LVH. It simplifies the operative procedure and reduces the strain put on the animal. It can be easily performed by following the critical steps described in this protocol.

The aim of this protocol is to describe step-by-step the technique of minimally invasive transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice. By elimination of intubation and ventilation which are mandatory for the commonly used standard procedure, minimally invasive TAC simplifies the operative procedure and reduces the strain put on the animal.

左室肥大の誘導マウスにおける低侵襲の横大動脈狭窄のテクニック

Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in mice is one of the most commonly used surgical techniques for experimental investigation of pressure ...

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement

Despite the obvious advantages of the preservation of a normal aortic valve during aortic root replacement, the complexity of valve sparing procedures prevents a number of cardiac surgeons from incorporating them into their practice. The aim of this protocol is to describe a simplified and user-friendly technique of an aortic valve-sparing root replacement (VSRR) procedure by re-implantation of the aortic valve. Proper selection of patients and limitations of the technique are discussed.
In 54 consecutive patients, normal appearing aortic valves were re-implanted in a commercially available polyester prosthesis with pre-shaped sinuses by a simplified and standardized technique. Placement of the first row of the proximal suture line, choice of the prosthesis size, and adjustment of the height of the commissures of the patient to the fixed height of the sinus portion of the prosthesis were slightly modified from the reference techniques with the aim of increasing its feasibility for use by other cardiac surgeons. Early mortality and morbidity as well as 5-year survival, freedom from aortic valve reoperation, and freedom from recurrent moderate regurgitation were collected in all patients.
Thirty-day mortality, re-sternotomy for bleeding, re-sternotomy for mediastinitis, and the incidence of stroke were very low, 1.8% for each (1 of 54). No patient required permanent pace-maker implantation. At 5 years, survival, freedom from aortic valve reoperation, and freedom from recurrent moderate regurgitation were 97.5%, 95.2%, and 91.6%, respectively.
Mid-term results of our standardized technique of re-implantation of the aortic valve for valve-sparing aortic root replacement are very good and compare with more complex techniques reported by experienced surgeons. By following the present protocol of the standardized re-implantation technique, a greater number of cardiac surgeons can perform this procedure with comparable good results.

Valve-sparing aortic root replacement has the advantage of preserving the patient&#39;s own aortic valve. The complexity of the reported techniques to date restricts their use to a limited number of cardiac surgeons. This protocol describes step-by-step a standardized technique reproducible by a greater number of cardiac surgeons.

弁温存大動脈の大動脈弁再置換術の標準化された技術のルート交換

Despite the obvious advantages of the preservation of a normal aortic valve during aortic root replacement, the complexity of valve sparing procedures ...

Improved Registration of 3D CT Angiography with X-ray Fluoroscopy for Image Fusion During Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

The fusion of 3D anatomical models derived from high-fidelity pre-interventional computed tomography angiography (CTA), and x-ray (XR) fluoroscopy to facilitate anatomical guidance is of huge interest for complex cardiac interventions like TAVI procedures with cerebral protection. Co-registration of CTA and XR has been introduced either based on additional intraoperative non-/contrast-enhanced cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) or two separate aortograms. With the related increase of radiation exposure and/or contrast agent (CA) dose, a potential additional risk for the patient is introduced. Here, we propose a modified co-registration approach making use of arteriograms of the iliofemoral arteries, routinely performed during the femoral puncture and sheath introduction. On-the-fly refinement of the co-registration during the on-going procedure enables accurate co-registration without any additional angiograms, thus reducing CA, XR dose and procedure time, while simultaneously improving operator confidence and procedure safety.

The aim of this study was to improve the co-registration for image fusion (IF) of pre-interventional CT data with real-time x-ray (XR) fluoroscopy during transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

経カテーテル大動脈弁留置中画像融合 3次元 CT 血管造影 x 線透視との登録を改善

The fusion of 3D anatomical models derived from high-fidelity pre-interventional computed tomography angiography (CTA), and x-ray (XR) fluoroscopy to ...

Murine Cervical Aortic Transplantation Model using a Modified Non-Suture Cuff Technique

With the introduction of powerful immunosuppressive protocols, distinct advances are possible in the prevention and therapy of acute rejection episodes. However, only minor improvement in the long-term results of transplanted solid organs could be observed over the past decades. In this context, chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) still represents the leading cause of late organ failure in cardiac, renal and pulmonary transplantation.
Thus far, the underlying pathogenesis of CAV development remains unclear, explaining why effective treatment strategies are presently missing and emphasizing a need for relevant experimental models in order to study the underlying pathophysiology leading to CAV formation. The following protocol describes a murine heterotopic cervical aortic transplantation model using a modified non-suture cuff technique. In this technique, a segment of the thoracic aorta is interpositioned in the right common carotid artery. With the use of the non-suture cuff technique, an easy to learn and reproducible model can be established, minimizing the possible heterogeneity of sutured vascular micro anastomoses.

Here, we present a protocol of heterotopic aortic transplantation in mice using the non-suture cuff technique in a cervical murine model. This model can be used to study the underlying pathology of chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) and can help evaluate new therapeutic agents in order to prevent its formation.

改変非縫合カフ技術を用いたマウス子宮頸動脈大動脈移植モデル

With the introduction of powerful immunosuppressive protocols, distinct advances are possible in the prevention and therapy of acute rejection episodes. ...

Implantation of Human-Sized Coronary Stents into Rat Abdominal Aorta Using a Trans-Femoral Access

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), combined with the deployment of a coronary stent, represents the gold standard in interventional treatment of coronary artery disease. In-stent restenosis (ISR) is determined by an excessive proliferation of neointimal tissue within the stent and limits the long-term success of stents. A variety of animal models have been used to elucidate pathophysiological processes underlying in-stent restenosis (ISR), with the porcine coronary and the rabbit iliac artery models being the most frequently used. Murine models provide the advantages of high throughput, ease of handling and housing, reproducibility, and a broad availability of molecular markers. The apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE-/- ) mouse model has been widely used to study cardiovascular diseases. However, stents must be miniaturized to be implanted into mice, involving important changes of their mechanical and (potentially) biological properties. The use of apoE-/- rats can overcome these shortcomings as apoE-/- rats allow for the evaluation of human-sized coronary stents while at the same time providing an atherogenic phenotype. This makes them an excellent and reliable model to investigate ISR after stent implantation. Here, we describe, in detail, the implantation of commercially available human coronary stents into the abdominal aorta of rats with an apoE-/- background using a trans-femoral access.

This protocol describes the implantation of human coronary stents into the abdominal aorta of rats with an apoE-/- background using a trans-femoral access. Compared with other animal models, murine models carry the advantages of high throughput, reproducibility, ease of handling and housing, and a broad availability of molecular markers.

トランス・大腿部アクセスを用いたヒトサイズの冠動脈ステントのラット腹部大動脈への移植

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), combined with the deployment of a coronary stent, represents the gold standard in interventional treatment of ...

The Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump

Cardiogenic shock remains one of the most challenging clinical syndromes in modern medicine. Mechanical support is being increasingly used in the management of cardiogenic shock. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is one of the earliest and most widely used types of mechanical circulatory support. The device acts by external counterpulsation and uses systolic unloading and diastolic augmentation of aortic pressure to improve hemodynamics. Although IABP provides less hemodynamic support when compared with newer mechanical circulatory support devices, it can still be the mechanical support device of choice in appropriate situations because of its relative simplicity of insertion and removal, need for smaller size vascular access and better safety profile. In this review, we discuss the equipment, procedural and technical aspects, hemodynamic effects, indications, evidence, current status and recent advances in the use of IABP in cardiogenic shock.

We describe the steps for the percutaneous implantation of the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), a mechanical circulatory support device. It acts by counterpulsation, inflating at the onset of diastole, augmenting diastolic aortic pressure and improving coronary blood flow and systemic perfusion, and deflating before systole, reducing left ventricular afterload.

大動脈内バルーンポンプ

Cardiogenic shock remains one of the most challenging clinical syndromes in modern medicine. Mechanical support is being increasingly used in the ...

Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography-Guided Valve Sizing for Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Replacement

The measurements of the right ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery (PA), for selecting the optimal prosthesis size for transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR), vary considerably. Three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) imaging for device size prediction is insufficient to assess the displacement of the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and PA, which could increase the risk of stent misplacement and paravalvular leak. The aim of this study is to provide a dynamic model to visualize and quantify the anatomy of the RVOT to PA over the entire cardiac cycle by four-dimensional (4D) cardiac CT reconstruction to obtain an accurate quantitative evaluation of the required valve size. In this pilot study, cardiac CT from sheep J was chosen to illustrate the procedures. 3D cardiac CT was imported into 3D reconstruction software to build a 4D sequence which was divided into eleven frames over the cardiac cycle to visualize the deformation of the heart. Diameter, cross-sectional area, and circumference of five imaging planes at the main PA, sinotubular junction, sinus, basal plane of the pulmonary valve (BPV), and RVOT were measured at each frame in 4D straightened models prior to valve implantation to predict the valve size. Meanwhile, dynamic changes in the RV volume were also measured to evaluate right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF). 3D measurements at the end of the diastole were obtained for comparison with the 4D measurements. In sheep J, 4D CT measurements from the straightened model resulted in the same choice of valve size for TPVR (30 mm) as 3D measurements. The RVEF of sheep J from pre-CT was 62.1 %. In contrast with 3D CT, the straightened 4D reconstruction model not only enabled accurate prediction for valve size selection for TPVR but also provided an ideal virtual reality, thus presenting a promising method for TPVR and the innovation of TPVR devices.

This study assessed a new methodology with a straightened model generated from the four-dimensional cardiac computed tomography sequence to obtain the desired measurements for valve sizing in the application of transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement.

経カテーテル肺弁交換のための4次元コンピュータ断層撮影ガイド付きバルブサイジング

The measurements of the right ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery (PA), for selecting the optimal prosthesis size for transcatheter pulmonary valve ...